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The effects of common depressants, including calcium oxide and calcium polysulfide, on the surface zeta potential of marmatite were studied by using dry grinding, and the influence of active ions such as Cu2+, Pb2+ and Ag+ on the surface atomic composition and chemical state of marcasite was explored by using XPS. It is found that after depression by calcium oxide and calcium polysulfide, the marmatite has its surface zeta potential shifted to varying degrees. After the marmatite interacts with calcium oxide, its surface zeta potential shifts positively, with point of zero charge at pH of 6.43;after the marmatite interacts with calcium polysulfide, its surface zeta potential shifts negatively at low amplitude. Both calcium oxide and calcium polysulfide exhibit weak depression for marmatite. After activation by ions like Cu2+, Pb2+ and Ag+, the marmatite has sulfur atoms and metallic atoms on the surface at a ratio of 2.07, 1.34 and 1.07, respectively, all higher than the theoretical value (1.0) of sphalerite. Due to Cu2+ with its ionic radius similar to Zn2+ and Fe2+, facilitating strong ion substitution, marmatite presents a metal-deficient mineral phase on the surface, being bound to the surface S2-;while Pb2+ and Ag+ have their ionic radius quite different from Zn2+ and Fe2+, which can alter the surface phase composition of marmatite by adsorption and precipitation, but bring less impact to the ratio of sulfur and metallic atoms. As a result, polysulfides and sulfates exist on the surface of marmatite.

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采用干式磨矿方法研究了常用抑制剂氧化钙和多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位的影响,并利用XPS探究了Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等活化离子对铁闪锌矿表面相原子组成、化学状态的影响。结果表明:经氧化钙、多硫化钙抑制后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位发生不同程度的偏移;与氧化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向正方向偏移,零电点pH=6.43;与多硫化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向负方向偏移,但偏移幅度较小;氧化钙和多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿的抑制能力较弱;经Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等离子活化后铁闪锌矿表面相硫原子和金属原子的比例分别为2.07、1.34和1.07,均大于闪锌矿理论值(1.0),Cu2+与Zn2+和Fe2+等的离子半径相近,易发生强烈的离子置换,铁闪锌矿表面呈现金属缺陷型矿物相,与表面S2-结合,Pb2+、Ag+与Zn2+、Fe2+的离子半径差距较大,以吸附、沉淀等方式改变铁闪锌矿表面相组成,对表面硫原子和金属原子比例影响较小,铁闪锌矿表面出现多硫化物和硫酸盐等。

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傅开彬(1975—),男,四川威远人,博士,教授,主要从事难处理矿石选矿和固废综合利用研究。E-mail:

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2.SWUST-Liwu Copper Industry Innovation Institute, Sichuan Liwu Copper Industry Co., Ltd., Ganzi 626000, Sichuan, China
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2.四川里伍铜业股份有限公司 西科大里伍铜业产业技术创新研究院,四川 甘孜 626000
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傅开彬(1975—),男,四川威远人,博士,教授,主要从事难处理矿石选矿和固废综合利用研究。E-mail:

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2.SWUST-Liwu Copper Industry Innovation Institute, Sichuan Liwu Copper Industry Co., Ltd., Ganzi 626000, Sichuan, China
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figureFileSmall=pFxgIsw6VjJlKO/Ywn8DNQ==, figureFileBig=AEopUyeYJRBQBMf/l8pyPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422264864920493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416386384286488, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+活化后铁闪锌矿表面相S2p谱图

(a)Cu2+活化;(b)Pb2+活化;(c)Ag+活化

, figureFileSmall=pFxgIsw6VjJlKO/Ywn8DNQ==, figureFileBig=AEopUyeYJRBQBMf/l8pyPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422265011721147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416386384286488, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Zn2p and Fe2p spectra of activated marmatite surface, figureFileSmall=j0+fvU2m5IYd1vAjTGlCew==, figureFileBig=fNn4N+h9J72qcyS56nFpAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422265141744581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416386384286488, language=CN, label=图6, caption=活化后铁闪锌矿表面相Zn2p和Fe2p谱图

