Article(id=1241416387827127142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736438400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773906331258, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773906331258, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773906331258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773906331258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241416382559081210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='223', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773906330003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773908015401, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241423451685179940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241423451685179941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=212, endPage=217, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241416388091368314, articleId=1241416387827127142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Service Performance of Cladded Coating of Austenitic Stainless Steel, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As for the current situation of component segregation and significant brittleness tendency in laser cladded coating of austenitic stainless steel, an austenitic cladded coating was prepared by adopting laser cladding technology, and then effects of preheating and annealing treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and service performance (corrosion and corrosive wear) of the cladded coating and heat-affected zone (HAZ) were investigated. The results show that the phase composition of the austenitic coating after preheating or annealing process remains predominantly austenitic, exhibiting only grain growth and a preferential orientation shift towards the (111) crystal plane. Both the cladded coating and HAZ have decreased hardness, but significant improvement in the tensile strength and elongation. This is because that the heat treatment not only reduces the intergranular fracture tendency of the cladded coating but also improves the ductile fracture tendency of the HAZ. Furthermore, preheating or annealing process can enhance the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the austenitic cladded coating, among which annealing process can bring a significant effect. These improvements are attributed to the synergistic effect of reduced component segregation and enhanced plasticity and toughness in both cladded coating and HAZ.

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针对奥氏体不锈钢激光熔覆层成分偏析、脆性倾向明显的现状,利用激光熔覆技术制备奥氏体熔覆层,考察预热、退火热处理对熔覆层及热影响区微观组织、力学性能和使役(腐蚀与腐蚀磨损)性能的影响。结果表明,预热、退火奥氏体熔覆层物相仍以奥氏体相为主,仅出现晶粒长大和(111)晶面择优转变;熔覆层及热影响区硬度下降,而抗拉强度和延伸率明显升高,因为热处理不仅减弱了熔覆层的沿晶断裂倾向,还改善了热影响区的韧性断裂倾向;其次,预热、退火提升了奥氏体熔覆层的耐磨抗蚀性能,尤其是退火处理效果更明显,归因于熔覆层和热影响区的成分偏析减弱和塑韧性提升的协同改善。

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刘二勇(1982—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事金属表面工程、腐蚀与摩擦学研究。E-mail:
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吉效科(1976—),男,甘肃临洮人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事油气田设备管理与技术、装备研发与制造、装备再制造等专业领域的管理与技术工作。E-mail:

, authorsList=吉效科, 毛勇, 李茂, 张海瑜, 见飞龙, 庄磊, 王玮晨, 王明静, 刘二勇)}, authors=[Author(id=1241422257059328255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416387827127142, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jxk_cq@petrochina.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241422257210323214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416387827127142, authorId=1241422257059328255, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoke JI, firstName=Xiaoke, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Machine Manufacture Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710200, Shaanxi, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241422257327763731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416387827127142, authorId=1241422257059328255, language=CN, stringName=吉效科, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中国石油长庆油田公司 机械制造总厂,陕西 西安 710200, bio={"content":"

吉效科(1976—),男,甘肃临洮人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事油气田设备管理与技术、装备研发与制造、装备再制造等专业领域的管理与技术工作。E-mail:

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吉效科(1976—),男,甘肃临洮人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事油气田设备管理与技术、装备研发与制造、装备再制造等专业领域的管理与技术工作。E-mail:

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Effect of bainite/martensite mixed micro-structure on the strength and toughness of low carbon alloy steels[J]. 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(a)微观形貌;(b)EDS分析

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(a)熔覆态;(b)预热态;(c)退火态

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(a)基体;(b)熔覆态;(c)预热态;(d)退火态

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(a)极化曲线;(b)阻抗

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(a)熔覆态;(b)预热态;(c)退火态

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(a)摩擦因数;(b)磨损率

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(a)干摩擦工况,预热态;(b)干摩擦工况,退火态;(c)乳化液工况,预热态;(d)乳化液工况,退火态

