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A processing technique consisting of flotation, low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) and high-intensity magnetic separation (HIMS) was proposed for recycling blast furnace dust. With kerosene as a collector and zinc sulfate as a depressant, a flotation process consisting of one roughing and two cleaning was adopted firstly for decarbonization. Then, the obtained tailings were processed by LIMS followed by HIMS to obtain an iron concentrate, and the zinc concentrate was produced as the magnetic separation tailings. The full flowsheet test produced a carbon concentrate grading 86.16% C at 88.74% recovery, an iron concentrate (LIMS concentrate) grading 55.75% Fe at 67.01% recovery, and a zinc concentrate grading 16.79% Zn at 75.74% recovery. The migration patterns of main elements during the whole separation process were analyzed by using XRD and SEM-EDS. It is found that iron concentrate is mainly magnetite, and zinc concentrate is mainly zinc oxide. The lost zinc minerals left in the iron concentrate are mostly ZnFe2O4 in dispersed distribution. Besides, some processing technique and product schemes are also proposed for the obtained difficult-to-treat HIMS concentrate.

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提出了浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合回收高炉除尘灰的方法,以煤油为捕收剂、硫酸锌为抑制剂,采用一粗两精浮选流程预先脱碳,脱碳尾矿采用弱磁选-强磁选分离出铁精矿,磁选尾矿即为锌精矿,全流程试验获得了碳品位86.16%、回收率88.74%的碳精矿,铁品位55.75%、回收率67.01%的铁精矿(弱磁选精矿)以及锌品位16.79%、回收率75.74%的锌精矿。采用XRD、SEM-EDS等分析了分选过程主要元素的迁移规律,发现铁精矿主要为磁铁矿,锌精矿主要为氧化锌,损失至铁精矿中的锌矿物主要为弥散型分布的ZnFe2O4。针对难处理的强磁选精矿进行了产品产出方案分析。

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江锋(1989—),男,浙江台州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为矿物浮选及固体废弃物资源化。E-mail:
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唐鸿鹄(1988—),男,湖南祁阳人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为矿物浮选及固体废弃物资源化。E-mail:

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唐鸿鹄(1988—),男,湖南祁阳人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为矿物浮选及固体废弃物资源化。E-mail:

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唐鸿鹄(1988—),男,湖南祁阳人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为矿物浮选及固体废弃物资源化。E-mail:

