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Article(id=1241416383792206588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735056000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773906330296, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773906330296, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773906330296, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773906330296, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241416382559081210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='223', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773906330003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773908015401, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241423451685179940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241423451685179941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=99, endPage=103, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241416384916280076, articleId=1241416383792206588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Reverse Flotation of Qidashan Iron Ore with Novel Low-Temperature Collector, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A novel low-temperature collector was adopted in the reverse flotation of Qidashan iron ore. Based on a reverse flotation condition test at low temperature, closed-circuit reverse flotation tests at room temperature and low temperature, as well as the study on the mineral adsorption mechanism, it is found that under conditions including pulp temperature at 10 ℃, pH of 11.0, caustic starch as a depressor at an amount of 600 g/t, CaO as an activator at an amount of 750 g/t, CH collector at an amount of 1 050 g/t, and pulp density of 30%, the reverse flotation consisting of one stage of roughing and one stage of cleaning can produce an iron concentrate grading 68.32% Fe at 70.76% recovery；the closed-circuit tests by adopting a process consisting of one stage of roughing, one stage of cleaning and three stages of scavenging at 10 ℃ can yield an iron concentrate grading 66.32% Fe at 85.14% recovery；while the close-circuit test at room temperature (25 ℃) results in 85.45% Fe recovery into an iron concentrate grading 67.31% Fe. It has proven that CH collector can bring good flotation effect at low temperatures. Infrared spectroscopy analysis, quartz contact angle testing and surface tension measurements indicate that CH collector has a stronger adsorption on quartz surfaces compared to traditional anionic collector sodium oleate.

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采用新型耐低温捕收剂CH对齐大山铁矿石进行了低温反浮选条件试验、常温及低温反浮选闭路试验，并对矿物的吸附机制进行了研究。结果表明：矿浆温度10 ℃、矿浆pH值11.0、抑制剂苛化淀粉用量600 g/t、活化剂氧化钙用量750 g/t、捕收剂CH用量1 050 g/t、矿浆浓度（质量分数）30%时，采用一粗一精反浮选，可以获得铁品位68.32%、铁回收率70.76%的铁精矿；一粗一精三扫低温（10 ℃）闭路试验可以获得铁品位66.32%、铁回收率85.14%的铁精矿，常温（25 ℃）闭路试验可以获得铁品位67.31%、铁回收率85.45%的铁精矿，证明CH捕收剂在低温下仍具有良好浮选指标。红外光谱、石英表面接触角以及表面张力测定结果表明，捕收剂CH在石英表面发生了吸附，且吸附作用明显优于传统阴离子捕收剂油酸钠。

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南楠（1986—），女，河北唐山人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为浮选溶液化学和浮选药剂研发。E-mail：
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郑业超（1998—），男，安徽合肥人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为浮选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail：

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郑业超（1998—），男，安徽合肥人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为浮选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail：

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郑业超（1998—），男，安徽合肥人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为浮选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail：

