Article(id=1241768036487729275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692720000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773990170831, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1706716800000, pubDateStr=2024-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990170831, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990170831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990170831, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241768035548205179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990170609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773993209826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241780783011140021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241780783015334326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241768035548205179, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6, endPage=11, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241768036936519808, articleId=1241768036487729275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Distribution of Impact Pressure on Hole Wall in Deep-Hole Blasting with Multi-Stage Axial Air Deck, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to determine the reasonable air-deck length in underground vertical deep-hole blasting, the internal distribution function of impact pressure on hole wall with different air-deck length in multi-stage air deck blasting was analyzed based on the detonation wave theory. According to the Mises criterion, the reasonable reference values of air-deck length were obtained for different kinds of rock, which was verified by numerical simulation and on-site blasting test. The results show that the impact pressure on the hole wall of the air deck drops abruptly from both sides to the center along the axis of the hole, but increases slightly around the midpoint, and the pressure distribution presents a symmetrical W-shaped curve, with much higher values on two sides, lower in the middle section, and slightly higher around the center.

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为确定地下垂直长深孔爆破时合理的空气间隔长度,基于爆轰波理论,分析了多段间隔装药爆破条件下孔壁冲击压力随间隔长度变化的内在分布规律函数;依据Mises准则,得出了不同岩性时合理的间隔长度参考值,并通过数值模拟和现场爆破试验进行了验证。结果表明,空气间隔段孔壁冲击压力沿炮孔轴线从两端向中间骤降,但在中点周围略微增大,压力曲线呈两端大、中间小、中点周围略微凸起的“W”形对称分布。

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唐志恒(1998—),男,四川成都人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为采矿爆破。E-mail:
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楼晓明(1972—),男,浙江东阳人,教授,博士,主要研究方向为爆破控制技术、采矿方法。E-mail:

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楼晓明(1972—),男,浙江东阳人,教授,博士,主要研究方向为爆破控制技术、采矿方法。E-mail:

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密度ρ/(g·cm-3爆速D/(m·s-1爆压/(1011 Pa)A/(1011 Pa)B/(1011 Pa)R1R2ωE0/(1011 Pa)V
0.903 0000.144.710.074.050.950.300.071
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炸药材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(g·cm-3爆速D/(m·s-1爆压/(1011 Pa)A/(1011 Pa)B/(1011 Pa)R1R2ωE0/(1011 Pa)V
0.903 0000.144.710.074.050.950.300.071
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密度ρ/(kg·m-3剪切强度G/MPa完整强度系数A断裂强度系数B应变率系数C断裂强度指数M完整强度指数N
2.51×1036.70×1030.820.285.00×10-30.630.63
参考应变率EPSI最大拉伸应力强度T/MPa标准化最大断裂强度SFMAXHugoniot弹性极限HEL/MPaHEL下的压力PHEL/MPa体积膨胀因子β破坏系数D1
1.00×10-69.120.254.40×1033.70×1030.505.00×10-3
破坏系数D2第一压力系数K1/MPa第二压力系数K2/MPa第三压力系数K3/MPa失效准则FS
0.7025.30×103-4.50×1060.30×1090
), ArticleFig(id=1241779804647784710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768036487729275, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