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Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 367: 132909., articleTitle=Current status of the technology for utilizing difficult-to-treat dust and sludge produced from the steel industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422271953293588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=94, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=王碧侠, 刘欢, 张晨露, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王碧侠, 刘欢, 张晨露. 选择性还原法分离高炉粉尘中锌和铁的研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2019, 39(4): 94-97., articleTitle=选择性还原法分离高炉粉尘中锌和铁的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422273551323424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=94, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=WANG Bixia, LIU Huan, ZHANG Chenlu, journalName=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Bixia, LIU Huan, ZHANG Chenlu. 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Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2019, 39(4): 94-97., articleTitle=Separation of zinc and iron from blast furnace dust by selective reduction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422273660375334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=贺芸, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贺芸. 高炉除尘灰中锌的高附加值资源化利用研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2022., articleTitle=高炉除尘灰中锌的高附加值资源化利用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422273769427241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=HE Yun, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Yun. 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Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2022., articleTitle=Research on the high value-added resource utilization of zinc in blast furnace dust, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422273891062068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=111, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=金永龙, 何志军, 湛文龙, journalName=钢铁, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金永龙, 何志军, 湛文龙, 等. 固体碳直接还原钢铁厂含锌固体废弃物的理论与实践[J]. 钢铁, 2019, 54(10): 111-116., articleTitle=固体碳直接还原钢铁厂含锌固体废弃物的理论与实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422274000113976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=111, pageEnd=116, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=JIN Yonglong, HE Zhijun, ZHAN Wenlong, journalName=Iron and Steel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN Yonglong, HE Zhijun, ZHAN Wenlong, et al. Theory and application on solid carbon direct reduction of zinc-bearing waste in steel plant[J]. Iron and Steel, 2019, 54(10): 111-116., articleTitle=Theory and application on solid carbon direct reduction of zinc-bearing waste in steel plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422274079805756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=206, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=FRUEHOLZ R, SASIAIN CONDE A, HABERMAIER C, journalName=Minerals Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FRUEHOLZ R, SASIAIN CONDE A, HABERMAIER C, et al. Zinc removal from metallurgical dusts with iron-and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria[J]. Minerals Engineering, 2024, 206: 108535., articleTitle=Zinc removal from metallurgical dusts with iron-and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422274184663362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=钱贵, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钱贵. 高炉灰含碳量及焦煤热态粉化性能研究[D]. 马鞍山: 安徽工业大学, 2020., articleTitle=高炉灰含碳量及焦煤热态粉化性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241422274356629832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=QIAN Gui, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAN Gui. Study on carbon content of blast furnace ash and hot pulverization performance of coke[D]. Ma'anshan: Anhui University of Technology, 2020., articleTitle=Study on carbon content of blast furnace ash and hot pulverization performance of coke, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241422267264061524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, awardId=2023RC3067, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3067), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241422267415056476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, awardId=2023JJ20071, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ20071), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241422250558148922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241422250566537531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, companyId=1241422250558148922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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articleId=1241416383842538237, language=CN, label=图3, caption=煤油用量对碳浮选的影响, figureFileSmall=7MU4eWFtjILyfdBkTLAlmA==, figureFileBig=VN0k2B2p7gZUq+LMjTGRIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262461584236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Influence of No.2 oil dosage on carbon flotation, figureFileSmall=HaqrNg6/DUsDvPJd5wfsZg==, figureFileBig=+K1mI4e4aQ/SQrzOI8Z5zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262650327930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2号油用量对碳浮选的影响, figureFileSmall=HaqrNg6/DUsDvPJd5wfsZg==, figureFileBig=+K1mI4e4aQ/SQrzOI8Z5zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262805517186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Influence of magnetic field intensity on magnetic separation between iron and zinc, figureFileSmall=gQoykf7H+jt+usU3JHKu0Q==, figureFileBig=PS+sYEaAlyjzS6dCqRLbUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262973289363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=CN, label=图5, caption=强磁选磁场强度对铁锌分离效果的影响

(a)铁品位与铁回收率;(b)锌品位与锌回收率

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(a)弱磁选精矿;(b)强磁选精矿;(c)磁选尾矿

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Analysis results of main chemical components of blast furnace dust

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CFeZnCaSiAlMgPbAg1)
18.0932.815.975.343.932.020.790.8310.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266525863964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

高炉除尘灰主要化学成分分析结果(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CFeZnCaSiAlMgPbAg1)
18.0932.815.975.343.932.020.790.8310.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266613944356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Particle size distribution and elemental composition of blast furnace dust

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒度/μm产率/%品位/%分布率/%
ZnFeZnFe
+25015.036.4930.5615.4814.13
-250+15046.015.2332.7738.2246.37
-150+7426.575.5836.9923.5630.23
-74+455.097.2233.155.845.19
-45+381.729.1829.122.501.54
-385.5816.2514.8014.402.54
合计100.006.3032.51100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266727190571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

高炉除尘灰的粒度组成及元素分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒度/μm产率/%品位/%分布率/%
ZnFeZnFe
+25015.036.4930.5615.4814.13
-250+15046.015.2332.7738.2246.37
-150+7426.575.5836.9923.5630.23
-74+455.097.2233.155.845.19
-45+381.729.1829.122.501.54
-385.5816.2514.8014.402.54
合计100.006.3032.51100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266836242482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Whole-process test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%回收率/%
ZnCFeZnCFe
碳精矿20.620.4486.161.681.5288.741.04
铁精矿40.161.932.0455.7512.954.1067.01
强磁选精矿12.224.802.1244.139.801.2916.14
尾矿(锌精矿)27.0016.794.3519.5675.745.8715.81
原矿100.005.9920.0133.41100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266966265919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383842538237, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

