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Based on the time-domain coupling analysis method, a three-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamic model for mother vessel, deep-sea mining equipment and umbilical cable was established, and numerical calculation and analysis were also conducted for the hydrodynamic response characteristics of umbilical cable during launch and recovery. The results show that deep-sea mining equipment (weighing 10 t in water) can be safely launched and recovered at a speed of 0.8 m/s under condition of sea state 4. Due to the influence of both waves and currents, the deep-sea mining equipment will have strong oscillations and swings at the beginning of launch and at the end of recovery, which can be reduced by installing anti-swaying devices.

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基于时域耦合分析法,建立了母船-深海采矿装备-脐带缆三维非线性水动力学模型,并对布放及回收过程中脐带缆的水动力响应特性进行了数值计算与分析。结果表明,4级海况时,深海采矿装备(水中重10 t)可以在速度0.8 m/s条件下安全布放和回收;在波浪和海流共同作用下,深海采矿装备在布放开始阶段和回收结束阶段都有强烈的振荡和摆幅,可安装防摇止荡装置来降低振荡和摆动。

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王伟(1996—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为深海采矿系统优化设计。E-mail:

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王伟(1996—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为深海采矿系统优化设计。E-mail:

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王伟(1996—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为深海采矿系统优化设计。E-mail:

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参数装载工况
轻载满载
吃水(m)5.87.0
排水量(t)24 601.230 969.4
重心高(m)10.0538.702
横稳性高修正前(m)-0.178-0.284
横稳性高修正后(m)14.57814.835
横摇惯性半径Rx(m)11.2411.71
纵摇惯性半径Ry(m)48.6948.69
首摇惯性半径Rz(m)48.6948.69
母船中心坐标(全局坐标系)(2.6,0,-2.1)(2.6,0,1.08)
母船重心坐标(母船坐标系)(-4.16,0,4.85)(-6.14,0,2.65)
母船RAO原点(母船坐标系)(-4.16,0,4.85)(-6.14,0,2.65)
), ArticleFig(id=1241779796825412338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768037712461829, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

母船主尺度参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数装载工况
轻载满载
吃水(m)5.87.0
排水量(t)24 601.230 969.4
重心高(m)10.0538.702
横稳性高修正前(m)-0.178-0.284
横稳性高修正后(m)14.57814.835
横摇惯性半径Rx(m)11.2411.71
纵摇惯性半径Ry(m)48.6948.69
首摇惯性半径Rz(m)48.6948.69
母船中心坐标(全局坐标系)(2.6,0,-2.1)(2.6,0,1.08)
母船重心坐标(母船坐标系)(-4.16,0,4.85)(-6.14,0,2.65)
母船RAO原点(母船坐标系)(-4.16,0,4.85)(-6.14,0,2.65)
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外径/mm总长/m单位质量/(kg·m-1破断力/t安全工作载荷/kN布放回收速度/(m·s-1
空气中水中
21.2110 0001.2990.97220.61 0000.8
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脐带缆参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
外径/mm总长/m单位质量/(kg·m-1破断力/t安全工作载荷/kN布放回收速度/(m·s-1
空气中水中
21.2110 0001.2990.97220.61 0000.8
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外形尺寸/m质量(水中)/t接地压力/kPa转弯半径/m行驶速度/(m·s-1
8×5×310515≤1
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深海采矿装备参数

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外形尺寸/m质量(水中)/t接地压力/kPa转弯半径/m行驶速度/(m·s-1
8×5×310515≤1
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深海采矿装备布放回收过程中脐带缆动力学响应特性研究
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王伟 , 陈时平 , 张明 , 双志 , 吴卓
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024,44(1): 12-15
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024, 44(1): 12-15
深海采矿装备布放回收过程中脐带缆动力学响应特性研究
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王伟 , 陈时平, 张明, 双志, 吴卓
作者信息
  • 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 王伟(1996—),男,湖南邵阳人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为深海采矿系统优化设计。E-mail:

Dynamic Response Characteristics of Umbilical Cable During Launch and Recovery of Deep-Sea Mining Equipment
Wei WANG , Shiping CHEN, Ming ZHANG, Zhi SHUANG, Zhuo WU
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Deep Sea Mineral Resources, Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co Ltd, Changsha 410012, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.003
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基于时域耦合分析法,建立了母船-深海采矿装备-脐带缆三维非线性水动力学模型,并对布放及回收过程中脐带缆的水动力响应特性进行了数值计算与分析。结果表明,4级海况时,深海采矿装备(水中重10 t)可以在速度0.8 m/s条件下安全布放和回收;在波浪和海流共同作用下,深海采矿装备在布放开始阶段和回收结束阶段都有强烈的振荡和摆幅,可安装防摇止荡装置来降低振荡和摆动。