(a)Zn2p谱图;(b)Fe2p谱图

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(a)Cu2p谱图;(b)Pb4f谱图;(c)Ag3d谱图

, figureFileSmall=3ozmW2fZp5QbQuGzXSzx3w==, figureFileBig=58+0+45UPY0Zpb3U6Bo6gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422265934468080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416386384286488, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Atomic composition on surface of marmatite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称原子分数/%备注
Zn2pFe2pS2pCu2pPb4fAg3d
闪锌矿(ZnS)50050000理论值
铁闪锌矿+Cu2+2.651.9267.4727.9600实测值
铁闪锌矿+Pb2+19.649.9557.34013.070实测值
铁闪锌矿+Ag+11.494.0440.450022.27实测值
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266077074427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416386384286488, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

铁闪锌矿表面原子组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称原子分数/%备注
Zn2pFe2pS2pCu2pPb4fAg3d
闪锌矿(ZnS)50050000理论值
铁闪锌矿+Cu2+2.651.9267.4727.9600实测值
铁闪锌矿+Pb2+19.649.9557.34013.070实测值
铁闪锌矿+Ag+11.494.0440.450022.27实测值
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干磨过程中抑制剂对铁闪锌矿表面性质的影响研究
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傅开彬 1, 2, 3 , 李贺 2 , 刘泽铭 1, 2, 3 , 孔云龙 1, 2, 3 , 朱乐明 1, 2, 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(3): 104-109
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(3): 104-109
干磨过程中抑制剂对铁闪锌矿表面性质的影响研究
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傅开彬1, 2, 3 , 李贺2, 刘泽铭1, 2, 3, 孔云龙1, 2, 3, 朱乐明1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.西南科技大学 环境与资源学院,四川 绵阳 621010
  • 2.四川里伍铜业股份有限公司 西科大里伍铜业产业技术创新研究院,四川 甘孜 626000
  • 3.西南科大四川天府新区创新研究院,四川 成都 610299
  • 傅开彬(1975—),男,四川威远人,博士,教授,主要从事难处理矿石选矿和固废综合利用研究。E-mail:

Effect of Depressant on Surface Properties of Marmatite During Dry Grinding
Kaibin FU1, 2, 3 , He LI2, Zeming LIU1, 2, 3, Yunlong KONG1, 2, 3, Leming ZHU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
  • 2.SWUST-Liwu Copper Industry Innovation Institute, Sichuan Liwu Copper Industry Co., Ltd., Ganzi 626000, Sichuan, China
  • 3.Sichuan Tianfu Innovation Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Chengdu 610299, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.017
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采用干式磨矿方法研究了常用抑制剂氧化钙和多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位的影响,并利用XPS探究了Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等活化离子对铁闪锌矿表面相原子组成、化学状态的影响。结果表明:经氧化钙、多硫化钙抑制后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位发生不同程度的偏移;与氧化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向正方向偏移,零电点pH=6.43;与多硫化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向负方向偏移,但偏移幅度较小;氧化钙和多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿的抑制能力较弱;经Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等离子活化后铁闪锌矿表面相硫原子和金属原子的比例分别为2.07、1.34和1.07,均大于闪锌矿理论值(1.0),Cu2+与Zn2+和Fe2+等的离子半径相近,易发生强烈的离子置换,铁闪锌矿表面呈现金属缺陷型矿物相,与表面S2-结合,Pb2+、Ag+与Zn2+、Fe2+的离子半径差距较大,以吸附、沉淀等方式改变铁闪锌矿表面相组成,对表面硫原子和金属原子比例影响较小,铁闪锌矿表面出现多硫化物和硫酸盐等。

