Article(id=1241768048043032799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693065600000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990173588, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1706716800000, pubDateStr=2024-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990173588, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990173588, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990173588, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241768035548205179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990170609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993209826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241780783011140021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241780783015334326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=116, endPage=120, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241768049628479766, articleId=1241768048043032799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Adsorption Behavior of Copper Ions onto Mangosteen Peel and Combustion Properties of Cu-Loaded Mangosteen Peel, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Acting as a raw material, mangosteen peel was subjected to decolorization with isopropanol and activation with alkaline reagent for preparing a kind of adsorbent, which was then used to adsorb copper ions in solution. The result from an adsorption experiment shows that increasing pH value can be beneficial to the adsorption of copper ions onto mangosteen peel, with the maximum adsorption capacity up to 1.5 molCu2+/kg. The adsorption can reach equilibrium within 30 min. The amount of loaded copper ions has a significant effect on the characteristic temperature of thermal decomposition of adsorbents during combustion. When the concentration of copper ions is lower than 2 mmol/L, there are higher number of loaded copper ions, and the temperature at which thermal decomposition begins and violent combustion decomposition ends becomes lower. When the concentration of copper ion is higher than 2 mmol/L, the characteristic value of thermal decomposition temperature no longer changes significantly. Copper ion plays a role of catalyst in the combustion process, which can effectively promote the combustion reaction.

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以山竹果皮渣为原料,经过异丙醇脱色、碱性试剂活化制备出吸附材料,用于吸附溶液中的铜离子。实验结果表明,pH值升高有利于山竹皮吸附剂吸附铜离子,最大吸附容量达1.5 molCu2+/kg,且30 min内可达到吸附平衡。负载铜离子数量对吸附剂燃烧热分解的特征温度有显著影响,铜离子浓度低于2 mmol/L时,负载的铜离子数量增加,其开始热分解以及剧烈燃烧分解的温度点显著降低;铜离子浓度高于2 mmol/L后,其热分解温度特征值不再发生明显变化。铜离子在燃烧过程中扮演催化剂的作用,能有效促进燃烧反应。

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黄凯(1974—),男,四川眉山人,博士,副教授,主要从事有色金属冶金教学和科研工作。E-mail:
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林玮(1987—),男,安徽定远人,硕士,工程师,主要从事热分析方面的教学和研究。E-mail:

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林玮(1987—),男,安徽定远人,硕士,工程师,主要从事热分析方面的教学和研究。E-mail:

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铜离子浓度/(mmol·L-1开始热分解温度/℃燃烧最剧烈时温度/℃燃烧结束温度/℃
0220450500
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吸附不同浓度铜离子后山竹皮吸附剂的燃烧特征温度

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铜离子浓度/(mmol·L-1开始热分解温度/℃燃烧最剧烈时温度/℃燃烧结束温度/℃
0220450500
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山竹皮吸附剂对铜离子的吸附行为及其燃烧特性研究
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林玮 1 , 朱庆 2 , 黄凯 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(1): 116-120
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(1): 116-120
山竹皮吸附剂对铜离子的吸附行为及其燃烧特性研究
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林玮1 , 朱庆2, 黄凯2
作者信息
  • 1.北京科技大学 新材料技术研究院,北京 100083
  • 2.北京科技大学 冶金与生态工程学院,北京 100083
  • 林玮(1987—),男,安徽定远人,硕士,工程师,主要从事热分析方面的教学和研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

黄凯(1974—),男,四川眉山人,博士,副教授,主要从事有色金属冶金教学和科研工作。E-mail:
Adsorption Behavior of Copper Ions onto Mangosteen Peel and Combustion Properties of Cu-Loaded Mangosteen Peel
Wei LIN1 , Qing ZHU2, Kai HUANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2.School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2024-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.025
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以山竹果皮渣为原料,经过异丙醇脱色、碱性试剂活化制备出吸附材料,用于吸附溶液中的铜离子。实验结果表明,pH值升高有利于山竹皮吸附剂吸附铜离子,最大吸附容量达1.5 molCu2+/kg,且30 min内可达到吸附平衡。负载铜离子数量对吸附剂燃烧热分解的特征温度有显著影响,铜离子浓度低于2 mmol/L时,负载的铜离子数量增加,其开始热分解以及剧烈燃烧分解的温度点显著降低;铜离子浓度高于2 mmol/L后,其热分解温度特征值不再发生明显变化。铜离子在燃烧过程中扮演催化剂的作用,能有效促进燃烧反应。