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热处理对奥氏体不锈钢熔覆层微观组织、力学性能和使役性能的影响
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吉效科 1 , 毛勇 1 , 李茂 1 , 张海瑜 2 , 见飞龙 1 , 庄磊 1 , 王玮晨 1 , 王明静 2 , 刘二勇 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(3): 212-217
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(3): 212-217
热处理对奥氏体不锈钢熔覆层微观组织、力学性能和使役性能的影响
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吉效科1 , 毛勇1, 李茂1, 张海瑜2, 见飞龙1, 庄磊1, 王玮晨1, 王明静2, 刘二勇2
作者信息
  • 1.中国石油长庆油田公司 机械制造总厂,陕西 西安 710200
  • 2.西安科技大学 材料科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 吉效科(1976—),男,甘肃临洮人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事油气田设备管理与技术、装备研发与制造、装备再制造等专业领域的管理与技术工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘二勇(1982—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事金属表面工程、腐蚀与摩擦学研究。E-mail:
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Service Performance of Cladded Coating of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Xiaoke JI1 , Yong MAO1, Mao LI1, Haiyu ZHANG2, Feilong JIAN1, Lei ZHUANG1, Weicheng WANG1, Mingjing WANG2, Eryong LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Machine Manufacture Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710200, Shaanxi, China
  • 2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.036
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针对奥氏体不锈钢激光熔覆层成分偏析、脆性倾向明显的现状,利用激光熔覆技术制备奥氏体熔覆层,考察预热、退火热处理对熔覆层及热影响区微观组织、力学性能和使役(腐蚀与腐蚀磨损)性能的影响。结果表明,预热、退火奥氏体熔覆层物相仍以奥氏体相为主,仅出现晶粒长大和(111)晶面择优转变;熔覆层及热影响区硬度下降,而抗拉强度和延伸率明显升高,因为热处理不仅减弱了熔覆层的沿晶断裂倾向,还改善了热影响区的韧性断裂倾向;其次,预热、退火提升了奥氏体熔覆层的耐磨抗蚀性能,尤其是退火处理效果更明显,归因于熔覆层和热影响区的成分偏析减弱和塑韧性提升的协同改善。

激光熔覆  /  奥氏体不锈钢  /  熔覆层  /  热影响区  /  热处理  /  退火处理  /  微观组织  /  力学性能  /  使役性能  /  耐磨性能  /  抗蚀性能

As for the current situation of component segregation and significant brittleness tendency in laser cladded coating of austenitic stainless steel, an austenitic cladded coating was prepared by adopting laser cladding technology, and then effects of preheating and annealing treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and service performance (corrosion and corrosive wear) of the cladded coating and heat-affected zone (HAZ) were investigated. The results show that the phase composition of the austenitic coating after preheating or annealing process remains predominantly austenitic, exhibiting only grain growth and a preferential orientation shift towards the (111) crystal plane. Both the cladded coating and HAZ have decreased hardness, but significant improvement in the tensile strength and elongation. This is because that the heat treatment not only reduces the intergranular fracture tendency of the cladded coating but also improves the ductile fracture tendency of the HAZ. Furthermore, preheating or annealing process can enhance the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the austenitic cladded coating, among which annealing process can bring a significant effect. These improvements are attributed to the synergistic effect of reduced component segregation and enhanced plasticity and toughness in both cladded coating and HAZ.