干磨  /  铁闪锌矿  /  表面性质  /  Zeta电位  /  结合能  /  氧化钙  /  多硫化钙  /  抑制剂  /  活化剂

The effects of common depressants, including calcium oxide and calcium polysulfide, on the surface zeta potential of marmatite were studied by using dry grinding, and the influence of active ions such as Cu2+, Pb2+ and Ag+ on the surface atomic composition and chemical state of marcasite was explored by using XPS. It is found that after depression by calcium oxide and calcium polysulfide, the marmatite has its surface zeta potential shifted to varying degrees. After the marmatite interacts with calcium oxide, its surface zeta potential shifts positively, with point of zero charge at pH of 6.43;after the marmatite interacts with calcium polysulfide, its surface zeta potential shifts negatively at low amplitude. Both calcium oxide and calcium polysulfide exhibit weak depression for marmatite. After activation by ions like Cu2+, Pb2+ and Ag+, the marmatite has sulfur atoms and metallic atoms on the surface at a ratio of 2.07, 1.34 and 1.07, respectively, all higher than the theoretical value (1.0) of sphalerite. Due to Cu2+ with its ionic radius similar to Zn2+ and Fe2+, facilitating strong ion substitution, marmatite presents a metal-deficient mineral phase on the surface, being bound to the surface S2-;while Pb2+ and Ag+ have their ionic radius quite different from Zn2+ and Fe2+, which can alter the surface phase composition of marmatite by adsorption and precipitation, but bring less impact to the ratio of sulfur and metallic atoms. As a result, polysulfides and sulfates exist on the surface of marmatite.