生物质吸附剂  /  重金属废水处理  /  山竹皮  /  吸附铜  /  热分解温度  /  燃烧点  /  催化反应

Acting as a raw material, mangosteen peel was subjected to decolorization with isopropanol and activation with alkaline reagent for preparing a kind of adsorbent, which was then used to adsorb copper ions in solution. The result from an adsorption experiment shows that increasing pH value can be beneficial to the adsorption of copper ions onto mangosteen peel, with the maximum adsorption capacity up to 1.5 molCu2+/kg. The adsorption can reach equilibrium within 30 min. The amount of loaded copper ions has a significant effect on the characteristic temperature of thermal decomposition of adsorbents during combustion. When the concentration of copper ions is lower than 2 mmol/L, there are higher number of loaded copper ions, and the temperature at which thermal decomposition begins and violent combustion decomposition ends becomes lower. When the concentration of copper ion is higher than 2 mmol/L, the characteristic value of thermal decomposition temperature no longer changes significantly. Copper ion plays a role of catalyst in the combustion process, which can effectively promote the combustion reaction.

biomass adsorbent  /  treatment of heavy metal wastewater  /  mangosteen peel  /  copper adsorption  /  thermal decomposition temperature  /  combustion point  /  rate catalytic reaction
林玮, 朱庆, 黄凯. 山竹皮吸附剂对铜离子的吸附行为及其燃烧特性研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 116 -120 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.025
Wei LIN, Qing ZHU, Kai HUANG. Adsorption Behavior of Copper Ions onto Mangosteen Peel and Combustion Properties of Cu-Loaded Mangosteen Peel[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (1) : 116 -120 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.025
山竹是一种广泛种植于东南亚及我国云南、海南的水果,山竹果壳约占其整体质量的2/3,往往被作为废物丢弃,不仅造成资源浪费,而且污染环境。山竹果壳富含多种天然功能团,可望作为吸附净化材料,用于重金属废水治理。目前治理重金属废水的处理方法主要有吸附、沉淀、絮凝等[1-2],其中生物质吸附法因成本低廉、效果显著等广受关注[3-11]。将山竹皮等果皮用于环境治理,可望实现这一生物质材料的高值化利用[12]。针对吸附重金属后生物质材料的燃烧行为特征,至今鲜有系统研究。开展生物质材料燃烧行为特征研究,可为生物质吸附材料的高值化利用提供理论依据[13-14]。本文选取山竹果皮为原料制备生物质吸附剂,考察其对铜离子的吸附性能,研究其吸附过程中的影响因素、吸附动力学以及吸附重金属后山竹皮粉末的燃烧特性。
实验原料:鲜山竹果,购自北京超市,原产地为海南省;实验药剂氢氧化钠、盐酸、硫酸铜、异丙醇、无水乙醇均为分析纯。
