Article(id=1241768048001089758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693238400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990173577, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1706716800000, pubDateStr=2024-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990173577, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990173577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990173577, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241768035548205179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990170609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993209826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241780783011140021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241780783015334326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=161, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241768049196466438, articleId=1241768048001089758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Preparation of Immobilized Ionic Liquid and Removal of Mercury Ions in Water, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fe3O4@SiO2@IL was prepared by immobilizing imidazole based ionic liquids on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles with impregnation method, and was then used to remove Hg2+ in the water. The effects of pH value, adsorption time, and adsorbent dosage on the Hg2+ removal rate were investigated. The results show that Fe3O4@SiO2@IL can have a wide application, and Hg2+ removal rate can exceed 99.1% with pH of 7.2-9.5. Fe3O4@SiO2@IL presents a high rate of Hg2+ adsorption, and the adsorption can reach equilibrium within 90 minutes. For 25 mL Hg2+ solution with a concentration of 2 μg/mL, Hg2+ can be completely removed by adding 20 mg of adsorbent. The adsorption isotherms of Fe3O4@SiO2@IL indicate that the saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Hg2+ is 548.37 mg/g.

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采用浸渍法将咪唑基离子液体固载于磁性纳米颗粒表面,制备得到固载离子液体复合材料Fe3O4@SiO2@IL。采用Fe3O4@SiO2@IL去除水环境中的Hg2+,研究了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量及Hg2+初始浓度对Hg2+去除率的影响。结果表明,Fe3O4@SiO2@IL适用pH值范围宽,pH=7.2~9.5时,Hg2+去除率达99.1%以上。Fe3O4@SiO2@IL对Hg2+的吸附速度快,只需90 min即可达到吸附平衡。对于25 mL浓度2 μg/mL的Hg2+溶液,加入20 mg吸附剂即可基本去除其中Hg2+,Fe3O4@SiO2@IL的吸附等温线研究结果表明,吸附剂对Hg2+的饱和吸附量为548.37 mg/g。

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何松珉(1992—),男,海南琼海人,工程师,主要研究方向为生态环境工程与咨询。E-mail:
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邹文清(1991—),男,海南海口人,工程师,主要研究方向为生态环境工程与咨询。E-mail:

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articleId=1241768048001089758, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UXRNhgji/j4wnXN/M2VTZw==, figureFileBig=6sbVvvP+f8tZwuZy6Kqnyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779791850963821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768048001089758, language=CN, label=图9, caption=吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附等温线, figureFileSmall=UXRNhgji/j4wnXN/M2VTZw==, figureFileBig=6sbVvvP+f8tZwuZy6Kqnyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241779792090039164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768048001089758, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
吸附剂用量(A)/mg溶液pH值(B)吸附时间(C)/min
-1106.070
0207.090
1308.0110
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吸附剂去除Hg2+正交试验因素水平表

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水平因素
吸附剂用量(A)/mg溶液pH值(B)吸附时间(C)/min
-1106.070
0207.090
1308.0110
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试验号ABC平均去除率/%
1-1-1-182.4
2-10087.7
3-11190.1
40-1093.7
500199.2
601-194.1
71-1189.2
810-199.4
911095.4
K10.8940.9930.946
K21.1420.9570.922
K30.9870.9681.059
K1(平均)0.2730.3370.316
K2(平均)0.3810.3240.311
K3(平均)0.3320.3270.354
R0.1130.0060.018
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吸附剂去除Hg2+L9(33)正交试验结果及分析