dry grinding  /  marmatite  /  surface property  /  zeta potential  /  binding energy  /  calcium oxide  /  calcium polysulfide  /  depressant  /  activator
傅开彬, 李贺, 刘泽铭, 孔云龙, 朱乐明. 干磨过程中抑制剂对铁闪锌矿表面性质的影响研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (3) : 104 -109 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.017
Kaibin FU, He LI, Zeming LIU, Yunlong KONG, Leming ZHU. Effect of Depressant on Surface Properties of Marmatite During Dry Grinding[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (3) : 104 -109 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.017
随着干旱缺水地区找矿取得新突破,干式选矿正被考虑作为传统湿式选矿替代方案。通过磨矿降低粒度和提高矿物单体解离度是选矿富集有用矿物的前提[1]。磨矿方式和介质影响矿物颗粒表面性质和矿浆溶液化学特性,导致矿物浮选行为变化[2]。干磨对浮选的正面效应体现在三个方面:第一,干磨对硫化矿影响较大,它会使硫化矿表面相对粗糙、存在大量微小结构缺陷,有利于浮选药剂与矿物表面相互作用,提高浮选效率[3];第二,与湿磨相比,干磨的钢球和衬板磨蚀率更低[4];第三,磨矿条件相同时,干磨能产生更多细粒级,磨矿效率更高[5]。磨矿介质类型、机械力大小影响矿物电极电位、表面反应电流以及矿物与矿物之间、矿物与介质之间的腐蚀电偶作用,改变硫化矿表面的氧化还原反应行为,进而改变矿物表面的疏水和亲水性[6]。干磨使矿物表面相组成发生变化是影响其浮选行为的关键,值得深入研究。
本文以铁闪锌矿为研究对象,采用干式磨矿方法研究黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿常用抑制剂氧化钙和多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位的影响,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)探究Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等活化离子对铁闪锌矿表面相原子组成、化学状态的影响,深入探讨干磨与铁闪锌矿浮选效率的关系,可为干旱地区硫化矿开发利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。
试验样品为四川里伍铜业股份有限公司选矿厂的锌精矿。经多次精选提高样品纯度,再经乙醇洗涤、二次蒸馏水洗涤,获得试验用铁闪锌矿纯矿物,冷冻干燥后,以磨口瓶保存备用。该铁闪锌矿中锌、铁和硫品位分别为58.85%、12.67%和26.38%,为高铁闪锌矿,纯度87.71%。
以氧化钙(CaO)或多硫化钙(CaSx)为铁闪锌矿抑制剂。将铁闪锌矿纯矿物与用量2 000 g/t的抑制剂置于玛瑙研钵中研磨,研磨一定时间后,称取0.1 g混合样品至100 mL蒸馏水的烧杯中,超声均化处理3 min,再采用英国马尔文公司纳米粒度和电位仪(Zetasizer Nano ZS90)研究与抑制剂作用前后铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位变化规律,pH值调整剂为盐酸和氢氧化钠。
以硫酸铜、硝酸银和硝酸铅为活化剂,活化经氧化钙或多硫化钙抑制的铁闪锌矿。活化剂用量均为1 000 g/t,活化剂粉末与铁闪锌矿混合干磨30 min,运用赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司的Axis Ultra DLD Kratos AXIS SUPRA型多功能X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)探究Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等活化离子对铁闪锌矿表面相原子组成、化学状态的影响,所有谱峰均以样品中C1s峰Eb=284.5 eV进行参考校正,以消除荷电效应的影响。
干磨使矿物表面温度升高,矿物表面离子反应活性提高,矿物易与空气中氧气相互作用,致使矿物表面元素氧化。延长干磨时间将影响铁闪锌矿表面锌、铁和硫的赋存形态,调控浮选药剂与铁闪锌矿的相互作用。考察了干磨时间对铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位的影响,结果如图1所示。
图1可以看出,随着pH值逐渐升高,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位逐渐降低。铁闪锌矿与溶液界面物理化学反应决定了定位离子形态。不磨时,铁闪锌矿零电点pH=4.9;pH<4.9时,在弱酸性环境中,铁闪锌矿溶解产生Zn2+,H+和Zn2+等阳离子为定位离子,表面荷正电;pH>4.9时,在碱性环境中,以OH-、S2-、HS-和ZnO22-为定位离子,铁闪锌矿表面荷负电。干式磨矿影响铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位,干磨后铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位均向负偏移。在自然环境中,干磨将加速铁闪锌矿(Zn1-xFexS)表面氧化[7]