主要仪器设备:烧杯、磁力搅拌器、机械搅拌器、加热板、榨汁机、漏斗抽滤装置等,均为常规仪器设备。
取新鲜山竹果皮100 g和300 mL异丙醇,混合均匀后用榨汁机打碎成细小的颗粒悬浮物;继续搅拌,并加热沸腾保温1.5 h,然后过滤,再加水200 mL和氢氧化钠5 g,继续机械搅拌12 h后,停止搅拌,静置12 h,过滤,水洗去掉多余的碱、盐酸,调节pH值至中性,再对滤饼进行无水乙醇喷淋深渗滤,滤饼置于80 ℃真空炉中烘干12 h,然后磨碎、筛分过40目(0.425 mm)筛后,得到山竹皮吸附材料。
该制备方法的基本原理是针对鲜山竹果皮中富含的天然功能团(—COOH、—OH、酚—OH等),采用异丙醇先将其中易挥发、易溶解的小分子成分及色素脱除,然后用碱性溶液将其酸性基团中和、脱脂化处理,保留稳定的功能团供吸附金属离子。该吸附材料对金属离子的吸附以离子交换为主。
配制不同浓度的硫酸铜溶液,备用。称取25 mg山竹果皮吸附材料和15 mL硫酸铜溶液置于一定容量的三角锥形瓶中,放置于恒速振荡器上,以110 r/min的速率振荡120 min后,立即过滤,并测定滤液pH值,用盐酸酸化定容后,得到吸附不同量铜离子的载铜山竹皮吸附材料。
采用电感耦合原子发射光谱仪(美国赛默飞,ICP-7000)检测山竹皮吸附材料在不同浓度硫酸铜溶液中的铜离子吸附量。采用扫描电镜(德国蔡司,EVO18)观察山竹皮吸附材料的表面形貌及元素含量。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(美国赛默飞,iS50)得到载铜山竹皮吸附材料的表面官能团信息。采用同步热分析仪(美国TA,Q600)研究载铜山竹皮吸附材料的燃烧特性,测试条件为样品质量5 mg左右,气氛为干燥空气,流量为100 mL/min,试验温度范围为室温~700 ℃,升温速度为10 ℃/min。采用Langmuir模型(式(1))和准二级动力学方程(式(2))分别对山竹皮吸附剂的吸附等温线数据和吸附量数据进行拟合。
式中Ce为平衡浓度,mmol/L;qe为平衡浓度下的吸附量,mol/kg;KL为结合常数;qm为最大吸附量,mol/kg;qtt时刻的吸附量,mg/kg;k2为准二级动力学常数。
用电感耦合原子发射光谱仪分析吸附前后的铜离子浓度差,即可求出该对应条件下的吸附率(A,%),进一步根据吸附剂用量和吸附溶液的体积量,可以计算出铜离子被吸附的容量(Qe,mol/g)。据AQe,即可评判山竹皮吸附材料的吸附效果。
图1为山竹皮吸附材料吸附铜离子效率随pH值变化规律。可以看出,溶液平衡pH值1~6时,随着pH值增加,山竹皮吸附材料对铜的吸附率从不到10%增长到90%;pH>6后,山竹皮吸附材料对铜的吸附率维持在90%以上。可见pH值较低时,山竹皮吸附材料对铜的吸附率较低,pH值保持在6以上为宜。
不同铜离子浓度下山竹皮吸附材料对铜的吸附容量以及对应的Langmuir模型拟合结果见图2。随着铜离子初始浓度增加,吸附平衡正向移动,吸附容量不断增加。铜离子浓度低于2 mmol/L时,吸附容量随浓度变化较快。铜离子浓度超过2 mmol/L后,吸附容量随浓度变化变小,最后达到吸附饱和,吸附容量维持在1.5 molCu2+/kg左右。Langmuir模型对吸附等温线数据的拟合结果表明其能很好地描述吸附过程,基于此模型,可以得到最大吸附量为1.55 molCu2+/kg,与实验结果十分接近,说明山竹皮吸附铜离子属于单分子层吸附。
吸附时间对山竹皮吸附材料吸附铜离子的影响以及对应的准二级动力学方程拟合结果见图3。可以看出,室温条件下,随着吸附时间延长,山竹皮吸附材料对铜离子的吸附效率和吸附能力不断上升,30 min时达到较高水平;之后随着吸附时间增加,其对铜离子的吸附达到平衡。因此吸附时间应控制在30 min。由准二级动力学方程拟合曲线的截距和斜率可确定qe为36.36 mg/kg,k2为7.58×10-3
化学改性处理后山竹皮吸附剂吸附铜离子后的电镜形貌和能谱见图4。SEM形貌显示山竹皮表面略带细微绒毛,粗糙不平;由能谱分析结果可以看出,吸附后的山竹皮主要含有C、O元素,同时还有Cu元素(质量分数2.3%),表明其成功地吸附了铜。
图5为载铜山竹皮吸附材料在400 ℃下燃烧后灰烬的SEM形貌和能谱分析结果。SEM形貌显示,山竹皮灰烬颗粒尺度较小,呈现不规则的球状结构;由能谱结果可知,灰烬主要由Cu、O、C元素组成,同时还含有少量S、Ca等元素。结果表明,400 ℃下该山竹皮生物质燃烧时释放出CO2和可能燃烧不完全形成的CO,吸附的铜则保留在灰烬中,成为灰烬的主要成分(质量分数65.5%)。
图6为山竹皮吸附材料吸附不同浓度铜离子的傅里叶变换红外光谱曲线。由图6可见,山竹皮吸附铜离子前后的FTIR图谱差异较小,但存在强度变化和波数偏移。其中,3 289 cm-1、3 295 cm-1、3 304 cm-1、3 276 cm-1处的峰归因于样品中可能带有水分使得—O—H基团伸缩振动;1 605 cm-1、1 603 cm-1、1 607 cm-1处的峰归因于键。红外吸收光谱图中指纹峰主要集中在波数1 500 cm-1以下,1 436 cm-1、1 435 cm-1处的峰归因于键,1 278 cm-1、1 279 cm-1、1 280 cm-1处的峰归因于—C—H键的伸缩振动,1 014 cm-1、1 011 cm-1、1 012 cm-1处的峰归因于—C—O—键的伸缩振动。吸附不同浓度的铜离子后,—O—H键和键的强度降低。根据上述结果可以推测,山竹皮表面的羧基、羟基以及多酚类物质对溶液中铜离子起到了吸附作用。