岩石材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度ρ/(kg·m-3剪切强度G/MPa完整强度系数A断裂强度系数B应变率系数C断裂强度指数M完整强度指数N
2.51×1036.70×1030.820.285.00×10-30.630.63
参考应变率EPSI最大拉伸应力强度T/MPa标准化最大断裂强度SFMAXHugoniot弹性极限HEL/MPaHEL下的压力PHEL/MPa体积膨胀因子β破坏系数D1
1.00×10-69.120.254.40×1033.70×1030.505.00×10-3
破坏系数D2第一压力系数K1/MPa第二压力系数K2/MPa第三压力系数K3/MPa失效准则FS
0.7025.30×103-4.50×1060.30×1090
), ArticleFig(id=1241779804773613831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768036487729275, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石种类普氏系数单轴抗压强度/MPa空气间隔长度/m不耦合系数
不坚固岩石0.8~38≤σc≤302.0~1.41.6~1.8
中等坚固岩石4~640<σc≤601.4~1.01.4~1.6
较坚硬岩石6~860<σc≤801.0~0.61.3~1.4
坚硬岩石8~1080<σc≤1000.6~0.41.2~1.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241779804891054345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241768036487729275, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同种类岩石合理的轴向空气间隔长度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩石种类普氏系数单轴抗压强度/MPa空气间隔长度/m不耦合系数
不坚固岩石0.8~38≤σc≤302.0~1.41.6~1.8
中等坚固岩石4~640<σc≤601.4~1.01.4~1.6
较坚硬岩石6~860<σc≤801.0~0.61.3~1.4
坚硬岩石8~1080<σc≤1000.6~0.41.2~1.3
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深孔轴向多段间隔装药孔壁冲击压力分布
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楼晓明 1, 2 , 唐志恒 1, 2 , 牛明远 3 , 林日宗 3 , 曾令峰 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024,44(1): 6-11
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024, 44(1): 6-11
深孔轴向多段间隔装药孔壁冲击压力分布
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楼晓明1, 2 , 唐志恒1, 2 , 牛明远3, 林日宗3, 曾令峰3
作者信息
  • 1.福州大学 紫金地质与矿业学院,福建 福州 350108
  • 2.福州大学 爆炸技术研究所,福建 福州 350108
  • 3.紫金矿业建设有限公司,福建 厦门 361026
  • 楼晓明(1972—),男,浙江东阳人,教授,博士,主要研究方向为爆破控制技术、采矿方法。E-mail:

通讯作者:

唐志恒(1998—),男,四川成都人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为采矿爆破。E-mail:
Distribution of Impact Pressure on Hole Wall in Deep-Hole Blasting with Multi-Stage Axial Air Deck
Xiaoming LOU1, 2 , Zhiheng TANG1, 2 , Mingyuan NIU3, Rizong LIN3, Lingfeng ZENG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
  • 2.Institute of Explosion Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
  • 3.Zijin Mining Construction Co Ltd, Xiamen 361026, Fujian, China
出版时间: 2024-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.002
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为确定地下垂直长深孔爆破时合理的空气间隔长度,基于爆轰波理论,分析了多段间隔装药爆破条件下孔壁冲击压力随间隔长度变化的内在分布规律函数;依据Mises准则,得出了不同岩性时合理的间隔长度参考值,并通过数值模拟和现场爆破试验进行了验证。结果表明,空气间隔段孔壁冲击压力沿炮孔轴线从两端向中间骤降,但在中点周围略微增大,压力曲线呈两端大、中间小、中点周围略微凸起的“W”形对称分布。

深孔爆破  /  轴向不耦合装药  /  空气间隔  /  孔壁冲击压力  /  数值模拟

In order to determine the reasonable air-deck length in underground vertical deep-hole blasting, the internal distribution function of impact pressure on hole wall with different air-deck length in multi-stage air deck blasting was analyzed based on the detonation wave theory. According to the Mises criterion, the reasonable reference values of air-deck length were obtained for different kinds of rock, which was verified by numerical simulation and on-site blasting test. The results show that the impact pressure on the hole wall of the air deck drops abruptly from both sides to the center along the axis of the hole, but increases slightly around the midpoint, and the pressure distribution presents a symmetrical W-shaped curve, with much higher values on two sides, lower in the middle section, and slightly higher around the center.