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试验号ABC平均去除率/%
1-1-1-182.4
2-10087.7
3-11190.1
40-1093.7
500199.2
601-194.1
71-1189.2
810-199.4
911095.4
K10.8940.9930.946
K21.1420.9570.922
K30.9870.9681.059
K1(平均)0.2730.3370.316
K2(平均)0.3810.3240.311
K3(平均)0.3320.3270.354
R0.1130.0060.018
), ArticleFig(id=1241779792694018995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768048001089758, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂种类最大吸附量/(mg·g-1吸附pH值平衡时间/h参考文献
改性棕榈壳活性炭83.336~83[13]
活性焦412.158[14]
糠醛1744~81[15]
偶联剂改性凹凸棒92.63~110.5[16]
固载咪唑离子液体548.377.21.5本研究
), ArticleFig(id=1241779793004397506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768048001089758, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

固载离子液体与其他吸附剂的性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂种类最大吸附量/(mg·g-1吸附pH值平衡时间/h参考文献
改性棕榈壳活性炭83.336~83[13]
活性焦412.158[14]
糠醛1744~81[15]
偶联剂改性凹凸棒92.63~110.5[16]
固载咪唑离子液体548.377.21.5本研究
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固载离子液体材料的制备及其对水环境中汞离子的去除
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邹文清 , 何松珉
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024,44(1): 161-165
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024, 44(1): 161-165
固载离子液体材料的制备及其对水环境中汞离子的去除
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邹文清 , 何松珉
作者信息
  • 海南绿境高科环保有限公司,海南 海口 570311
  • 邹文清(1991—),男,海南海口人,工程师,主要研究方向为生态环境工程与咨询。E-mail:

通讯作者:

何松珉(1992—),男,海南琼海人,工程师,主要研究方向为生态环境工程与咨询。E-mail:
Preparation of Immobilized Ionic Liquid and Removal of Mercury Ions in Water
Wenqing ZOU , Songmin HE
Affiliations
  • Hainan Lvjing High-tech Environmental Protection Co Ltd, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
出版时间: 2024-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.035
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采用浸渍法将咪唑基离子液体固载于磁性纳米颗粒表面,制备得到固载离子液体复合材料Fe3O4@SiO2@IL。采用Fe3O4@SiO2@IL去除水环境中的Hg2+,研究了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量及Hg2+初始浓度对Hg2+去除率的影响。结果表明,Fe3O4@SiO2@IL适用pH值范围宽,pH=7.2~9.5时,Hg2+去除率达99.1%以上。Fe3O4@SiO2@IL对Hg2+的吸附速度快,只需90 min即可达到吸附平衡。对于25 mL浓度2 μg/mL的Hg2+溶液,加入20 mg吸附剂即可基本去除其中Hg2+,Fe3O4@SiO2@IL的吸附等温线研究结果表明,吸附剂对Hg2+的饱和吸附量为548.37 mg/g。

固载离子液体  /  磁性纳米颗粒  /  咪唑  /  汞离子  /  吸附  /  静电作用

Fe3O4@SiO2@IL was prepared by immobilizing imidazole based ionic liquids on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles with impregnation method, and was then used to remove Hg2+ in the water. The effects of pH value, adsorption time, and adsorbent dosage on the Hg2+ removal rate were investigated. The results show that Fe3O4@SiO2@IL can have a wide application, and Hg2+ removal rate can exceed 99.1% with pH of 7.2-9.5. Fe3O4@SiO2@IL presents a high rate of Hg2+ adsorption, and the adsorption can reach equilibrium within 90 minutes. For 25 mL Hg2+ solution with a concentration of 2 μg/mL, Hg2+ can be completely removed by adding 20 mg of adsorbent. The adsorption isotherms of Fe3O4@SiO2@IL indicate that the saturated adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Hg2+ is 548.37 mg/g.