深海采矿装备  /  深海采矿系统  /  布放  /  回收  /  脐带缆  /  动力学响应

Based on the time-domain coupling analysis method, a three-dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamic model for mother vessel, deep-sea mining equipment and umbilical cable was established, and numerical calculation and analysis were also conducted for the hydrodynamic response characteristics of umbilical cable during launch and recovery. The results show that deep-sea mining equipment (weighing 10 t in water) can be safely launched and recovered at a speed of 0.8 m/s under condition of sea state 4. Due to the influence of both waves and currents, the deep-sea mining equipment will have strong oscillations and swings at the beginning of launch and at the end of recovery, which can be reduced by installing anti-swaying devices.

deep-sea mining equipment  /  deep-sea mining system  /  launch  /  recovery  /  umbilical cable  /  dynamic response
王伟, 陈时平, 张明, 双志, 吴卓. 深海采矿装备布放回收过程中脐带缆动力学响应特性研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 12 -15 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.003
Wei WANG, Shiping CHEN, Ming ZHANG, Zhi SHUANG, Zhuo WU. Dynamic Response Characteristics of Umbilical Cable During Launch and Recovery of Deep-Sea Mining Equipment[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (1) : 12 -15 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.003
深海中蕴藏丰富的矿产资源,主要有多金属结核、富钴结壳和多金属硫化物等[1-2]。基于深海采矿系统的复杂性,目前大部分研究人员通过理论分析或仿真模拟的方式来开展系统的力学特征分析[3-4]。在脐带缆动力学响应特性分析方面,徐昱等[5-6]利用动力学分析软件Adams对采矿机的布放及回收过程进行仿真,计算了脐带缆的载荷变化情况;金永平等[7]提出基于随机不规则波浪机理的深海采矿装备布放及回收过程中脐带缆动力学随机数值仿真方法,获取了不同水深和海况条件下脐带缆动态响应规律;施兴华等[8]通过软件OrcaFlex搭建了母船-脐带缆-ROV水动力模型,计算了不同工况下脐带缆的水动力响应。本文以深海采矿装备布放及回收过程中脐带缆动力学响应特性为研究对象,建立了母船-深海采矿装备-脐带缆三维非线性水动力学模型,对布放及回收过程中脐带缆水动力学响应特性进行分析和研究,为全海深采矿装备脐带缆的安全使用提供工程指导。
时域耦合分析法是直接数值求解动力方程的方法,它允许计入系统的所有非线性项,用于处理强非线性问题,能够真实反映复杂海况下研究对象的运动情况。该方法将母船和脐带缆作为一个整体进行分析,在每一个时间步中用迭代方法同时求解[9-10]
母船耦合运动方程表达式为:
RIrt)可表示为:
RDrt)可表示为:
式中RIRDRSRE分别表示惯性力、阻尼力、内部结构力、外力与结构位移和速度之间的耦合作用力,N;r为位移,m;MSMFMH分别为结构质量矩阵、内部流质量矩阵、结构加速度的水动力矩阵,kg;CSCDCH分别为内部结构阻尼矩阵、特定离散阻尼矩阵、水动力阻尼矩阵,kg/s。RSrt)的计算基于单元每一瞬时的应力状态,RErt)主要包括重力、浮力、海洋环境载荷、脐带缆作用力和海底作用力等。
在水动力计算软件OrcaFlex中建立完整的深海采矿装备总体水动力模型,包括海底固定边界、脐带缆、母船、海洋水文环境条件等。水深设置为6 000 m,以水面为坐标基准面。
波浪模型选用Jonswap谱,谱形参数γ=3.3。海底采矿装备一般要求满足4级海况条件下可进行安全回收作业。海况条件设置为4级,有义波高2.5 m,过零周期7.0 s。海流速度随水深的变化如图1所示。从图1可以看出,水表面流速最大,为1.2 m/s;随着水深增加,流速快速衰减,水深达到4 000 m时,流速不再衰减,维持在0.2 m/s。深水区域流速较小,基本无变化。在浪向、风向和流向的设置过程中考虑最危险的情况,设浪向和流向为同向,设置为180°,风速设置为10 m/s,风向为90°。
母船在波浪和海流的作用下产生运动,进而影响深海采矿装备的布放和回收过程。母船主尺度参数如表1所示(由中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院提供)。母船设置为空载工况,计算采用的重心位置与RAO原点位置相同,母船的初始位置为(2.6,0,z),其中母船中心到月池中心的距离为2.6 m,z为变量,根据船舶载况变化而变化,月池开口尺寸8 m×8 m。
