Article(id=1241768036533866620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692720000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990170844, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1706716800000, pubDateStr=2024-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990170844, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990170844, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990170844, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241768035548205179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990170609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993209826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241780783011140021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241780783015334326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=16, endPage=20, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241768037360144517, articleId=1241768036533866620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Influence of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Overlying Filler on Shear Strength Characteristics of Composite Liner Interface, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The influences of physical and mechanical properties of overlying filler on the shear strength characteristics of composite liner interface were studied by adopting a modified ZLB-1 triple rheological direct shear apparatus, and shear stress-strain curves of overlying filler under different normal stresses were obtained. The experimental results show that both clay and sand present displacement softening behavior, which becomes more obvious with the increase of sand content. Among the interface of composite liners, the interface between geomembrane and sodium bentonite pad has the lowest friction coefficient, and the friction coefficient in saturated state is significantly lower than that in the unsaturated state. As the sand content increases, the pseudo-cohesion between the interface of composite liner decreases, while the pseudo-friction angle initially decreases, and then increases followed by another decrease. As the water content increases, both the pseudo-cohesion and pseudo-friction angle decrease after an initial increase.

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采用改进ZLB-1型三联流变直剪仪研究了填料特性对复合衬垫界面剪切特性的影响,得到上覆层填料不同物理力学特性在不同法向应力下的剪切应力-位移曲线。结果表明,黏土与砂土均出现了位移软化现象,且随含砂率增加,位移软化现象更明显;土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面在复合衬垫界面中摩擦系数最低,且饱和状态下界面摩擦系数明显低于非饱和状态下界面摩擦系数。含砂率增加,复合衬垫界面间似黏聚力降低,似摩擦角先降低后增加再降低;含水率增加,似黏聚力和似摩擦角均先增大后减小。

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杨贵花(1966—),女,湖南桃江人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为矿区(水文)地质、地下水、地质灾害防治。E-mail:

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杨贵花(1966—),女,湖南桃江人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为矿区(水文)地质、地下水、地质灾害防治。E-mail:

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最大干密度/(g·cm-3液限/%塑限/%塑性指数最优含水率/%黏聚力/kPa内摩擦角/(°)
1.8638.818.620.215.1418.0419.03
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黏土物理力学指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
最大干密度/(g·cm-3液限/%塑限/%塑性指数最优含水率/%黏聚力/kPa内摩擦角/(°)
1.8638.818.620.215.1418.0419.03
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颗粒密度/(g·cm-3平均粒径/mm孔隙比不均匀系数曲率系数
2.560.380.725.62.16
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砂土物理力学指标

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颗粒密度/(g·cm-3平均粒径/mm孔隙比不均匀系数曲率系数
2.560.380.725.62.16
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密度/(g·cm-3渗透系数/(cm·s-1屈服强度/N屈服伸长率/%断裂伸长率/%刺穿强度/N厚度/mm
0.94≤1×10-1321.9407005001.5
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土工膜物理力学参数

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密度/(g·cm-3渗透系数/(cm·s-1屈服强度/N屈服伸长率/%断裂伸长率/%刺穿强度/N厚度/mm
0.94≤1×10-1321.9407005001.5
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CBR顶强力/kN等效孔径/mm垂直渗透系数/(cm·s-1断裂强度/(N·mm-2断裂伸长率/%厚度/mm
4.70.05~0.1510-1~10-32835~754
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土工布物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CBR顶强力/kN等效孔径/mm垂直渗透系数/(cm·s-1断裂强度/(N·mm-2断裂伸长率/%厚度/mm
4.70.05~0.1510-1~10-32835~754
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抗拉强度/N膨胀系数/[(mL·(2g)-1]流体损耗/mL剥离强度/N渗透系数/(cm·s-1浸润抗拉强度/kPa
4502319608×10-922
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钠基膨润土垫物理力学参数