immobilized ionic liquid  /  magnetic nanoparticles  /  imidazole  /  mercury ions  /  adsorption  /  electrostatic interaction
邹文清, 何松珉. 固载离子液体材料的制备及其对水环境中汞离子的去除. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 161 -165 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.035
Wenqing ZOU, Songmin HE. Preparation of Immobilized Ionic Liquid and Removal of Mercury Ions in Water[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (1) : 161 -165 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.035
在工业生产中,大量有毒有害物质尤其是重金属对环境造成了严重影响[1]。常用的重金属污染治理技术包括吸附[2-3]、膜技术[4]、混凝/絮凝[5]、生物处理[6]及离子交换[7]。其中,吸附法具有良好的去除效果,应用广泛[8-9]。固载离子液体是一种环境友好的吸附剂[10],对重金属离子具有良好的吸附性能[11-13]。本文采用两步法合成咪唑基离子液体([BMIm]HCO3),将其固载于磁性纳米颗粒Fe3O4制备了固载离子液体复合材料,并将此材料应用于Hg2+的吸附去除。
采用两步法合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碳酸氢离子液体([BMIm]HCO3),合成步骤如图1所示。采用微波反应法合成[BMIm]Br:将N-甲基咪唑(99.3%)与1-溴烷基(99%)按物质的量比1∶1.1混合,在微波功率200 W下搅拌反应3 min,得到黄色黏稠液体。采用乙酸乙酯洗涤此液体3次,去除溶剂,真空干燥过夜,得到产物[BMIm]Br。然后,向得到的黄色黏稠液体中加入NaHCO3以取代[BMIm]Br中的Br,得到目标离子液体[BMIm]HCO3
采用水热法制备单分散Fe3O4微球。将FeCl3· 6H2O(0.27 g,99%)、FeCl2·4H2O(0.6 g,99%)、柠檬酸钠(2.4 g,99%)和尿素(0.72 g,99%)溶解于80 mL经过脱氧处理的蒸馏水中,通氮气保护,以避免被氧化,然后在持续搅拌下加入聚丙烯酸钠(0.6 g,99.9%)直至完全溶解。将溶液转移至100 mL高压灭菌器中,在180 ℃下加热4 h。经过反复地磁离心和洗涤,得到聚丙烯酸酯改性的Fe3O4微球。之后加入0.4 mL正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS,99.5%),机械搅拌反应8 h,采用无水乙醇进行洗涤,烘干后得到包覆SiO2的Fe3O4微球,记为Fe3O4@SiO2
25 ℃时,将0.03 g亲水性离子液体(ionic liquid,IL)和0.07 g Fe3O4@SiO2加入10 mL乙腈中,搅拌3 h后放入真空干燥箱中于80 ℃烘干,在200 ℃下处理4 h后得到最终产物Fe3O4@SiO2@IL。
采用X射线衍射仪(XRD,Philips X'pert)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM,Hitachi S-4800)和透射电子显微镜(TEM,JEOL-2010)对磁性微球形貌和结构进行表征;采用红外光谱仪(FTIR,EURO 5700)分析固载离子液体表面键合状态。
将分析纯无机汞盐溶解于超纯水中,用玻璃棒搅拌溶液直到汞盐完全溶解,配制成一定浓度Hg2+的废水模拟液。取25 mL模拟液,加入20 mg干燥的Fe3O4@SiO2@IL进行吸附实验,采用恒温水浴控制吸附温度。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测量溶液中Hg2+浓度。按式(1)~(2)分别计算吸附剂单位吸附量q(mg/g)和Hg2+去除率R(%):