全海深脐带缆总体结构采用3芯动力单元和2芯控制单元共计5芯结构,其详细参数如表2所示(由自然资源部第二海洋研究所提供)。将深海采矿装备设置为一个六自由度的浮体进行考虑,定义的主尺度和其他参数如表3所示。
布放过程中深海采矿装备脐带缆张力随时间的变化曲线如图2所示。从图2可以看出,脐带缆张力的变化大致可划分为三个阶段。第一个阶段,脐带缆张力值变化剧烈,最大张力值达253.3 kN;第二阶段,随着布放水深增加,波浪和母船的运动对深海采矿装备的影响减弱,张力值基本稳定在93.0 kN附近;第三阶段为深海采矿装备布放着地后,此时脐带缆张力均匀减小至0。
图3给出了深海采矿装备在水平和垂直方向上的位移和速度变化曲线。
水平方向,采矿装备的运动状态可分为两个阶段。第一个阶段,采矿装备的水平摆动位移较大,最大摆动幅度达0.66 m,速度最大达0.12 m/s。进入第二个阶段,随着布放水深增加,水平方向摆动幅度基本稳定在0.20 m以内,速度基本稳定在0.005 m/s。
垂直方向,采矿装备的运动状态大致可分为三个阶段。第一阶段,装备的垂向速度较大,波动剧烈,最大速度可达6.5 m/s;第二个阶段,随着布放水深增加,速度基本稳定在0.2~1.5 m/s之间;触地之后,即第三个阶段,垂向速度又出现了一定的振荡。
深海采矿装备布放阶段,脐带缆张力值在布放初期变化剧烈,最大值约为253.3 kN;布放初期水平和垂向运动也较为剧烈。因此,在布放时,要对深海采矿装备进行止荡处理。布放时,环境载荷和船舶运动对深海采矿装备产生显著影响的水深大约在500 m以内。水深超过500 m后,脐带缆张力和深海采矿装备的运动状态均较为稳定。深海采矿装备着地阶段,出现了垂向速度的波动和增大,为了使深海采矿装备平稳着地,应在深海采矿装备着地前适当降低布放速度。
回收过程中深海采矿装备脐带缆张力随时间的变化如图4所示。从图4可以看出,脐带缆张力值的变化大致可分为三个阶段。第一阶段,即开始回收时,张力逐渐增加,当张力达到91 kN时,可将深海采矿装备进行回收;第二阶段,脐带缆张力值基本稳定在91 kN左右;随着回收过程的进行,进入到第三阶段,此时水深减小至150 m,脐带缆张力值开始波动,随着水深进一步减小,波动越来越剧烈,此阶段波浪和海流以及船舶的运动对回收过程影响显著,张力最大值达809 kN。
图5给出了回收过程中深海采矿装备在水平和垂直方向上的位移以及速度变化曲线。
水平方向,深海采矿装备的运动状态大致可分为两个阶段。第一个阶段,深海采矿装备位于水面150 m以下时,基本无水平方向的位移;第二个阶段,回收至离水面150 m以内时,水平方向位移开始急剧增大,幅度达30 m。水平速度的变化呈现同样的规律。
垂直方向,深海采矿装备的运动状态大致可以分为三个阶段。第一个阶段,脐带缆张力值还未达到能够提升深海采矿装备的临界张力值时,垂向位移和速度均为0;第二个阶段,回收过程中深海采矿装备处于水深150 m以下时,垂向速度在0.2~1.8 m/s波动;第三个阶段,深海采矿装备处于水深150 m以内时,垂向速度出现剧烈振荡,且速度出现急剧增大,最高速度达12.45 m/s。
深海采矿装备回收阶段,当其位于水深150 m以下时,整个过程较为平稳,脐带缆张力值稳定在91 kN左右,水平方向基本无位移,垂向方向无振荡。回收至水深150 m以内时,深海采矿装备在海洋环境和母船运动的影响下,脐带缆的张力值开始出现波动,随着回收的进行,波动越来越剧烈,脐带缆张力最大值达809 kN。水平和垂直方向的速度也呈现相同的规律。在回收的末期,需做好止荡工作。
基于时域耦合分析法,建立了母船-深海采矿装备-脐带缆三维非线性水动力学模型,并对深海采矿装备布放及回收过程中脐带缆的水动力学响应特性进行计算分析,得到以下结论:
1)布放阶段,500 m水深内脐带缆张力值以及采矿装备的水平和垂向运动变化剧烈,脐带缆最大张力值253.3 kN,深海采矿装备水平最大摆幅达0.66 m、水平速度0.12 m/s、垂向速度6.5 m/s;回收阶段,回收至150 m水深时脐带缆张力达到最大值809 kN,深海采矿装备水平最大摆幅达30 m、水平速度9.73 m/s、垂向速度12.45 m/s。
2)4级海况下,深海采矿装备(水中重10 t)在速度0.8 m/s条件下布放和回收时,布放过程脐带缆最大张力达253.3 kN,回收过程脐带缆最大张力达809 kN,均小于脐带缆安全工作载荷1 000 kN,从理论上可实现深海采矿装备的安全布放和回收。
3)波浪和海流共同作用下,深海采矿装备在布放开始阶段和回收结束阶段都有强烈的振荡和摆动,有必要通过防摇止荡装置来降低振荡和摆动,使整个布放和回收过程更加稳定顺滑。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2801704)
  • 2020年度湖南省科技重大专项(2020GK1020)
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.003
  • 接收时间:2023-08-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-26
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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2801704)
2020年度湖南省科技重大专项(2020GK1020)
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    长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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