干磨使矿物比表面积增大,表面金属离子活性提高,产生的热量促进了矿物表面金属离子氧化,超声均化作用导致矿物表面金属氧化物溶解[8],铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向负方向偏移,干磨时间30和40 min时,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位均为负数,无零电点。表明适度氧化有利于提高铁闪锌矿浮选效率,研磨能达到充分暴露矿物表面、降低粒度和适度氧化的目的,适宜的铁闪锌矿干磨时间为30 min。
在铁闪锌矿和黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等硫化矿共存体系中,常用氧化钙(CaO)抑制黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等。干磨时间30 min,氧化钙对铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位的影响如图2所示。
图2可以看出,干磨30 min后铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位为负值,且随着pH值增加,Zeta电位逐渐降低。与氧化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向正方向发生偏移,铁闪锌矿的零电点pH=6.43。干磨导致铁闪锌矿表面锌、铁和硫发生氧化反应,硫氧化为单质硫、亚硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐和硫酸盐,这些反应产物容易溶解进入溶液,导致铁闪锌矿表面锌和铁离子正电荷增加,也表明少量氧化钙对铁闪锌矿的抑制能力弱,印证了表面轻微氧化有利于铁闪锌矿表面疏水组分的生成和捕收剂在其表面的吸附。
多硫化钙为石硫合剂晶体,其直链结构为Sx2-,它能与阴离子捕收剂争夺矿物表面阳离子,在磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿等和铁闪锌矿浮选分离时,多硫化钙能有效抑制磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿[9]。干磨时间30 min,多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位的影响如图3所示。
图3可以看出,与多硫化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向负方向偏移。干磨时,空气中氧气、二氧化碳和水分子等与多硫化钙发生反应,生成的S2O32-、CO32-、S22-、S2-以及多硫化钙直链结构Sx2-与铁闪锌矿表面活性阳离子键合,导致铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位均向负方向偏移,但偏移幅度较小,说明多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿的抑制能力较弱。
干磨条件下,Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+活化后铁闪锌矿XPS总谱如图4所示。采用XPS分析软件Thermo Avantage中的Chemicalstate assessment analysis regions for chemical-state information模块拟合获得铁闪锌矿表面相锌、铁、硫和典型活化剂离子(Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等)的原子组成比例,见表1
图4可以看出,干磨条件下,经Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+活化后的铁闪锌矿表面出现了Cu2p、Pb4f和Ag3d吸收峰,表明Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等与铁闪锌矿表面锌、铁和硫等发生了离子交换、吸附、络合等作用[10],导致铁闪锌矿表面相发生重构,改变了铁闪锌矿表面相亲水性和疏水性。
闪锌矿表面相硫原子和锌原子的理论比值为1∶1,但从表1可以看出,与活化剂离子作用后,铁闪锌矿晶体表面相中锌、铁和硫等原子组成与闪锌矿的理论值相比差异较大,经Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等活化后铁闪锌矿表面相硫原子和金属原子的比例分别为2.07、1.34和1.07。与Cu2+相互作用后,铁闪锌矿表面相硫原子和金属原子之比大于1.0,表面相金属离子缺失,金属原子含量降低,铜离子与锌离子或铁离子半径相近,干磨致热、氧气和水分子耦合,使铁闪锌矿表面相锌、铁和硫等离子氧化,生成氧化物或硫酸盐,经过空气中干磨和溶液中超声处理后,易脱离铁闪锌矿表面,非金属硫离子氧化生成单质硫、硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐或硫酸盐,与铁闪锌矿表层或亚层离子相互作用力较强,不易脱离矿物表面。铅离子半径远大于铁离子和锌离子半径,干磨条件下不易置换矿物表面铁离子和锌离子,对铁闪锌矿表面相硫原子和金属原子组成影响较小,表面相硫原子和金属原子的比例接近闪锌矿理论值。与Ag+作用后,铁闪锌矿表面相硫原子和金属原子之比略大于1.0,铁闪锌矿表面硫元素出现富集现象,金属原子流失,含量降低,形成金属缺陷型硫化物[11]