式中C0Ce分别为溶液中Hg2+初始浓度及吸附平衡时溶液中Hg2+浓度,μg/mL;V为溶液体积,mL;W为Fe3O4@SiO2@IL吸附剂质量,mg。
载体磁性纳米颗粒Fe3O4、中间材料Fe3O4@SiO2及固载离子液体Fe3O4@SiO2@IL的微观形貌如图2图3所示。由图2可知,Fe3O4球形颗粒直径约100 nm;在Fe3O4微球表面包覆SiO2后得到的Fe3O4@SiO2复合微球比裸Fe3O4微球具有更好的分散性,这是因为SiO2具有很强的亲水性;采用浸渍法在Fe3O4@SiO2复合微球表面镀上均匀的离子液体层得到的Fe3O4@SiO2@IL复合材料具有良好的分散性。固载离子液体吸附剂在水溶液中能与Hg2+充分接触,有利于吸附去除Hg2+。由图3可知,Fe3O4微球由大量粒径小于100 nm的纳米粒子组成,具有良好的分散性;复合材料中离子液体的织构表面厚度约60 nm。
离子液体及固载化复合材料(Fe3O4@SiO2@IL)FTIR表征结果如图4所示。从图4可以看出,离子液体在2 850~2 921 cm-1区间出现了C—H的对称和反对称伸缩振动峰,均属于其结构特征峰;离子液体在2 850~2 921 cm-1区间也出现了相同的特征峰,表明离子液体成功负载于载体上。离子液体均匀负载于磁性纳米颗粒载体上,提供了大量活性位点,可以提高其吸附去除重金属离子的能力。从图4还可以发现,离子液体在1 465 cm-1处出现了C—O伸缩振动峰,而固载离子液体中并没有观察到这个特征峰,这可能是由于SiO2的特征峰较强,掩盖了C—O伸缩振动峰。
载体及负载离子液体后的复合材料晶型结构表征如图5所示。从图5可以看出,载体Fe3O4和Fe3O4@SiO2在2θ=30°、36°、43°、57°、63°存在衍射峰,对比PDF卡片(JCPDS№34-0421)可知,这是属于Fe3O4的特征衍射峰,表明载体Fe3O4合成成功。Fe3O4和Fe3O4@SiO2具有相同的衍射峰,表明Fe3O4表面连接SiO2后其晶型结构没有被破坏。Fe3O4@SiO2@IL衍射峰与载体Fe3O4无明显变化,表明负载离子液体并没有破坏Fe3O4的晶型,保持了原有的晶格结构。
溶液体积25 mL、Hg2+初始浓度2 μg/mL、吸附剂用量20 mg、振荡吸附时间2 h,研究了溶液pH值对Hg2+去除率的影响,结果如图6所示。从图6可以看到,随着溶液pH值增大,溶液中Hg2+去除率逐渐升高。溶液pH=1.5时,材料对Hg2+去除率为52.3%,表明强酸性条件下Fe3O4@SiO2@IL表面的活性位点被H+占据,限制了吸附剂与Hg2+的络合作用,不利于吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附。强酸性条件下,吸附剂与Hg2+之间基本不存在配位作用,其对Hg2+去除率的贡献很小,表明强酸性条件下吸附剂主要通过静电作用力吸附Hg2+。随着溶液pH值升高,溶液中H+越来越少,Fe3O4@SiO2@IL的活性位点越来越多,有利于Fe3O4@SiO2@IL和Hg2+之间的配位。除了配位作用力外,溶液中还存在静电作用力,在两种作用力的共同作用下,Hg2+去除率增大。溶液pH=7.2时,Hg2+去除率增至99.1%,溶液pH=9.5时Hg2+去除率达到99.9%。
综上所述,强酸性条件不利于固载离子液体吸附剂对Hg2+的去除,中性或碱性条件下能获得良好的去除效果,但Hg2+在强碱性条件下可能会发生部分水解。溶液pH=7.2为宜。
pH=7.2、溶液体积25 mL、Hg2+初始浓度2 μg/mL、振荡吸附时间2 h,考察了吸附剂用量对Hg2+去除率的影响,结果如图7所示。从图7可以看到,吸附剂用量2.5 mg时,Hg2+去除率约50%,难以达到去除要求。随着吸附剂用量增加,溶液中的固载离子液体能为Hg2+提供更多活性位点,Hg2+去除率逐渐增大,在吸附剂用量20 mg时吸附达到饱和,继续增大吸附剂用量,Hg2+去除率基本保持不变。上述结果表明,对于Hg2+初始浓度2 μg/mL的溶液,适宜的吸附剂用量为20 mg。
