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Article(id=1241768046721827026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692720000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990173272, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1706716800000, pubDateStr=2024-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990173272, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990173272, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990173272, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241768035548205179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990170609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993209826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241780783011140021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241780783015334326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=152, endPage=156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241768049058054400, articleId=1241768046721827026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Weld Joints of Q370qENH Weathering Steel After Submerged Arc Welding, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the corrosion mechanism of welded material of Q370qENH weathering steel by submerged arc welding (SAW), experiments were conducted on immersion corrosion and electrochemical corrosion of Q370qENH substrate samples and weld seam samples after SAW process, and the morphology and composition of the surface rust formed after immersion corrosion were characterized. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the weld seam of Q370qENH by SAW process is lower than the substrate, and its electrochemical impedance is 38% of the substrate. The reason for the lower corrosion resistance of weld seam than the substrate and the formation mechanism of surface rust were all analyzed. The research results can provide scientific and theoretical basis for the safety assessment for the service of weathering steel in engineering projects of steel bridges for high-speed railway, as well as its following maintenance.

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为了研究耐候钢Q370qENH埋弧焊材的锈蚀机理，对Q370qENH埋弧焊焊缝试样和基材试样进行浸泡腐蚀实验和电化学腐蚀实验，并对Q370qENH浸泡腐蚀后形成的锈层形貌和成分进行表征。结果表明，Q370qENH埋弧焊焊材焊缝处的耐蚀能力低于基材，其电化学阻抗为基材的38%。分析了Q370qENH埋弧焊材焊缝耐蚀能力低于基材的原因和表面锈层的形成机理，研究结果可为耐候钢在高速铁路钢桥等工程项目中的服役安全评估和维修养护提供科学依据和理论基础。

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汪冰峰（1978—），男，湖南岳阳人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为材料特种成型技术及变形机制。E-mail：
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孙洪斌（1968—），男，山东济南人，正高级工程师，主要从事桥梁工程等方面的研究。E-mail：

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孙洪斌（1968—），男，山东济南人，正高级工程师，主要从事桥梁工程等方面的研究。E-mail：

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孙洪斌（1968—），男，山东济南人，正高级工程师，主要从事桥梁工程等方面的研究。E-mail：

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CSiMnPSVNiCrCuFe
0.170.271.360.0150.0060.0200.010.020.02余量
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Q370qENH板材化学成分（质量分数）

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CSiMnPSVNiCrCuFe
0.170.271.360.0150.0060.0200.010.020.02余量
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样品阻抗/Rlg[i/（A·cm-2）]腐蚀电位/V
Q370qENH基材5 128-7.754-0.656
Q370qENH焊缝1 948-4.834-0.996
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Q370qENH基材和焊缝试样的电化学数据

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样品阻抗/Rlg[i/（A·cm-2）]腐蚀电位/V
Q370qENH基材5 128-7.754-0.656
Q370qENH焊缝1 948-4.834-0.996
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耐候钢Q370qENH埋弧焊焊接接头锈蚀行为与机理研究
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孙洪斌 1 , 杨少军 1 , 张丛 2 , 于夏洋 3 , 朱志辉 4 , 汪冰峰 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024,44(1): 152-156
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024, 44(1): 152-156
耐候钢Q370qENH埋弧焊焊接接头锈蚀行为与机理研究
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孙洪斌1 , 杨少军1, 张丛2, 于夏洋3, 朱志辉4, 汪冰峰3
作者信息
  • 1.山东铁路投资控股集团有限公司，山东　济南　250102
  • 2.中铁十局集团有限公司青岛分公司，山东　青岛　266000
  • 3.中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
  • 4.中南大学　土木工程学院，湖南　长沙　410075

    • 孙洪斌（1968—），男，山东济南人，正高级工程师，主要从事桥梁工程等方面的研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