干磨条件下,Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+活化后铁闪锌矿表面相S2p谱图如图5所示。经过Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+活化后,铁闪锌矿表面相的S2p谱线差异较大,硫吸收峰位和峰数量均不同。与活化前铁闪锌矿相比,Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等离子与硫元素结合,导致Cu-S、Pb-S和Ag-S等改变了铁闪锌矿晶体表面相的键长、能级、电子云分布等。Cu2+活化后铁闪锌矿表面相S2p谱线中162.80 eV处的峰与S2-相关,如Zn-S、Fe-S和Cu-S(Cu2S)等,铜离子以晶格置换方式进入铁闪锌矿表面相,168.92 eV处的峰与铁闪锌矿表面硫深度氧化相关。Pb2+和Ag+活化后铁闪锌矿表面S2p谱线中硫吸收峰数量相同,Pb2+活化后的铁闪锌矿表面硫结合能向正方向偏移幅度大,Pb2+活化后的铁闪锌矿表面相S2p谱线中硫吸收峰出现在结合能168.08、162.27和161.45 eV处,Ag+活化后的铁闪锌矿表面相S2p谱线中硫吸收峰出现在结合能163.43、161.00和160.02 eV处。结合能162.27、161.45、161.00和160.02 eV处的峰与S2-相关,163.43 eV处的峰与多硫化物(Sn2-n≥2)关系密切[12],168.08 eV处的峰与硫酸盐形成相关。
干磨条件下,活化后铁闪锌矿表面相Zn2p、Fe2p谱图如图6所示。活化后铁闪锌矿表面相中锌和铁的结合能发生改变,表面锌和铁原子比例关系差异较大,与Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等离子与铁闪锌矿发生表/界面差异化相互作用相关。经过Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等离子活化后,铁闪锌矿表面相Zn2p3/2吸收峰出现在1 021.86、1 021.71和1 021.77 eV处,与Zn(Ⅱ)(ZnS)关系密切,Zn2p1/2吸收峰出现在1 044.99、1 044.70和1 044.81 eV处,与Zn(Ⅱ)离子存在相关,表明3种活化剂离子对铁闪锌矿表面锌离子影响较小,相互作用较弱;铁闪锌矿表面相Fe2p3/2吸收峰出现在712.45、711.44和711.47 eV处,与Fe(Ⅱ)-S关系密切,Fe2p1/2吸收峰出现在724.97、724.35和723.88 eV处,与Fe(Ⅲ)离子存在相关,表明铁闪锌矿表面铁离子氧化。干磨条件下,经过Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等离子活化后,铁闪锌矿表面相Zn2p、Fe2p谱线吸收峰结合能接近,干磨过程中在铁闪锌矿表面发生化学反应所得生成物经超声处理后易脱离铁闪锌矿表面而进入溶液。
活化后铁闪锌矿表面相Cu2p、Pb4f和Ag3d谱图如图7所示。干磨条件下,活化后铁闪锌矿表面均出现了Cu2p、Pb4f和Ag3d吸收峰,表明Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+与铁闪锌矿表面阴离子结合,或与锌和铁发生离子交换等作用,改变了铁闪锌矿表面相原子组成。经Cu2+活化后铁闪锌矿表面相Cu2p出现在结合能952.26和932.36 eV处,932.36 eV处吸收峰与Cu(Ⅱ)-S相关,952.26 eV处吸收峰为Cu(Ⅱ)的强卫星峰[13]。经Pb2+活化后铁闪锌矿表面相Pb4f峰出现在结合能143.40和138.60 eV处,与铁闪锌矿表面相PbCO3和PbSO4关系密切,Pb2+可能与空气中的CO2发生反应,表面形成少量PbCO3。经Ag+活化后铁闪锌矿表面相Ag3d峰出现在结合能372.85和366.85 eV处,与铁闪锌矿表面Ag2SO4、Ag2CO3和Ag2S关系密切[14]
1)干磨使铁闪锌矿表面形成了热、氧气、二氧化碳和水分子协同作用的微观环境,延长研磨时间能强化铁闪锌矿表面锌、铁和硫等离子氧化反应,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向负方向偏移,干式磨矿30和40 min时,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位均为负数,无零电点。适宜的铁闪锌矿干磨时间为30 min,适度氧化有利于提高铁闪锌矿浮选效率。
2)经氧化钙、多硫化钙抑制后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位发生不同程度的偏移。与氧化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向正方向偏移,零电点pH=6.43;与多硫化钙作用后,铁闪锌矿表面Zeta电位向负方向偏移,但偏移幅度较小。氧化钙和多硫化钙对铁闪锌矿的抑制能力较弱。
3)经Cu2+、Pb2+和Ag+等离子活化后铁闪锌矿表面相硫原子和金属原子的比例分别为2.07、1.34和1.07,与3种活化离子的半径关系密切。铜离子与锌离子和铁离子等半径相近,易发生强烈的离子置换,铁闪锌矿表面呈现金属缺陷型矿物相,与表面S2-结合,改变铁闪锌矿表面硫的结合能;Pb2+、Ag+与Zn2+、Fe2+的离子半径差异较大,以吸附、沉淀等方式改变铁闪锌矿表面相组成,故对表面相硫原子和金属原子比例影响较小,其离子价态无变化,铁闪锌矿表面出现多硫化物和硫酸盐等。
  • 四川省转移支付科技计划项目(210031)
  • 甘孜州科技计划项目(220012)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.017
  • 接收时间:2024-12-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-15
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四川省转移支付科技计划项目(210031)
甘孜州科技计划项目(220012)
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    1.西南科技大学 环境与资源学院,四川 绵阳 621010
    2.四川里伍铜业股份有限公司 西科大里伍铜业产业技术创新研究院,四川 甘孜 626000
    3.西南科大四川天府新区创新研究院,四川 成都 610299
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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