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抗拉强度/N膨胀系数/[(mL·(2g)-1]流体损耗/mL剥离强度/N渗透系数/(cm·s-1浸润抗拉强度/kPa
4502319608×10-922
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上覆层填料物理力学特性对复合衬垫界面剪切特性影响研究
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杨贵花 1 , 王湘春 2 , 贺建清 2 , 陈秋南 2 , 李军伟 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024,44(1): 16-20
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024, 44(1): 16-20
上覆层填料物理力学特性对复合衬垫界面剪切特性影响研究
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杨贵花1 , 王湘春2, 贺建清2, 陈秋南2, 李军伟3
作者信息
  • 1.湖南省地质调查所,湖南 长沙 410014
  • 2.湖南科技大学 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测省重点实验室,湖南 湘潭 411100
  • 3.湖南省自然资源调查所,湖南 长沙 410014
  • 杨贵花(1966—),女,湖南桃江人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为矿区(水文)地质、地下水、地质灾害防治。E-mail:

Influence of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Overlying Filler on Shear Strength Characteristics of Composite Liner Interface
Guihua YANG1 , Xiangchun WANG2, Jianqing HE2, Qiunan CHEN2, Junwei LI3
Affiliations
  • 1.Geological Survey Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410014, Hunan, China
  • 2.Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering for Stability Control and Health Monitoring, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411100, Hunan, China
  • 3.Natural Resources Survey Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410014, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.004
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采用改进ZLB-1型三联流变直剪仪研究了填料特性对复合衬垫界面剪切特性的影响,得到上覆层填料不同物理力学特性在不同法向应力下的剪切应力-位移曲线。结果表明,黏土与砂土均出现了位移软化现象,且随含砂率增加,位移软化现象更明显;土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面在复合衬垫界面中摩擦系数最低,且饱和状态下界面摩擦系数明显低于非饱和状态下界面摩擦系数。含砂率增加,复合衬垫界面间似黏聚力降低,似摩擦角先降低后增加再降低;含水率增加,似黏聚力和似摩擦角均先增大后减小。

上覆层  /  填料  /  直剪仪  /  衬垫材料  /  防渗材料  /  界面摩擦系数

The influences of physical and mechanical properties of overlying filler on the shear strength characteristics of composite liner interface were studied by adopting a modified ZLB-1 triple rheological direct shear apparatus, and shear stress-strain curves of overlying filler under different normal stresses were obtained. The experimental results show that both clay and sand present displacement softening behavior, which becomes more obvious with the increase of sand content. Among the interface of composite liners, the interface between geomembrane and sodium bentonite pad has the lowest friction coefficient, and the friction coefficient in saturated state is significantly lower than that in the unsaturated state. As the sand content increases, the pseudo-cohesion between the interface of composite liner decreases, while the pseudo-friction angle initially decreases, and then increases followed by another decrease. As the water content increases, both the pseudo-cohesion and pseudo-friction angle decrease after an initial increase.