全流程实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品产率/%品位/%回收率/%
ZnCFeZnCFe
碳精矿20.620.4486.161.681.5288.741.04
铁精矿40.161.932.0455.7512.954.1067.01
强磁选精矿12.224.802.1244.139.801.2916.14
尾矿(锌精矿)27.0016.794.3519.5675.745.8715.81
原矿100.005.9920.0133.41100.00100.00100.00
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高炉除尘灰浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合回收过程组分迁移规律研究
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唐鸿鹄 1, 2 , 熊琪 1 , 曾勇 1 , 金兆城 1 , 江锋 1, 2 , 王丽 1, 2 , 孙伟 1, 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(3): 88-93
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(3): 88-93
高炉除尘灰浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合回收过程组分迁移规律研究
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唐鸿鹄1, 2 , 熊琪1, 曾勇1, 金兆城1, 江锋1, 2 , 王丽1, 2, 孙伟1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 2.中南大学 金属资源开发利用碳减排教育部工程研究中心,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 唐鸿鹄(1988—),男,湖南祁阳人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为矿物浮选及固体废弃物资源化。E-mail:

通讯作者:

江锋(1989—),男,浙江台州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为矿物浮选及固体废弃物资源化。E-mail:
Investigation of Component Migration Behavior During a Combined Flotation, LIMS and HIMS Process for Recycling Blast Furnace Dust
Honghu TANG1, 2 , Qi XIONG1, Yong ZENG1, Zhaocheng JIN1, Feng JIANG1, 2 , Li WANG1, 2, Wei SUN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 2.Engineering Research Center of Carbon Emission Reduction in Development and Utilization of Metal Resources, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.014
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提出了浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合回收高炉除尘灰的方法,以煤油为捕收剂、硫酸锌为抑制剂,采用一粗两精浮选流程预先脱碳,脱碳尾矿采用弱磁选-强磁选分离出铁精矿,磁选尾矿即为锌精矿,全流程试验获得了碳品位86.16%、回收率88.74%的碳精矿,铁品位55.75%、回收率67.01%的铁精矿(弱磁选精矿)以及锌品位16.79%、回收率75.74%的锌精矿。采用XRD、SEM-EDS等分析了分选过程主要元素的迁移规律,发现铁精矿主要为磁铁矿,锌精矿主要为氧化锌,损失至铁精矿中的锌矿物主要为弥散型分布的ZnFe2O4。针对难处理的强磁选精矿进行了产品产出方案分析。

高炉除尘灰  /  浮选  /  磁选  /  脱碳  /  组分迁移  /  锌精矿  /  碳精矿  /  铁精矿

A processing technique consisting of flotation, low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) and high-intensity magnetic separation (HIMS) was proposed for recycling blast furnace dust. With kerosene as a collector and zinc sulfate as a depressant, a flotation process consisting of one roughing and two cleaning was adopted firstly for decarbonization. Then, the obtained tailings were processed by LIMS followed by HIMS to obtain an iron concentrate, and the zinc concentrate was produced as the magnetic separation tailings. The full flowsheet test produced a carbon concentrate grading 86.16% C at 88.74% recovery, an iron concentrate (LIMS concentrate) grading 55.75% Fe at 67.01% recovery, and a zinc concentrate grading 16.79% Zn at 75.74% recovery. The migration patterns of main elements during the whole separation process were analyzed by using XRD and SEM-EDS. It is found that iron concentrate is mainly magnetite, and zinc concentrate is mainly zinc oxide. The lost zinc minerals left in the iron concentrate are mostly ZnFe2O4 in dispersed distribution. Besides, some processing technique and product schemes are also proposed for the obtained difficult-to-treat HIMS concentrate.