deep-hole blasting  /  axial decoupled charge  /  multistage air deck  /  impact pressure on hole wall  /  numerical simulation
楼晓明, 唐志恒, 牛明远, 林日宗, 曾令峰. 深孔轴向多段间隔装药孔壁冲击压力分布. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 6 -11 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.002
Xiaoming LOU, Zhiheng TANG, Mingyuan NIU, Rizong LIN, Lingfeng ZENG. Distribution of Impact Pressure on Hole Wall in Deep-Hole Blasting with Multi-Stage Axial Air Deck[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (1) : 6 -11 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.002
炮孔装药爆破时,有连续装药、径向空气不耦合装药、轴向空气间隔装药等多种结构。在地下采场垂直长深孔爆破时,空气间隔段的孔壁冲击压力会随空气间隔长度变化而变化,从而影响爆破效果[1-2]。因此,需对轴向空气间隔装药时空气间隔段的孔壁冲击压力规律进行研究,以确定空气间隔段的长度。
国内外学者对空气间隔装药爆破引起的孔壁压力方面进行了大量研究,文献[3]采用数值模拟计算方法对不同空气间隔装药采用不同起爆方式爆破时的孔内压力分布规律进行了系统研究,发现沿炮孔轴线上孔壁各点峰值压力并不均匀,装药结构和起爆方式均会不同程度影响孔壁初始冲击压力的分布特征,但并未将该分布特征转换为数理表达式;文献[4]对径向和轴向不耦合装药爆破条件下的孔壁冲击压力分布进行了理论研究,并通过现场试验加以验证分析得出了其分布规律,研究结果为空气柱长度等关键参数的理论和实验计算提供了有价值的参考;文献[5]构建了空气间隔装药炮孔周边应力分布物理模型,并通过数值模拟和现场试验进行了分析,提出了该爆破技术的进一步研究领域;文献[6]通过数值模拟,得到了特定条件下优化的轴向不耦合系数;文献[7]分析了爆炸冲击波与弹性壁的相互作用,导出了爆炸冲击波与弹性壁碰撞后压力增加倍数的理论解。本文在已有研究基础上,对深孔轴向多段空气间隔装药孔壁冲击压力的分布进行理论研究和数值模拟,采用数理表达式表示孔壁初始冲击压力沿炮孔轴向的分布规律,以期确定合理的空气间隔长度,为爆破设计提供指导。
轴向多段空气间隔装药结构由若干空气间隔和炸药柱交替组成,设炮孔内每段空气间隔长度为la,空气柱两侧炸药柱长度为le,采用导爆索起爆,炮孔局部物理模型如图1所示。
为便于研究,引入装药结构单元概念,取一段空气间隔及其两端各半炸药柱为一个装药结构单元,则炮孔内除孔口与孔底之外的大部分区域可视为由若干装药结构单元组成。
根据声学近似原理,在全耦合装药条件下,岩石中的柱状药包爆炸时向炮孔壁施加的初始冲击压力为[8]
式中Pd为透射入岩石的初始冲击压力;ρρ0分别为岩石和炸药的密度;CpDJ分别为岩石中的声速和炸药爆速;P0为炸药的爆轰压;依据爆轰热力学原理,全耦合装药条件下爆生气体的膨胀可按绝热膨胀处理,此时绝热膨胀指数γ=3。
装药结构单元左右对称,故可先研究其左半部分。爆轰波CJ理论中,已知一节长度为l的炸药柱,两端皆为自由面,而炸药柱的侧面不允许产物飞散,则在炸药-空气界面处的爆轰压为[9]
式中PH为炸药-空气界面处的爆轰压。
爆轰波在空气介质中传播并发生衰减,衰减程度取决于炮孔壁的粗糙度(由岩石本身性质决定)和炸药的特性。单元球药包激发的爆轰波峰值压力随距离的衰减关系可表示为[10]
式中P为任意点爆轰波峰值压力;为折合距离,,其中R为该点与爆心的距离,QT为药包实际装药量的TNT当量;α为爆轰波峰值压力沿炮孔轴向的衰减系数,,其中υ为岩石泊松比;B为常数。
设空气间隔段任意点与左端炸药柱的距离为d,又炸药-空气界面处d=0,则空气间隔段任意点受左端炸药柱产生的爆轰波峰值压力P1与距离d的关系为:
同理,该点与右端炸药柱的距离为la-d,联立式(5),该点受右端炸药柱产生的爆轰波峰值压力P2为:
根据异向爆轰波的叠加作用,在装药结构单元物理模型中,两端炸药柱同时爆炸,两列爆轰波大小相同、方向相反,将在空气间隔段中点处相碰。所以有:
式中P3为空气间隔段中点处的爆轰波峰值压力;η为两列异向爆轰波叠加时波阵面压力损失系数。
在整个爆破过程中,爆轰波的爆轰反应并非一瞬间,而是持续了一段极为短暂的时间。孔内药包起爆后炮孔内压力随时间的变化曲线[11]图2所示。
上升时间t1与下降时间t2之和称为爆轰波的作用时间。作用时间与岩石性质、装药量、距离等因素有关。它们之间的经验关系式为[8]
式中ts为作用时间;K为岩石体积压缩模量;为对比距离;υ为岩石泊松比;Q为装药量。
因此,两列爆轰波除了在空气间隔段中点处相碰以外,还持续了一段应力峰值叠加时间,这将在中点周围产生一段应力峰值叠加区域,该区域长度为:
式中dr为爆轰波峰值叠加区域长度;Da为空气中爆轰波波阵面的运动速度。
在此叠加区域内爆轰波峰值压力P4可表示为:
联立以上推导公式可得出空气间隔段各区域孔壁初始冲击压力的分布规律。由于装药结构单元左右对称,设空气间隔段中点为零点,压力分布函数沿炮孔轴向可表示为:
式中Pt为空气间隔段孔壁初始冲击压力;x为该点距空气间隔段中点位置。
根据上述分析,由式(11)可大致绘出空气间隔段孔壁初始冲击压力沿炮孔轴线的变化趋势曲线,如图3所示。
分析函数特征可知,在轴向多段空气间隔装药爆破时,空气间隔段的孔壁初始冲击压力对称分布,压力沿炮孔轴线从两端向中间骤降,但在空气段中点周围因爆轰波叠加作用而略微增大,压力曲线呈两端大、中间小、中点周围略微凸起的“W”形对称分布特征。孔壁初始冲击压力最低值Pminxdr/2处,为:
为了对比不同空气间隔长度与孔壁初始冲击压力的关系,建立了含有单支炮孔的数值模型,为方便展示,将模型沿炮孔轴线对半剖开,如图4所示。其炮孔直径120 mm,采用多段间隔装药结构,共设置6节等长的炸药柱和5段等长的空气间隔。以炮孔圆心为轴,模型左、右长各4 m,向后宽4 m,模型高度根据炮孔长度和装药结构而调整。模型上表面和下表面为自由面,设置反射边界条件;左表面、右表面和后表面为无限介质,设置无反射边界条件;前剖面设置对称约束条件,可以减半模拟计算量,且对计算结果无影响。
对于轴向多段间隔装药结构,分别建立la为0.6 m、0.8 m、1.0 m、1.2 m、1.4 m共5个不同空气间隔长度的装药结构模型,每个模型各炮孔内每节炸药柱长度均为3 m,炮孔两端堵塞长度均为1.5 m,因此模型高度分别为24 m、25 m、26 m、27 m、28 m。为了观察孔壁初始冲击压力,由孔底向孔口沿炮孔轴线方向选取孔壁上的一列单元作为应力监测点,为了减少模拟计算的误差,且避免孔口孔底处炸药受堵塞而反射产生的端部效应影响,选取整支炮孔中间3段空气间隔处的孔壁单元作为有效测点,相同位置应力监测点计算结果取平均值。
运用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件研究轴向多段空气间隔装药爆破,炮孔内爆轰波的传播过程及作用于孔壁的初始冲击压力分布及变化规律。模拟过程中共选用4种材料,炸药材料模型及状态方程分别用关键字*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN、*EOS_JWL定义,岩石材料模型用关键字*MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CERAMIC定义,炸药和岩石材料参数分别见表12,其中参数意义详见模型说明。空气材料模型及状态方程分别用关键字*MAT_NULL、*EOS_GRUNEISEN定义,堵塞材料用关键字*MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM定义,空气和堵塞材料参数按照文献[12]选取。在数值计算过程中,炸药爆轰产物将自动满足条件转化为理想气体,且能够保证在网格中自由流动,空气与炸药采用欧拉网格,岩石采用拉格朗日网格,两者利用流固耦合的方法进行计算。并在数值计算时忽略岩石自重,炸药、岩石采用共节点处理。起爆方式采用同时起爆。数值模型采用cm-g-μs单位制。
由于篇幅限制,这里仅展示空气间隔长度la=1.4 m、炸药柱长度le=3.0 m时轴向空气间隔装药爆破局部运算过程。图5为不同时刻爆炸局部应力云图。
数值模拟计算得到空气间隔长度0.6~1.4 m时轴向空气间隔装药爆破空气间隔段各测点峰值压力如图6所示。结果表明,在轴向空气间隔装药爆破时,空气间隔段峰值压力对称分布,压力沿炮孔轴线从两端向中间骤降,但在空气段中点周围因爆轰波叠加作用而略微增大,压力曲线呈两端大、中间小、中点周围略微凸起的“W”形对称分布特征。数值模拟计算拟合曲线与理论计算拟合曲线基本一致。