overlay  /  filler  /  direct shear instrument  /  liner material  /  anti-seepage material  /  interface friction coefficient
杨贵花, 王湘春, 贺建清, 陈秋南, 李军伟. 上覆层填料物理力学特性对复合衬垫界面剪切特性影响研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 16 -20 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.004
Guihua YANG, Xiangchun WANG, Jianqing HE, Qiunan CHEN, Junwei LI. Influence of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Overlying Filler on Shear Strength Characteristics of Composite Liner Interface[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (1) : 16 -20 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.004
为防止生活垃圾对地下水和地表水的污染,同时防止地下水进入填埋场,现代垃圾填埋场底部必须进行防渗处理。防渗处理时应根据填埋场工程地质与水文地质条件选择天然或人工合成衬垫的防渗系统。人工合成衬垫防渗系统应采用复合衬垫防渗结构[1]。但复合衬垫防渗系统界面材料抗剪强度较低,在较高的剪切力作用下,容易形成薄弱界面致使填埋场沿复合衬垫界面防渗层发生整体剪切破坏,因此防渗系统在防渗的同时也增加了填埋场失稳和变形的可能性[2]
自1988年美国Kettleman Hills填埋场沿底部复合衬垫界面发生滑坡以来,国内外对填埋场复合衬垫开展了大量试验研究[3]。Koerner R M等研究了渗滤液对填埋场复合衬垫界面稳定性的影响[4];谢海建等对我国四类衬垫系统防污性能进行对比分析[5];施建勇等对垃圾填埋场土工合成材料的界面特性试验方法展开了研究[6];侯娟等对土工膜-土工布界面动力剪切特性进行了试验研究[7];Triplett E J等对HDPE土工膜/土工合成黏土衬垫界面的抗剪强度进行了试验[8];林海等研究了温度对土工膜岩土力学性质的影响[9];王艳丽等进行了复合土工膜与防渗墙连接的大型剪切试验[10];贺建清等对多层复合衬垫界面剪切特性展开试验研究[11];徐林荣等对土工格栅与膨胀土界面摩擦阻力系数进行了试验研究[12];杨广庆等认为土与土工合成材料之间的直剪摩擦阻力由两部分组成:一部分为土工合成材料之间的直剪摩擦力,另一部分为土工合成材料与区域土体之间的直剪摩擦力[13]
本文在已有研究基础上,利用改进ZLB-1型三联流变直剪仪研究上覆层填料物理力学特性对复合衬垫界面剪切特性的影响,为填埋场复合衬垫界面的剪切力学特性提供试验基础。
上覆层填料选用砾石、砂土及黏土,试验试样均取自垃圾填埋场附近。砾石颗粒级配曲线见图1,黏土物理力学指标见表1,砂土物理力学指标见表2。复合衬垫界面材料均为长沙建益新材料有限公司生产。选用1.5 mm厚光面土工膜,其技术性能指标见表3;选用长纤维土工布,其技术性能指标见表4;膨润土复合防水垫简称GCL,它由上下两层土工织物和中间层钠基膨润土粒层组成,具有高膨胀性和高吸水性能,钠基膨润土垫技术性能指标见表5
三联流变直剪仪能有效降低剪切面上摩擦力造成的正压应力误差[13],但不适用于测定复合衬垫界面剪切特性。需要对其进行相应改进,改进后的剪切流变仪如图2所示。仪器仍由可移动的下剪切盒和固定的上剪切盒构成。不同的是,重新加工后的上剪切盒高度增加了5 mm、下剪切盒高度降低了5 mm。在剪切盒接触面上下端口各开深1 mm、直径71 mm的阶梯式卡槽,用以将衬垫材料嵌入卡槽中,确保剪切过程中复合衬垫界面与填料之间不产生相对滑动,且不发生褶皱等其他方式的变形。试验时,法向应力通过砝码杠杆加载在上覆层填料上,水平推力施加于上剪切盒,使试样沿上、下剪切盒接触复合衬垫界面产生剪切位移。
1)在下部剪切盒底部放入透水石和滤纸后采用压实度为95%的黏土填充,将下剪切盒土样高度修整至与下部阶梯式卡槽底部阶梯齐平,按照工程实际情况在其上依次铺设衬垫材料。
2)分别采用黏土、不同含砂率的砂黏土(0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8)、砂土、不同含水率的黏土(12%、14%、16%、饱和)和砾石填充上部剪切盒。按照GB 50869—2013生活垃圾卫生填埋处理技术规范[1]要求,将复合衬垫材料水平镶嵌在上剪切盒底部阶梯式卡槽中,利用阶梯式卡槽固定复合衬垫材料的位置以确保剪切过程中不发生其他方式的变形破坏。