blast furnace dust  /  flotation  /  magnetic separation  /  decarbonization  /  element migration  /  zinc concentrate  /  carbon concentrate  /  iron concentrate
唐鸿鹄, 熊琪, 曾勇, 金兆城, 江锋, 王丽, 孙伟. 高炉除尘灰浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合回收过程组分迁移规律研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (3) : 88 -93 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.014
Honghu TANG, Qi XIONG, Yong ZENG, Zhaocheng JIN, Feng JIANG, Li WANG, Wei SUN. Investigation of Component Migration Behavior During a Combined Flotation, LIMS and HIMS Process for Recycling Blast Furnace Dust[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (3) : 88 -93 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.014
钢铁行业是国民经济的重要组成部分,2022年我国钢产量约10.13亿t,占全球钢产量的55.3%[1-2]。同时,钢铁冶炼过程除尘灰产量巨大,达到了钢铁产量的10%左右[3-4],且其成分复杂,既含有Fe、C等有价组分,又含有Zn、Pb等有害元素,使得钢铁除尘灰的回收利用困难[5-9],也导致冶金行业成为我国固体废弃物的最大来源。处理和利用这些冶金固体废弃物成为工业绿色化的必经之路,其中高炉除尘灰的高效综合利用是一个重要的研究热点[10-13]
高炉除尘灰的处理工艺[14-16]主要有直接返回烧结、火法处理、湿法处理、火法-湿法联合、选矿回收等,其中选矿处理高炉除尘灰具有低碳、高效的特点。本文提出浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合回收高炉除尘灰中有价组分的方法,查明分选过程碳、锌、铁等有价元素的迁移规律,解析主要产品的物相组成、嵌布特征等,并进行分选产品产出方案分析,旨在为高炉除尘灰的绿色高效综合利用提供参考和借鉴。
实验原料高炉除尘灰来自河北某钢铁冶炼厂,其主要化学成分分析结果见表1。高炉除尘灰主要物相为焦炭、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、氧化锌和铁酸锌等。已有研究表明,高炉灰中碳含量及组成主要受高炉给料焦炭热态粉化特性的影响[17],本文重点考察有价元素Zn和Fe的粒度组成及分布特征,结果如表2所示。高炉除尘灰主要分布于74~250 μm,-74 μm粒级仅占12.39%;锌在各粒级的分布呈现两个峰,77.26%的锌分布于+74 μm粒级,另有14.40%的锌分布于-38 μm粒级,且该粒级锌品位达到16.25%;铁主要分布在+74 μm粒级,粒级分布率达90.73%,且各粒级铁品位基本在30%左右,仅-38 μm粒级铁品位为14.80%。
采用“一粗两精”浮选脱碳,再采用弱磁选-强磁选联合磁选进行浮选尾矿中铁和锌矿物的分离,实验流程见图1
针对主要产品,采用Rigaku D/MAX 2500型X射线衍射仪进行物相分析,采用JEOL JSM-7500F型扫描电子显微镜进行样品表面形貌及元素分析。
基于高炉除尘灰中碳、铁、锌物相的磁性、可浮性差异,开展了碳的浮选富集研究。
给矿量200 g、捕收剂煤油用量708 g/t、起泡剂2号油用量654 g/t条件下,开展了碳浮选磨矿细度条件实验,结果如图2所示。由图2可知,随着磨矿细度增加,粗选碳精矿碳品位提高,碳回收率显著下降。同时,随着磨矿细度增加,碳精矿中锌品位逐渐下降,磨矿细度-74 μm粒级占87.30%时,碳精矿中锌品位降至0.40%,继续增加磨矿细度,碳精矿锌品位变化不大。综合精矿碳品位、回收率和锌含量指标,确定适宜的磨矿细度为-74 μm粒级占87.30%,此时,碳精矿中碳品位85.32%、锌品位0.40%、碳回收率61.97%。