图6可以看出,在空气间隔段各测点中,两端最外侧测点(xla/2)测得的峰值压力远远高于其他测点的值,是直接由炸药爆轰透射入岩石中的初始冲击压力。而与该点相邻的内侧测点测得的峰值压力骤降,是由于炸药-空气界面处折射出的爆轰波向空气介质中传播时发生了衰减。在空气间隔段中点周围的测点测得的峰值压力明显偏高,即在此处两列异向爆轰波相遇,产生了一段压力峰值叠加区域。而与该叠加区域相邻的外侧测点测得的峰值压力低,该点不在叠加区域内,且远离炸药-空气界面,爆轰波衰减严重。
纵向对比可以看出,装药量相同时,多点同时起爆的轴向空气间隔装药爆破条件下,在相同位置处,峰值压力随空气间隔长度增大而降低,空气间隔长度1.4 m的中点处,峰值压力已不足0.5 MPa。总体来看,空气间隔段的孔壁初始冲击压力随空气间隔长度增大而降低,越邻近中部越明显。
对于岩石爆破,依据Mises准则,当孔壁初始冲击压力大于岩石动态抗压强度时,会形成爆破粉碎圈和裂隙圈。当孔壁冲击压力恰好等于动态抗压强度时,则不形成粉碎圈,仅形成裂隙圈,既减少了能量损耗,也能达到破碎岩石的目的,而且将对周围岩体的爆轰波峰值压力降到了振动较小值。岩石动态抗压强度与单轴抗压强度之间的关系可近似表达为:
式中σcd为岩石动态抗拉强度;σc为岩石单轴抗压强度;ξ为岩石抗压动载荷系数。岩石动态抗压强度一般为单轴抗压强度的10~20倍。
由此可以得出不同种类岩石合理的轴向空气间隔长度参考值如表3所示。
为进一步验证理论与模型试验所得结论的合理性,选取紫金集团下属某地下矿进行深孔轴向多段空气间隔装药爆破试验。根据力学试验结果,爆区岩性主要为硬岩,故采用空气间隔长度la=1.0 m、炸药柱长度le=3.0 m的装药方式进行装药爆破,并对比装药结构改进前后的爆破效果。炮孔布置及装药结构如图7所示。
现场爆破试验结束后,在安全条件下进入采场观察、拍照,结果表明,没有改进空气间隔装药爆破时,由于岩性较硬,同时炮孔空气间隔段低压区压力过小,采场爆破出现较多大块,采场后期出矿时需要二次破碎,影响后续生产效率;采用合理长度的空气间隔装药爆破后,炮孔空气间隔段低压区压力有所提高,空气间隔段的孔壁完全破碎,形成良好的爆破块度,且降低了爆破振动,减小对围岩和周边巷道的破坏。
基于深孔轴向多段空气间隔装药条件,对爆炸后的炮孔内爆轰波的产生、传播、衰减和叠加等变化过程进行了分析研究,并分区域讨论了空气间隔段炮孔壁上的初始冲击压力值。由理论分析、数值模拟和现场爆破试验,获得结论如下:
1)推导得到深孔轴向多段空气间隔装药条件下爆破产生的孔壁初始冲击压力数理表达式,绘制出了压力沿炮孔轴向的函数曲线,其大致呈“W”形分布。
2)装药量相同、同时起爆的轴向空气间隔装药爆破条件下,空气间隔段的孔壁初始冲击压力随空气间隔长度增大而降低,越靠近中部越明显。
3)根据采场岩性,选取了合理的轴向多段空气间隔长度,并运用空气间隔器进行现场工业试验,结果表明,采用合理的空气间隔长度进行装药爆破,可以形成良好的爆破块度,同时降低了爆破振动,减小了对围岩和周边巷道的破坏。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52109124)
  • 义兴寨金矿河湾斑岩型金矿深孔控制爆破技术研究(01612118)
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.01.002
  • 接收时间:2023-08-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-23
基金
国家自然科学基金(52109124)
义兴寨金矿河湾斑岩型金矿深孔控制爆破技术研究(01612118)
作者信息
    1.福州大学 紫金地质与矿业学院,福建 福州 350108
    2.福州大学 爆炸技术研究所,福建 福州 350108
    3.紫金矿业建设有限公司,福建 厦门 361026

通讯作者:

唐志恒(1998—),男,四川成都人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为采矿爆破。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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