图7为未吸附铜离子的山竹皮吸附剂的热重曲线图。由图7可见,山竹皮中存在一定水分,可能源于烘干残留及自身结合水,温度25~100 ℃范围内,山竹皮自身失水导致质量缓慢减少;失水完全后,热重曲线进入平台区,随着温度升高,在100~200 ℃范围内,热重曲线继续下降,这一过程可能是山竹皮热分解所致,受到热量作用,材料内部官能团及化学键开始分解断裂,山竹果皮出现变性行为;随着温度进一步升高,在200~500 ℃,山竹皮质量急剧下降,微分热重曲线上出现一个“陡峭”的分解峰,此时材料已经剧烈燃烧;燃烧完成后,温度在500 ℃以上时,热重曲线再次进入平台区,测得燃烧灰烬残留物的质量约为原质量的10%,同时其热量也不再发生变化,表明约90%的生物质被燃烧转化成为CO2等气体成分。
图8为山竹皮吸附剂吸附了不同浓度铜离子后的热重分析结果。由图8可见,25~100 ℃,材料经历了自身失水导致的质量缓慢减少;随后在100~200 ℃范围内,材料发生热分解,导致质量减轻;温度继续上升,材料发生燃烧,放热剧烈;温度达到400~450 ℃时,山竹皮材料燃烧完全,温度在500 ℃以上时,热重曲线再次进入平台区,测得剩余质量约为原质量的10%。从热重曲线结合前述SEM/EDS结果推测,该残余主要由吸附的铜组分及未燃烧完全的残留碳构成。
经过深入分析可以发现,吸附铜离子前后的山竹皮燃烧温度点及燃烧时的热量发生了很大变化。未吸附铜离子的山竹皮吸附材料完全燃烧时放热峰对应温度约为450 ℃,吸附铜离子后的山竹皮完全燃烧峰分别在410、360、360、360 ℃左右,放热峰强度也跟着发生变化。铜离子浓度小于2 mmol/L时,随着铜离子吸附量增大,该燃烧峰温度随着铜离子浓度增加而下降;铜离子浓度超过2 mmol/L时,燃烧峰温度维持在300~360 ℃之间。可知负载了铜离子的山竹皮材料变得更易发生燃烧,且在一定浓度范围内,负载的铜数量越多,其开始热分解以及燃烧结束的温度点越低;而当吸附的铜离子数量达到一定程度之后,其热分解特征值不再发生明显变化。这种现象叫做“燃烧速催”现象,即铜离子在燃烧反应中起到了催化化学反应速度的作用,可以有效促进燃烧反应、降低燃烧温度点。
吸附不同浓度铜离子山竹皮吸附剂的燃烧特征温度见表1。随着吸附铜离子浓度增大,山竹皮燃烧最剧烈时温度从450 ℃迅速降至410 ℃,再稳定在360 ℃,可见吸附负载的铜离子量对山竹皮燃烧催化作用具有饱和性,即生物质燃烧温度或分解特征温度的降低存在稳定值,此值可视为具体生物质材料吸附负载不同金属离子后的燃烧分解特征温度点。
1)山竹皮生物质材料对铜离子具有良好的吸附性能。pH值6、初始铜离子浓度2 mmol/L、吸附时间30 min时,该吸附材料对铜离子的吸附效率和吸附容量分别达到90%和1.5 molCu2+/kg。
2)利用红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对吸附前后的山竹皮吸附剂进行表征,结果显示山竹皮吸附剂对铜进行了有效吸附且官能团和微观表面有显著变化。
3)在一定浓度范围内,负载的铜数量越多,山竹皮吸附剂剧烈燃烧时的温度点越低。
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(FRF-GF-18-025B)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.025
  • 接收时间:2023-08-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-27
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中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(FRF-GF-18-025B)
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    1.北京科技大学 新材料技术研究院,北京 100083
    2.北京科技大学 冶金与生态工程学院,北京 100083

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黄凯(1974—),男,四川眉山人,博士,副教授,主要从事有色金属冶金教学和科研工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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