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figureFileSmall=W8IPTSpoRapol76PFTE1KA==, figureFileBig=sBavRCC3KnkaB3zGl98gtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262176379360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CH用量对铁精矿浮选指标的影响, figureFileSmall=W8IPTSpoRapol76PFTE1KA==, figureFileBig=sBavRCC3KnkaB3zGl98gtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262365123050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Flowchart of closed-circuit test, figureFileSmall=wOXvaBLGSlk2hi2F3n3wrQ==, figureFileBig=vzHWKqLzfCmaGJCs3fBgsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262537089524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=图6, caption=闭路试验流程, figureFileSmall=wOXvaBLGSlk2hi2F3n3wrQ==, figureFileBig=vzHWKqLzfCmaGJCs3fBgsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262679695870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Infrared spectra of quartz before and after interaction with collector CH, figureFileSmall=iXqUMkthuEBiMfhLTEqArw==, figureFileBig=W0IUyPW/fArJT8Ai5TYtMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262830690825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CH作用前后石英的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=iXqUMkthuEBiMfhLTEqArw==, figureFileBig=W0IUyPW/fArJT8Ai5TYtMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422262952325646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Contact angle of quartz before and after interaction with collectors, figureFileSmall=NTKs3rDkFPDD+jy0zib4Yg==, figureFileBig=+MMT1Dz5Kr9hgq8daxHZWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422264579715605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=图8, caption=石英与捕收剂作用前后的接触角, figureFileSmall=NTKs3rDkFPDD+jy0zib4Yg==, figureFileBig=+MMT1Dz5Kr9hgq8daxHZWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422264709739036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of collector concentration on quartz surface tension, figureFileSmall=NZEf99nOltN7+BqPCMQfxA==, figureFileBig=H48lHHTfAHMBB3gY/1LQOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422264822985252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=图9, caption=捕收剂质量浓度对石英表面张力的影响, figureFileSmall=NZEf99nOltN7+BqPCMQfxA==, figureFileBig=H48lHHTfAHMBB3gY/1LQOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241422264961397289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis results of main chemical composition of sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2CaOMgOAl2O3
45.7324.654.184.951.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241422265041089072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试样主要化学成分分析结果（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2CaOMgOAl2O3
45.7324.654.184.951.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241422265154335286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mineral composition and equilibrium distribution of sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物名称矿物含量（质量分数）/%铁品位/%铁分配率/%
磁赤铁矿26.2167.1238.47
赤铁矿27.4568.0340.83
磁铁矿7.8572.8612.51
铁质辉石13.2212.783.69
菱铁矿4.8441.344.37
低铁锰闪石0.656.030.09
石英17.86——
绿泥石0.94——
黄铁矿0.0446.120.04
其他脉石0.94——
合计100.0045.73100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422265422770753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试样矿物组成及平衡分配结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物名称矿物含量（质量分数）/%铁品位/%铁分配率/%
磁赤铁矿26.2167.1238.47
赤铁矿27.4568.0340.83
磁铁矿7.8572.8612.51
铁质辉石13.2212.783.69
菱铁矿4.8441.344.37
低铁锰闪石0.656.030.09
石英17.86——
绿泥石0.94——
黄铁矿0.0446.120.04
其他脉石0.94——
合计100.0045.73100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422265556988484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis results of particle size composition of sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒度/mm产率/%铁品位/%铁分布率/%
+0.0740.9617.000.25
-0.074+0.04312.9617.504.97
-0.043+0.0271.9552.4282.89
-0.02+0.0110.4441.639.06
-0.013.6935.512.83
合计100.0045.80100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422265909310029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试样粒度组成分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒度/mm产率/%铁品位/%铁分布率/%
+0.0740.9617.000.25
-0.074+0.04312.9617.504.97
-0.043+0.0271.9552.4282.89
-0.02+0.0110.4441.639.06
-0.013.6935.512.83
合计100.0045.80100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266047722067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of closed-circuit tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
捕收剂种类矿浆温度/℃产品名称产率/%铁品位/%铁回收率/%
油酸钠25铁精矿56.8766.2682.24
铁尾矿43.1318.8717.76
给矿100.0045.82100.00
10铁精矿54.3662.3875.69
铁尾矿45.6423.8624.31
给矿100.0044.80100.00
CH25铁精矿58.2467.3185.45
铁尾矿41.7615.9814.55
给矿100.0045.87100.00
10铁精矿57.2166.3285.14
铁尾矿42.7915.4714.86
给矿100.0044.56100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266186134108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383792206588, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
捕收剂种类矿浆温度/℃产品名称产率/%铁品位/%铁回收率/%
油酸钠25铁精矿56.8766.2682.24
铁尾矿43.1318.8717.76
给矿100.0045.82100.00
10铁精矿54.3662.3875.69
铁尾矿45.6423.8624.31
给矿100.0044.80100.00
CH25铁精矿58.2467.3185.45
铁尾矿41.7615.9814.55
给矿100.0045.87100.00
10铁精矿57.2166.3285.14
铁尾矿42.7915.4714.86
给矿100.0044.56100.00
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新型耐低温捕收剂对齐大山铁矿石的反浮选试验研究
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郑业超 , 赵通林 , 依爽 , 宋宝旭 , 马芳源 , 南楠
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(3): 99-103
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(3): 99-103
新型耐低温捕收剂对齐大山铁矿石的反浮选试验研究
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郑业超 , 赵通林, 依爽, 宋宝旭, 马芳源, 南楠
作者信息
  • 辽宁科技大学　矿业工程学院，辽宁　鞍山　114044

    • 郑业超（1998—），男，安徽合肥人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为浮选及矿产资源综合利用。E-mail：

通讯作者:

南楠（1986—），女，河北唐山人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为浮选溶液化学和浮选药剂研发。E-mail：
Experimental Study on Reverse Flotation of Qidashan Iron Ore with Novel Low-Temperature Collector
Yechao ZHENG , Tonglin ZHAO, Shuang YI, Baoxu SONG, Fangyuan MA, Nan NAN
Affiliations
  • School of Mining Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114044, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.016
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摘要
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采用新型耐低温捕收剂CH对齐大山铁矿石进行了低温反浮选条件试验、常温及低温反浮选闭路试验，并对矿物的吸附机制进行了研究。结果表明：矿浆温度10 ℃、矿浆pH值11.0、抑制剂苛化淀粉用量600 g/t、活化剂氧化钙用量750 g/t、捕收剂CH用量1 050 g/t、矿浆浓度（质量分数）30%时，采用一粗一精反浮选，可以获得铁品位68.32%、铁回收率70.76%的铁精矿；一粗一精三扫低温（10 ℃）闭路试验可以获得铁品位66.32%、铁回收率85.14%的铁精矿，常温（25 ℃）闭路试验可以获得铁品位67.31%、铁回收率85.45%的铁精矿，证明CH捕收剂在低温下仍具有良好浮选指标。红外光谱、石英表面接触角以及表面张力测定结果表明，捕收剂CH在石英表面发生了吸附，且吸附作用明显优于传统阴离子捕收剂油酸钠。