汪冰峰（1978—），男，湖南岳阳人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为材料特种成型技术及变形机制。E-mail：
Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Weld Joints of Q370qENH Weathering Steel After Submerged Arc Welding
Hongbin SUN1 , Shaojun YANG1, Cong ZHANG2, Xiayang YU3, Zhihui ZHU4, Bingfeng WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong Railway Investment Holding Group Co Ltd, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
  • 2.Qingdao Branch of China Railway №10 Engineering Group Co Ltd, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
  • 3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 4.School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.033
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摘要
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为了研究耐候钢Q370qENH埋弧焊材的锈蚀机理，对Q370qENH埋弧焊焊缝试样和基材试样进行浸泡腐蚀实验和电化学腐蚀实验，并对Q370qENH浸泡腐蚀后形成的锈层形貌和成分进行表征。结果表明，Q370qENH埋弧焊焊材焊缝处的耐蚀能力低于基材，其电化学阻抗为基材的38%。分析了Q370qENH埋弧焊材焊缝耐蚀能力低于基材的原因和表面锈层的形成机理，研究结果可为耐候钢在高速铁路钢桥等工程项目中的服役安全评估和维修养护提供科学依据和理论基础。

耐候钢  /  焊接接头  /  耐蚀性能  /  焊缝组织  /  埋弧焊  /  电化学腐蚀实验

In order to study the corrosion mechanism of welded material of Q370qENH weathering steel by submerged arc welding (SAW), experiments were conducted on immersion corrosion and electrochemical corrosion of Q370qENH substrate samples and weld seam samples after SAW process, and the morphology and composition of the surface rust formed after immersion corrosion were characterized. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the weld seam of Q370qENH by SAW process is lower than the substrate, and its electrochemical impedance is 38% of the substrate. The reason for the lower corrosion resistance of weld seam than the substrate and the formation mechanism of surface rust were all analyzed. The research results can provide scientific and theoretical basis for the safety assessment for the service of weathering steel in engineering projects of steel bridges for high-speed railway, as well as its following maintenance.