laser cladding  /  austenitic stainless steel  /  cladded coating  /  heat-affected zone (HAZ)  /  heat treatment  /  annealing  /  microstructure  /  mechanical properties  /  service performance  /  wear resistance  /  corrosion resistance
吉效科, 毛勇, 李茂, 张海瑜, 见飞龙, 庄磊, 王玮晨, 王明静, 刘二勇. 热处理对奥氏体不锈钢熔覆层微观组织、力学性能和使役性能的影响. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (3) : 212 -217 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.036
Xiaoke JI, Yong MAO, Mao LI, Haiyu ZHANG, Feilong JIAN, Lei ZHUANG, Weicheng WANG, Mingjing WANG, Eryong LIU. Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Service Performance of Cladded Coating of Austenitic Stainless Steel[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (3) : 212 -217 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.036
激光熔覆技术是随着大功率激光器发展而出现的一种新兴表面技术,该技术利用激光束将熔覆粉末与基体表面同时加热并熔化,随着激光束移开后在基体的自激冷却作用下形成与基体冶金结合且稀释率极低的熔覆层,有效改善基体的耐磨、耐蚀、耐热、抗氧化等特性[1-3]。然而,激光熔覆技术的急热骤冷特性极易导致熔覆层出现偏析、气孔、裂纹、残余应力和淬硬性差等缺陷,是影响熔覆层成形质量及耐磨抗蚀性能的重要因素之一[4-5]。因此,对激光熔覆层进行热处理调控[6-9],有望消除成分偏析和改善淬硬性,这对提高熔覆层性能具有重要意义。基于此,本文选择调质态27SiMn为基材,利用激光熔覆技术在基材表面制备奥氏体熔覆层,系统研究预热、退火热处理制度对熔覆层和热影响区的微观组织、力学性能和耐磨抗蚀性能的影响,以期为拓展熔覆技术的应用提供技术支持。
选择调质态27SiMn为熔覆基体、1712奥氏体不锈钢粉末为熔覆粉体。其中,熔覆粉体的微观形貌与EDS分析结果见图1。由图1可知,该粉体为粒径50~100 μm的规则球状粉体,EDS结果显示该粉体成分与316奥氏体不锈钢接近。其中,高Ni含量不仅有助于改善熔覆成形性,高Cr、Ni和Mo元素还有助于改善熔覆层的耐磨抗蚀性能。
采用BS-OF-3000-15-4F激光熔覆设备制备熔覆层,熔覆工艺为:功率3 kW、扫描速度7 mm/s、送粉率33 g/min、搭接率40%,所制备熔覆样品标记为熔覆态样品。预热与退火热处理工艺为:选择熔覆基体进行预热处理,温度200 ℃、保温2 h后直接在其表面熔覆,标记为预热态样品;选择熔覆层进行退火热处理,温度420 ℃、保温150 min,随炉冷却,标记为退火态样品。
采用D8 Advance X射线衍射仪分析熔覆层物相;采用VEGA3 XMU扫描电镜及INCA能谱仪分析熔覆层截面、断口、腐蚀和磨损形貌与成分;采用CS2350电化学工作站进行熔覆层的电化学腐蚀测试,测试条件为:质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液、三电极体系(试样为工作电极,饱和氯化银单盐桥式电极为参比电极,铂片为辅助电极);采用HV-1000显微硬度计测试熔覆层、热影响区和基材的硬度,测试参数为:四棱椎体金刚石压头、载荷500 g、保载时间10 s、间隔0.1 mm;采用WDW电子万能试验机测试熔覆层的拉伸性能,测试样品为包含熔覆层、热影响区和基材板状样品,加载速率1 mm/min;采用JB-300B冲击试验机测试熔覆层的冲击性能,测试参数为:缺口半径0.25 mm、缺口深度2 mm的45°夹角V形缺口位于基材处;采用MRT-R4000往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试熔覆层的摩擦磨损性能,测试条件为:干摩擦和乳化液工况(质量分数3%乳化油+质量分数97%去离子水)、试样尺寸15 mm×15 mm×10 mm、对磨球为GCr15钢球(Φ6 mm)、载荷30 N、行程10 mm、测试时间60 mm、频率2 Hz。