pH=7.2、溶液体积25 mL、Hg2+初始浓度2 μg/mL、吸附剂用量20 mg,对溶液中的Hg2+进行振荡吸附,吸附时间对Hg2+去除率的影响如图8所示。从图8可以看出,在吸附反应的前60 min内,吸附剂对Hg2+的去除率随吸附时间延长而快速增大;吸附时间60~90 min范围内,Hg2+去除率随吸附时间延长而缓慢增大;吸附时间90 min时,吸附达到平衡,此时Hg2+去除率为99.3%,继续延长吸附时间,Hg2+去除率基本保持不变。其原因如下:吸附反应初始阶段,Fe3O4@SiO2@IL中的活性位点多且溶液中Hg2+浓度高,吸附剂和Hg2+接触的概率高,吸附速率快。随着吸附反应的进行,吸附剂吸附了更多Hg2+,其占据了吸附剂表面的活性位点,同时溶液中Hg2+浓度降低,吸附逐渐达到平衡。
pH=7.2、溶液体积25 mL、吸附剂用量20 mg、振荡吸附时间90 min,考察了不同Hg2+初始浓度下的吸附等温线,结果如图9所示。从图9可以看出,Hg2+初始浓度0~200 μg/mL范围内时,吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附量随着Hg2+初始浓度增加而显著增大。Hg2+初始浓度大于200 μg/mL后,吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附量不再随着Hg2+初始浓度增大而增大,表明吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附已达到平衡,此时的饱和吸附量为548.37 mg/g。这是因为随着吸附剂吸附Hg2+的数量越来越多,其表面的活性位点逐渐被Hg2+占据,没有多余活性位点可与Hg2+进行络合作用。
根据上述单因素实验结果,溶液pH值、吸附剂用量及吸附时间均影响吸附剂对水环境中Hg2+的吸附性能。采用三因素三水平正交试验法对吸附剂去除Hg2+的条件进行研究。正交试验因素水平设置见表1。据此得到的L9(33)正交试验结果及分析见表2。可以看到3个因素对吸附剂吸附去除Hg2+的影响顺序大小为:吸附剂用量>吸附时间>溶液pH值,即吸附剂用量对Hg2+去除率的影响最大,得到最佳吸附条件组合为A1B0C-1,即吸附剂用量30 mg、溶液pH=7.0和吸附时间70 min。
汞是环境中毒性极强的重金属元素之一,国内外学者一直非常关注污染水体中汞离子的去除。本研究考察了国内外学者去除Hg2+所用吸附剂与本文制备的固载离子液体吸附剂的性能,结果如表3所示。由表3可知,本文制备的固载离子液体吸附剂对Hg2+的吸附量能够达到548.37 mg/g,对溶液中Hg2+去除率能够达到99.4%,远超其他吸附剂。
1)强酸性条件不利于Fe3O4@SiO2@IL对Hg2+的吸附,溶液pH=7.2~9.5时其对Hg2+具有良好的吸附性能,去除率达99.1%以上。
2)在吸附初始阶段(0~90 min),Hg2+去除率随吸附时间延长而增大,90 min时达到吸附平衡。
3)对于25 mL浓度为2 μg/mL的Hg2+溶液,仅需20 mg吸附剂即可去除Hg2+,吸附剂用量小,有利于降低处理成本。
4)Hg2+初始浓度对Fe3O4@SiO2@IL吸附Hg2+的容量有显著影响,吸附平衡条件下吸附剂饱和吸附量为548.37 mg/g。
5)通过正交试验得到3个因素对吸附剂吸附去除Hg2+的影响顺序大小为:吸附剂用量>吸附时间>溶液pH值,吸附优化条件为吸附剂用量30 mg、溶液pH=7.0、吸附时间70 min,此时对Hg2+的去除率为99.4%。
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.035
  • 接收时间:2023-08-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-29
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    海南绿境高科环保有限公司,海南 海口 570311

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何松珉(1992—),男,海南琼海人,工程师,主要研究方向为生态环境工程与咨询。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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