磨矿细度-74 μm粒级占87.30%、2号油用量650 g/t条件下,开展了碳浮选捕收剂煤油用量条件实验,结果如图3所示。随着捕收剂用量增加,碳浮选回收率显著提高,碳品位逐渐下降。同时,碳精矿中锌品位随着煤油用量增加先下降再上升,煤油用量低于700 g/t时,锌含量下降的主要原因是煤油使碳上浮量大幅增加;煤油用量高于700 g/t时,锌含量上升则可能是因为浮选泡沫中锌的夹带量显著增大。综合考虑碳精矿碳品位、回收率和锌含量,确定适宜的捕收剂煤油用量为2 360 g/t,此时,碳精矿碳品位76.44%、锌品位0.59%、碳回收率90.48%。
磨矿细度-74 μm粒级占87.30%、煤油用量2 360 g/t条件下,开展了碳浮选起泡剂2号油用量条件实验,结果如图4所示。随着起泡剂用量增加,碳浮选回收率迅速增加,碳精矿碳品位降低。同时,随着起泡剂用量增加,碳精矿中锌品位上升,起泡剂用量330 g/t以下时,锌含量上升并不明显,继续增加起泡剂用量,锌含量迅速上升。综合考虑精矿碳品位、回收率和锌含量,确定适宜的起泡剂2号油用量为330 g/t,此时,碳精矿碳品位79.76%、锌品位0.46%、碳回收率90.79%。
在磨矿细度-74 μm粒级占87.30%、煤油用量2 360 g/t、2号油用量330 g/t条件下浮选获得碳精矿,浮选尾矿中主要含锌、铁等有价金属,其中锌品位7.20%、铁品位42.64%、碳品位仅1.59%,铁物相以磁铁矿和赤铁矿为主,锌物相以氧化锌和铁酸锌为主,考虑到赤铁矿、铁酸锌为弱磁性矿物,磁铁矿为强磁性矿物,氧化锌为非磁性矿物,采用弱磁选(0.10 T)联合不同磁场强度强磁选对该浮选尾矿开展铁锌磁选分离研究,结果如图5所示。随着强磁选磁场强度增大,磁选精矿铁回收率由80.33%逐渐上升至93.03%,铁品位则由55.25%下降至50.75%;同时,磁选精矿锌品位和锌回收率显著上升。强磁选磁场强度从0.25 T增至1.50 T时,锌回收率由16.16%提高至37.90%,大于铁回收率增加幅度。增大强磁选磁场强度能够提高精矿铁回收率,但同时将导致更多锌损失到磁选精矿中,不利于锌的回收;此外,部分锌以铁酸锌形式存在,增大强磁选磁场强度将导致铁精矿中锌含量显著增大,铁锌分离效率降低。综合精矿铁、锌品位和回收率,确定适宜的强磁选磁场强度为0.50 T时,此时,精矿铁品位53.1%、锌品位2.58%、铁回收率84.57%。
考虑到弱磁选-强磁选联合产出的铁精矿中锌品位偏高,后续实验研究中将含锌较少的弱磁选精矿单独作为铁精矿,强磁选产出的精矿单独作为强磁选精矿,不再合并。
基于条件实验,确定了适宜的浮选-弱磁选-强磁选实验条件。碳浮选时,磨矿细度-74 μm粒级占87.30%、捕收剂煤油用量2 360 g/t、起泡剂2号油用量330 g/t、抑制剂ZnSO4用量1 000 g/t;精选时不加捕收剂和起泡剂,抑制剂ZnSO4用量依次减半;铁锌磁选分离时,弱磁选和强磁选磁场强度分别为0.1 T和0.5 T。实验流程如图6所示,结果见表3。碳精矿碳品位达86.16%、回收率为88.74%,碳精矿中Fe品位仅1.68%、回收率1.04%,Zn品位0.44%、回收率1.52%。弱磁选精矿为铁精矿,其Fe品位55.75%、回收率67.01%,强磁选精矿Fe品位44.13%、回收率16.14%。强磁选尾矿即锌精矿,其Zn品位16.79%、回收率75.74%。由此可知,浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合工艺可实现高炉除尘灰中的C、Fe和Zn有价组分的初步分离。
分选主要产品的XRD图谱如图7所示。弱磁选精矿(即铁精矿)中Fe3O4含量较高,结合铁和锌元素化验结果可推断,该精矿中大部分物相为磁铁矿,锌矿物含量较少。强磁选精矿主要物相为磁铁矿(Fe3O4)、赤铁矿(Fe2O3)、氧化亚铁(FeO)和氧化锌(ZnO)。提高磁场强度可将未回收的磁铁矿及磁性较弱的赤铁矿和氧化亚铁进一步回收,提高铁回收率,但部分锌矿物也将同时被富集,导致锌精矿中锌回收率降低。磁选尾矿(即锌精矿)中主要物相为氧化锌(ZnO)、赤铁矿(Fe2O3)、石英(SiO2)和碳酸钙(CaCO3),其中含锌矿物主要为氧化锌(ZnO),未见弱磁性铁酸锌。