weathering steel  /  weld joints  /  corrosion resistance performance  /  weld seam structure  /  submerged arc welding (SAW)  /  electrochemical corrosion experiment
孙洪斌, 杨少军, 张丛, 于夏洋, 朱志辉, 汪冰峰. 耐候钢Q370qENH埋弧焊焊接接头锈蚀行为与机理研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 152 -156 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.033
Hongbin SUN, Shaojun YANG, Cong ZHANG, Xiayang YU, Zhihui ZHU, Bingfeng WANG. Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Weld Joints of Q370qENH Weathering Steel After Submerged Arc Welding[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (1) : 152 -156 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.033
正文
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潍莱高铁道路中（120+82）m全焊接耐候钢桁梁桥是我国高速铁路中首次全部采用免涂装耐候钢焊接连接的桥梁，全桥采用Q370qENH与Q345qDNH两种耐候钢材，主要连接方式为埋弧自动焊与栓接。耐候钢在工业应用环境下能形成致密的锈层，起到减缓腐蚀的作用[1]，但耐候钢的焊接节点组织分布不均匀[2-3]，且焊接过程中引入的残余应力与焊接缺陷会使焊接节点成为局部腐蚀的敏感区[4]，导致耐候钢焊接节点的锈蚀规律和损伤退化模式复杂化，难以对工程应用中焊接节点的服役安全水平进行评估。本文基于高铁钢桁桥中耐候钢的实际使用情况，开展耐候钢Q370qENH埋弧焊材浸泡腐蚀实验和电化学实验，对腐蚀后Q370qENH埋弧焊材进行显微组织和化学成分表征，分析耐候钢焊接接头的锈蚀机理，为耐候钢在高速铁路钢桥等工程项目中的服役安全评估和维修养护提供科学依据与理论基础。
1　实验材料及方法
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实验材料为耐候钢Q370qENH，其化学成分见表1。对耐候钢Q370qENH板材进行对接埋弧焊，埋弧焊丝为TH500-NQ-Ⅲ、焊剂为F55A4-SJ105NQ。焊接前将钢板焊接处用线切割切成V字坡口，焊接电流677 A，焊接速度135 m/h，焊接成品与焊接示意图分别如图1（a）和图1（b）所示。在Q370qENH焊接接头的焊缝和基材处采用线切割取样，得到尺寸10 mm×10 mm×10 mm的实验样品，焊缝处取样情况如图1（c）所示。
为了模拟高铁桥梁极端服役情况和加速腐蚀进度，采用3.5%NaCl溶液+60 ℃腐蚀环境对Q370qENH埋弧焊材进行浸泡腐蚀实验，实验步骤如下：对焊缝试样和基材试样暴露的表面进行研磨抛光，将抛光后的试样浸泡在3.5%NaCl溶液中，通过保温炉供热，将溶液环境温度控制在60 ℃，每隔一段时间将试样取出清洗和烘干并拍摄记录表面锈蚀情况。浸泡腐蚀试验周期设为：1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、16 h、32 h、48 h、96 h、144 h、192 h。
电化学试验在ZAHNER Im6ex电化学工作站上进行，腐蚀环境为3.5%NaCl溶液+室温，极化曲线扫描范围-1.6～0.2 V、扫描速度1 mV/s、阻抗图谱扫描频率10-2～105 Hz。
对Q370qENH焊缝和基材试样进行镶嵌、研磨和抛光后，用4%硝酸酒精溶液侵蚀5 s，在POLYVER-MET光学显微镜下观察试样的金相组织。
采用场发射扫描电镜在工作电压20 kV下表征完成浸泡腐蚀的试样表面；采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察Q370qENH焊缝和基材的锈层表面和截面形貌；采用能谱探头对样品进行面扫描，分析元素组成与分布；采用X射线光电子能谱仪对锈层进行X射线光电子能谱分析（XPS）。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　锈层表面形貌
Q370qENH埋弧焊焊材基材试样和焊缝试样浸泡不同时长后的表面形貌分别如图2和图3所示。图2表明Q370qENH基材在浸泡2 h后，已经形成一层均匀的锈层，随着浸泡时间延长，锈层颜色变深。由图3可得，Q370qENH焊缝试样生成锈层的速度低于基材试样，前者在浸泡16 h后才生成均匀的锈层，且锈层先在基材区域形成，再在焊缝区域形成。
图4为Q370qENH基材经浸泡腐蚀后表面锈层的扫描电镜照片。Q370qENH基材表面存在一层均匀的锈层基体，在基体上形成少量放射状氧化物。
图5为Q370qENH基材经浸泡腐蚀后锈层截面的扫描电镜照片和能谱结果。图5表明，Q370qENH基材表面存在一层较薄的锈层，且锈层中主要包含Fe、O、Si和C元素。
图6和图7分别为Q370qENH焊缝试样经浸泡腐蚀后表面锈层及锈层截面扫描电镜照片与能谱结果。由图6可知，Q370qENH焊缝试样表面的锈层形貌不均匀且出现龟裂现象。图7表明，锈层中主要包含Fe、O、Si和C元素。
2.2　锈层成分分析
对腐蚀后的Q370qENH埋弧焊基材和焊缝分别进行了XPS宽谱分析，结果如图8所示。
对Q370qENH基材和焊缝做Fe2p精细谱扫描，结果如图9所示。由图9可知，Fe2p光谱由Fe2p1/2和Fe2/3两个峰组成，基材和焊缝中Fe2p1/2峰的结合能分别为721.72 eV和721.43 eV，查表得此处对应的物质为Fe3O4。基材和焊缝中Fe2p2/3峰的结合能分别为709.59 eV和709.09 eV，根据文献[5]，推测此峰对应的物质为FeOOH。由此可以推断Q370qENH基材和焊缝处铁的氧化物主要以Fe3O4和FeOOH形式存在。由此得出图4（b）中Q370qENH基材锈层表面的放射状氧化物为FeOOH。