不同热处理制度下奥氏体熔覆层XRD图谱见图2。以1712粉体所制备的熔覆层主要为奥氏体组织,标记为熔覆态奥氏体熔覆层。经过预热、退火热处理后,熔覆层未出现物相转变,仍为奥氏体组织。其次,相比熔覆态和预热态奥氏体熔覆层,退火态奥氏体熔覆层的(111)取向显著强化,且熔覆层出现衍射峰尖锐的变化,反映出退火热处理对熔覆层晶粒尺寸、取向的影响更为明显,有望改善熔覆态奥氏体熔覆层的耐磨抗蚀等使役性能。
熔覆态、预热态和退火态奥氏体熔覆层的微观组织如图35所示。图3表明,利用激光熔覆技术可制备组织致密、结合良好的熔覆层,其微观组织从熔合线到熔覆层顶部依次生长为平面晶、胞状晶、柱状枝晶和等轴树枝晶。图4显示,经过200 ℃预热处理,预热态熔覆层仍为致密结构,但较熔覆态样品出现了晶粒尺寸增大的现象,其原因在于熔覆层的冷却速率有所降低。图5显示,经过420 ℃退火热处理,退火态熔覆层的枝晶组织进一步长大,尤其熔覆层顶部出现了粗大的等轴晶组织。经过预热、退火热处理后,奥氏体熔覆层保持了致密、冶金结合的状态,仅出现了晶粒增大的变化。
图6为不同状态样品的截面硬度。经过预热或退火后,不仅熔覆层区硬度降低,热影响区域的硬度更是显著降低。其中,不同热处理状态熔覆层的硬度较为接近,均为(300~350)HV0.5。然而,熔覆层热影响区呈现截然不同的硬度变化。如熔覆态奥氏体熔覆层的热影响区宽度约为0.75 mm,硬度达(645~770)HV0.5;经过预热后,熔覆层热影响区的宽度超1 mm,硬度则降至约590HV0.5,其原因在于预热后熔覆层与基体的冷却速率降低,热影响区马氏体相含量显著减少,这不仅降低了熔覆层与热影响区的硬度,也因马氏体的减少出现塑、韧性提升的现象;经过退火后,热影响区硬度降低更加明显,仅约455HV0.5,原因在于退火过程中热影响区马氏体转变为回火屈氏体组织,而其硬度远低于马氏体和贝氏体[10]
图7为不同状态样品的应力-应变曲线。预热态、退火态奥氏体熔覆层的抗拉强度均有所升高,较熔覆态样品提升约6.0%。其次,退火态奥氏体熔覆层的延伸率同步提升,较熔覆态样品提升约4.5%。热处理尤其是退火热处理明显改善了奥氏体熔覆层的塑韧性,使其具有更优异的使役性能。
图8为不同状态样品的冲击功。选择基体作为对比可以看到,基体的冲击功超过50 J,呈现优异的耐冲击性能。与基体相比,经过激光熔覆后,样品的冲击功大幅度降低。与熔覆态样品相比,预热态样品的冲击功小幅下降,而经过退火后,退火态样品的冲击功明显升高,较熔覆态样品提升约43%。因此,热处理尤其是退火可显著改善熔覆层的耐冲击性能,这对提升其使役性能有重要作用。
图9为不同状态样品的拉伸断口形貌。熔覆态奥氏体熔覆层和热影响区有明显的撕裂棱和细小孔洞,呈现明显的沿晶脆性断裂特性。热影响区和基体的断口出现大量韧窝,韧性断裂特性明显。其原因在于,奥氏体熔覆层以柱状晶为主,导致弱结合的枝晶晶界出现断裂。细小孔洞是由于碳化物颗粒的脱落。对于热影响区和基体而言,近熔合线位置马氏体组织的脆性较大,而远端的大量贝氏体组织呈现良好的强韧性。经过预热、退火后,预热态、退火态熔覆层的断面较为平整,呈现沿着晶界的沿晶断裂特性。而相应的热影响区表面较粗糙,呈现典型的韧性断裂特性。热处理过程导致熔覆层的热影响区出现明显的物相转变,进而改善熔覆层的力学性能。
图10为熔覆基体和不同状态熔覆层样品的冲击断口形貌。基体的冲击断口较为粗糙,呈明显的韧性特性。奥氏体熔覆层的冲击断口形貌分成了熔覆层、热影响和基体3个差异明显的区域。熔覆态熔覆层区域呈明显的沿晶拨出特性,为典型的沿晶断裂机理;热影响区呈现细小的韧窝特性,原因在于激光熔覆的淬火效应导致热影响区出现了再结晶的晶粒细化现象;基体区则出现河流状的解离特性,主要为穿晶脆性断裂。经过预热后,预热态熔覆层的热影响区断口更为粗糙,韧性断裂特性更加明显。但是,熔覆层区的断口特性更为粗大,原因在于预热降低了熔覆层的冷却速率,导致熔覆组织出现粗大现象;退火态熔覆层的基体和热影响区的解离特性显著减少,尤其是热影响区出现了细小的韧窝特性,这是由于回火屈氏体的出现改善了材料的韧性。同时,熔覆层枝晶拨出特性更加显著,有利于提高耐冲击性能。
质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中,不同状态样品的电化学腐蚀结果见图11。从图11(a)可以看出,奥氏体熔覆层极化曲线均分为活化区、钝化区和过钝化区,意味着出现了点蚀腐蚀。对比发现,3种熔覆层的腐蚀电流密度Icorr从低到高依次为退火态、预热态、熔覆态,即退火态熔覆层的腐蚀速率极慢,耐蚀性极好。从图11(b)可以看出,预热态、退火态熔覆层的电容式圆弧半径均增大,且退火态熔覆层的半径更大,表明退火态熔覆层的耐蚀性更优异,而熔覆态熔覆层的耐蚀性差,与极化曲线结果一致。经过预热、退火热处理后,奥氏体熔覆层的腐蚀电流密度Icorr降低,且阻抗Rp升高,显示其耐蚀性有了显著提升,表明预热、退火热处理可以提高奥氏体熔覆层耐蚀性,尤以退火热处理对熔覆层耐蚀性影响更显著。