3)在下剪切盒与滑动滚珠之间均匀涂抹一层润滑油以减少剪切盒与滑轮的摩阻力,随后插上固定销,并将剪切盒放入滑动滚珠相应位置上,使得量力环与上剪切盒前端接触、剪切位移计与下剪切盒接触。
4)施加一定法向应力,并记录初始垂直位移读数。手动摇动加载装置,以剪切速度1 mm/min进行剪切,每剪切0.1 mm采集剪应力大小。当量力环读数不变或衰退时,记录读数,并认为试样发生剪切破坏。
剪切盒填充方式见图3
土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面剪切应力-位移曲线如图4所示。从图4可以发现,剪切应力-位移曲线可以划分为峰前区域和峰后区域两个阶段。峰前区域,复合衬垫界面剪切应力随剪切位移增加而增加;达到剪切应力峰值τp后,部分试样出现了峰值后剪切应力的降低,最终降低至峰后强度τr。原因与塑性剪切功和不可恢复塑性剪切位移有关。后续分析中对于位移软化型曲线均以剪切应力峰值τp作为接触面的最大剪切强度。
文献[14]提出了以下理论方程来理解土工合成材料的抗剪强度:
根据试验结果,直接剪切界面摩擦系数可简化为:
式中τds为试验确定的土工合成材料和土体之间的界面直剪强度;τs为土体抗剪强度;直接剪切界面摩擦系数fds是一个反映复合衬垫界面与土体摩擦效应的综合强度参数,与界面类型、筋材粗糙程度和填料特性密切相关。
图5为上覆层黏土在最优含水率(15.14%)下的界面摩擦系数,图6为上覆层黏土与复合衬垫界面均处于饱和状态下的界面摩擦系数。由图56可知,复合衬垫界面的界面摩擦系数均低于1,是填埋堆体边坡中的薄弱界面,易发生剪切破坏;饱和状态下土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面作为复合衬垫界面的抗剪强度最低,界面摩擦系数平均值仅0.491。
土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面抗剪强度指标与上覆层填料含砂率及含水率的关系如图78所示。
图7可以得出,随着填料含砂率增加,土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面似黏聚力呈现下降的趋势,含砂率0~0.8时,似黏聚力由5.8 kPa降至3.5 kPa,含砂率为1时似黏聚力急剧降至1.1 kPa;似摩擦角表现为先下降后上升再下降的趋势。随着砂土颗粒含量增加,细小黏土颗粒已经不足以使砂颗粒紧密咬合在一起,克服砂土咬合作用力所需要做的功也迅速减小,导致内摩擦角出现降低的现象。
图8可以得出,随着填料含水率增加,土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面的似黏聚力和似摩擦角均先增大后减小。含水率14%时的似黏聚力比饱和状态下的似黏聚力高4.4 kPa;含水率16%时的似摩擦角比饱和状态高1.41°。
采用改进ZLB-1型三联流变直剪仪对3种不同复合衬垫界面展开界面直剪试验,研究上覆层填料特性对界面抗剪强度的影响,得到如下结论:
1)以碎石为复合衬垫界面上覆层填料时未出现位移软化现象,以黏土与砂土为填料时剪切应力-位移曲线在200 kPa与300 kPa下均出现位移软化现象,且法向应力越大,峰后剪切强度衰减程度越大。
2)相同条件下,复合衬垫界面中土工膜-钠基膨润土垫界面的直接剪切界面摩擦系数最低;饱和状态下界面摩擦系数明显低于非饱和状态下的界面摩擦系数;复合衬垫界面的直接剪切界面摩擦系数均低于1,意味着复合衬垫界面为填埋堆体边坡中的薄弱界面,易发生剪切破坏。
3)复合衬垫界面上覆层填料物理力学特性将影响界面抗剪强度指标;随着含砂率增加,复合衬垫界面间似黏聚力降低,似摩擦角先降低后增加再降低;随着含水率增加,似黏聚力与似摩擦角均先增大后减小。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52078211)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2017JJ30252)
  • 湖南省自然资源厅基金(20230143DZ)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.004
  • 接收时间:2023-08-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-23
基金
国家自然科学基金(52078211)
湖南省自然科学基金(2017JJ30252)
湖南省自然资源厅基金(20230143DZ)
作者信息
    1.湖南省地质调查所,湖南 长沙 410014
    2.湖南科技大学 岩土工程稳定控制与健康监测省重点实验室,湖南 湘潭 411100
    3.湖南省自然资源调查所,湖南 长沙 410014
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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