图8为弱磁选精矿(铁精矿)SEM图像及元素分布图。O和Fe元素的分布规律一致,说明铁精矿中以氧化铁矿物为主;Zn含量相对较少,且分布比较稀疏,推测其主要以铁酸锌形式存在,弥散分布于铁矿物颗粒中;Si和Ca元素分布规律一致,推测其主要以硅酸钙、二氧化硅等形式与氧化铁矿物共生。
图9为强磁选精矿SEM图像及元素分布图。O和Fe元素的分布规律基本一致,说明主要矿物是氧化铁;Zn元素与部分O、Fe元素分布相关性强,说明铁酸锌是主要的锌物相,且大部分锌矿物与氧化铁矿物共生,并未完全解离;Si、Ca元素的分布规律与弱磁选精矿相似。
图10为锌精矿SEM图像及元素分布图。颗粒表面不规则、较粗糙且粒径较大,部分锌颗粒以解离形式存在,锌含量较高;局部放大后可以发现,锌精矿颗粒粒径大,但多由众多细小颗粒团聚而成,推测其主要为高炉冶金过程生成的二次颗粒,其中仍含部分石英、赤铁矿等,可考虑进一步除杂富集锌。
目前,浮选-弱磁选-强磁选产出的碳精矿、铁精矿、锌精矿均有望作为冶炼产品销售或使用,但强磁选精矿的处理有待进行重点探讨,可考虑以下产品方案。方案1:考虑到强磁选精矿中部分铁矿物与锌矿物已解离,可考虑强磁选精矿与原矿合并后再磨再选,或单独处理;方案2:将强磁选精矿与铁精矿混合后销售或使用,混合铁精矿Fe品位为53.04%、回收率为83.15%;方案3:将强磁选精矿与锌精矿混合后销售或使用,混合锌精矿Zn品位为13.05%、回收率为85.54%。
1)河北某钢铁冶炼厂高炉除尘灰的碳、铁、锌含量分别为18.09%、32.81%、5.97%;高炉除尘灰主要分布于74~250 μm粒级;锌粒级分布呈现两个峰,77.26%的锌分布于+74 μm粒级,14.40%的锌分布于-38 μm粒级;铁主要分布在+74 μm粒级,分布率达到90.73%,且各粒级铁品位基本在30%左右,仅-38 μm粒级铁品位为14.80%。
2)浮选-弱磁选-强磁选联合处理实验研究结果表明,浮选可获得碳品位86.16%、回收率88.74%的碳精矿,浮选尾矿弱磁选分离可获得铁品位55.75%、回收率67.01%的铁精矿,强磁选尾矿(锌精矿)锌品位和回收率分别为16.79%和75.74%。
3)分选过程组分迁移规律研究结果表明,铁精矿中锌以铁酸锌形式弥散分布,难以再选矿分离;强磁选精矿以氧化铁和氧化锌为主,部分铁矿物与锌矿物已解离,可考虑再磨再选或与铁精矿、锌精矿合并处理;磁选尾矿以氧化锌为主,可考虑进一步脱除石英、赤铁矿等实现锌的富集。
  • 湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3067)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ20071)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.014
  • 接收时间:2024-12-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-10
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湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3067)
湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ20071)
作者信息
    1.中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.中南大学 金属资源开发利用碳减排教育部工程研究中心,湖南 长沙 410083

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江锋(1989—),男,浙江台州人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为矿物浮选及固体废弃物资源化。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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