为了统计FeOOH和Fe2O3的相对含量，对Q370qENH基材和焊接材试样Fe2p精细谱分峰结果作峰面积统计，发现Q370qENH基材中FeOOH的含量占含铁氧化物的31.12%，Q370qENH焊缝中FeOOH的含量占含铁氧化物的21.98%，表明Q370qENH焊缝处锈层中的FeOOH远少于Q370qENH基材，这也是Q370qENH焊缝耐蚀性能不如Q370qENH基材的原因。
2.3　耐蚀能力分析
采用电化学极化曲线和阻抗图谱表征Q370qENH的耐蚀能力，结果如图10所示。Q370qENH基材极化曲线的电流密度（i）远低于Q370qENH焊缝，而腐蚀电流是材料的溶解造成的，可推断Q370qENH焊缝的耐蚀性能低于Q370qENH基材。Q370qENH焊缝的极化曲线存在一段平台区，表明Q370qENH焊缝处形成了钝化膜，然后电流密度突然升高，表明Q370qENH焊缝处发生了严重的点蚀，破坏了钝化膜的保护作用。Q370qENH焊缝的Nyquist图半径小于基材，说明Q370qENH基材的阻抗大于焊缝，即焊缝的耐蚀性能弱于基材的耐蚀性能，这与极化曲线的结果一致。
由极化曲线和阻抗曲线可得Q370qENH基材和焊缝的阻抗、lgi和腐蚀电位，如表2所示。Q370qENH焊缝的阻抗值仅为Q370qENH基材的38%，lgi仅为Q370qENH基材的62%。
2.4　Q370qENH埋弧焊焊材锈蚀机理讨论
浸泡腐蚀实验和电化学腐蚀实验结果表明，Q370qENH焊缝试样的耐蚀能力低于Q370qENH基材试样。从Q370qENH基材和焊缝试样锈层的XPS分析结果来看，Q370qENH焊缝处锈层中的FeOOH含量远少于Q370qENH基材，而FeOOH是Q370qENH锈层中致密的成分，因此Q370qENH焊缝形成的锈层的致密度低于Q370qENH基材，致密的锈层意味着对基体更强的保护能力，所以Q370qENH基材试样的耐蚀能力更强。
Q370qENH埋弧焊材的金相组织如图11所示。Q370qENH基材主要由铁素体和少量珠光体组成，焊接热影响区由粗大的铁素体与珠光体组成，而Q370qENH焊缝区域主要由贝氏体、残余奥氏体和铁素体以及少量珠光体组成，且在越靠近焊缝的地方，铁素体晶粒越大、贝氏体含量越多。
对浸泡腐蚀后的Q370qENH焊缝试样进行抛光去除表面锈层，拍摄金相显微照片，如图12所示。结果表明，Q370qENH焊缝热影响区的珠光体部分发生点蚀。热影响区的铁素体-珠光体组织可分为两个区域：由层状铁素体相和层状渗碳体相组成的前共析铁素体区和珠光体区。在耐候钢的腐蚀过程中，珠光体中层状铁素体的腐蚀速度快于前共析铁素体，因此，珠光体部分会优先发生腐蚀。
综合Q370qENH腐蚀后的SEM、EDS和XPS分析结果可知，Q370qENH锈层的主要构成为Fe3O4和FeOOH。根据文献[6-7]中关于α-FeOOH，β-FeOOH和γ-FeOOH显微形貌的描述，结合Q370qENH表面锈层氧化物的形态，可以确定Q370qENH锈层的表面由致密的放射状γ-FeOOH、少量球状α-FeOOH及不均匀分布的疏松Fe3O4组成。XPS宽谱扫描没有发现Cl元素，说明锈层能很好地抵挡Cl-的侵蚀。
γ-FeOOH是腐蚀的初始产物[8]，它的晶系与α-FeOOH相同，互为同质异象体，因此它们之间容易发生转化[5]。另外，有研究表明，α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH均可与Fe（OH）2反应生成Fe3O4[9]。
因此，可推导出Q370qENH埋弧焊材的锈层形成机制如图13所示。焊缝在腐蚀过程中会发生如下反应：
3　结论
收起
1）Q370qENH埋弧焊基材的耐蚀性能高于焊缝，基材试样在浸泡腐蚀2 h后已经形成了均匀致密的锈层，而焊缝试样在浸泡16 h后才能形成均匀的锈层，且焊缝阻抗值仅为基材的38%。
2）Q370qENH焊缝耐蚀性低于基材的原因是锈层中的FeOOH含量较低，焊缝区域组织不均匀，热影响区中珠光体组织优先被腐蚀，产生点蚀。
3）Q370qENH埋弧焊材在3.5%NaCl溶液中的锈层形成机制为：首先热影响区珠光体组织中的层状铁素体在溶液中溶解为Fe2+，Fe2+由水供氧生成γ-FeOOH，且随着腐蚀时间增加，焊缝处与热影响区中的铁也会开始溶解并形成锈层。基体中的γ-FeOOH会固相转变为α-FeOOH，同时会生成Fe3O4。
基金
收起
  • 山东省交通运输行业重点科研项目(021-MS4-097)
  • 山东省交通运输厅科技计划(2021B103)
文献
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.033
  • 接收时间：2023-08-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2024-02-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-23
基金
山东省交通运输行业重点科研项目(021-MS4-097)
山东省交通运输厅科技计划(2021B103)
作者信息
    1.山东铁路投资控股集团有限公司，山东　济南　250102
    2.中铁十局集团有限公司青岛分公司，山东　青岛　266000
    3.中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
    4.中南大学　土木工程学院，湖南　长沙　410075

通讯作者:

汪冰峰（1978—），男，湖南岳阳人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为材料特种成型技术及变形机制。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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