图12为质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中不同状态样品的电化学腐蚀形貌。由图12可以看出,熔覆态奥氏体熔覆层的腐蚀以点蚀为主,点蚀坑的数量、尺寸随着预热、退火热处理后而减少,尤其是退火热处理对熔覆层耐蚀性影响更明显。从高倍SEM图片可以看到,熔覆层点蚀坑内部为蜂窝状结构,其原因在于熔覆层的晶界因形成碳化铬、碳化钼等而造成的局部贫铬,从而形成了微观电偶腐蚀。经过预热、退火热处理后,预热态奥氏体熔覆层的Cr元素更易于形成碳化铬相,且碳化铬的尺寸增大,从而形成骨架特性更为明显的点蚀坑。EDS成分结果表明,熔覆态熔覆层点蚀坑骨架的Cr含量明显高于熔覆层。同时,点蚀坑边界区域的合金元素含量偏高,有助于抑制点蚀坑的扩大。退火态熔覆层点蚀坑骨架的Cr、Mo元素含量显著升高,意味着热处理过程中促进了碳化物的析出。热处理过程改善了熔覆层的合金元素分布均匀性,抑制了点蚀的萌生与长大,这对提高熔覆层的耐蚀性起到了重要作用。
图13为不同工况、不同状态样品的腐蚀磨损性能。干摩擦条件时,预热、退火热处理的奥氏体熔覆层摩擦因数显著降低,尤其是退火态奥氏体熔覆层具有更加优异的减摩效果。同时,预热、退火热处理后奥氏体熔覆层的磨损率分别较熔覆态熔覆层降低约12.0%和57.0%。乳化液条件时,经过预热、退火热处理后奥氏体熔覆层的摩擦因数同样下降,说明热处理有效改善了奥氏体熔覆层的减摩效果。其次,预热态、退火态熔覆层的磨损率较熔覆态熔覆层分别降低约50.0%和27.5%。因此,预热和退火均有助于改善奥氏体熔覆层在干摩擦/乳化液工况中的磨损性能,尤其是退火态熔覆层具有更为优异的耐磨蚀性能。
不同工况、不同状态样品的磨痕形貌如图14所示。干摩擦工况中,预热态、退火态奥氏体熔覆层表面存在明显的剥落和微犁沟现象,且退火态熔覆层磨损表面更为平滑,磨损机制以磨粒磨损与黏着磨损为主;乳化液工况时,预热态、退火态奥氏体熔覆层磨痕表面以微犁沟为主,磨损机制为磨粒磨损。预热、退火热处理过程熔覆层微观组织的转变以及伴随的力学和耐蚀性能改善是提高其耐磨抗蚀性能的主要原因。
1)经过预热、退火热处理后,以奥氏体组织为主的不锈钢熔覆层组织出现了晶粒长大和(111)晶面的择优转变。
2)经过预热、退火热处理后,奥氏体熔覆层硬度保持稳定,然而热影响区硬度明显下降,且熔覆层抗拉强度、延伸率与冲击性能明显改善,归因于熔覆层的沿晶断裂倾向减弱和热影响区的韧性断裂倾向加强的共同作用。
3)经过预热、退火热处理后,奥氏体不锈钢熔覆层腐蚀电流降低,阻抗升高,点蚀坑区域Cr含量升高,且干摩擦及乳化液工况中熔覆层的摩擦因数和磨损率均明显下降,磨损表面更加光滑,归因于预热、退火过程熔覆层的微观组织转变及伴随的力学和耐磨抗蚀性能改善,尤其是退火热处理效果更为明显。
  • 中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目专题(2023DQ0108-23)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.036
  • 接收时间:2025-01-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10
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中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目专题(2023DQ0108-23)
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    1.中国石油长庆油田公司 机械制造总厂,陕西 西安 710200
    2.西安科技大学 材料科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710054

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刘二勇(1982—),男,河北保定人,博士,副教授,主要从事金属表面工程、腐蚀与摩擦学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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