反浮选  /  铁矿  /  捕收剂  /  耐低温捕收剂  /  低温浮选  /  齐大山铁矿

A novel low-temperature collector was adopted in the reverse flotation of Qidashan iron ore. Based on a reverse flotation condition test at low temperature, closed-circuit reverse flotation tests at room temperature and low temperature, as well as the study on the mineral adsorption mechanism, it is found that under conditions including pulp temperature at 10 ℃, pH of 11.0, caustic starch as a depressor at an amount of 600 g/t, CaO as an activator at an amount of 750 g/t, CH collector at an amount of 1 050 g/t, and pulp density of 30%, the reverse flotation consisting of one stage of roughing and one stage of cleaning can produce an iron concentrate grading 68.32% Fe at 70.76% recovery；the closed-circuit tests by adopting a process consisting of one stage of roughing, one stage of cleaning and three stages of scavenging at 10 ℃ can yield an iron concentrate grading 66.32% Fe at 85.14% recovery；while the close-circuit test at room temperature (25 ℃) results in 85.45% Fe recovery into an iron concentrate grading 67.31% Fe. It has proven that CH collector can bring good flotation effect at low temperatures. Infrared spectroscopy analysis, quartz contact angle testing and surface tension measurements indicate that CH collector has a stronger adsorption on quartz surfaces compared to traditional anionic collector sodium oleate.

reverse flotation  /  iron ore  /  collector  /  low-temperature collector  /  low-temperature flotation  /  Qidashan iron ore
郑业超, 赵通林, 依爽, 宋宝旭, 马芳源, 南楠. 新型耐低温捕收剂对齐大山铁矿石的反浮选试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (3) : 99 -103 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.016
Yechao ZHENG, Tonglin ZHAO, Shuang YI, Baoxu SONG, Fangyuan MA, Nan NAN. Experimental Study on Reverse Flotation of Qidashan Iron Ore with Novel Low-Temperature Collector[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (3) : 99 -103 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.016
正文
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铁矿是我国重要的战略资源。我国铁矿资源储量大，但其天然禀赋差，具有贫、细、杂等特质[1-3]，铁矿石品位较低，需要经过复杂的选别流程[3-4]。阴离子反浮选具有选择性好、稳定性强、产品品位高等特点，是低品位难选铁矿石的主要回收方法[5-6]。
辽宁鞍山地区是我国重要的铁矿资源分布区。但鞍山地处较高纬度的寒冷地区，因为阴离子药剂在低温下选择性较差，阴离子反浮选工艺在鞍山地区铁矿工业生产应用中都需要将矿浆加热至一定温度才能达到理想的选别指标，但加温不仅会消耗大量热能，同时也会排放大量CO2，对环境造成破坏。为了满足国家节能减排要求、实现可持续发展，开发新型耐低温组合药剂已成为目前浮选行业的重中之重。本文采用实验室自主研发的新型脂肪酸类耐低温捕收剂CH，在低温条件下对齐大山铁矿石进行反浮选试验，并研究其作用机理，证明新型耐低温捕收剂CH相较于传统阴离子捕收剂油酸钠具有更强的吸附能力。
1　试样性质
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试验试样为齐大山铁矿选矿厂磁选后的混磁精矿，其主要化学成分、矿物组成及平衡分配、粒度分析结果分别如表1～3所示。
由表1～3可以看出，试样TFe品位45.73%，SiO2品位24.65%，CaO及MgO含量较少。试样中主要含铁矿物为磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和磁铁矿。菱铁矿和黄铁矿中虽然铁品位较高，但矿物含量少，铁分配率较低。矿石中脉石矿物以含硅矿物石英为主，其余脉石矿物含量较低，因而实现含硅矿物的选择性捕收是选择捕收剂的关键。试样-0.043 mm粒级中铁分布率达到了94.78%，在实际反浮选过程中，细粒级铁矿物容易吸附于浮选泡沫中，不利于铁回收。虽然0.02～0.043 mm细粒级铁分布率高，但仍在可以选别处理的范围内，而-0.02 mm粒级是铁损失最多的粒级，这是导致回收率损失的主要原因。试样已达到了反浮选细度要求，属于细粒级难选矿物，不需要采用磨矿流程，可以直接进行浮选。
2　试验方法
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浮选试验在1.5 L单槽浮选机中进行。试验时调节转速2 240 r/min，称取550 g样品加入浮选机后加水搅拌，依次加入pH值调整剂（3%NaOH溶液）、抑制剂（3%苛化淀粉溶液）、活化剂（3%CaO溶液）以及捕收剂（3%CH溶液）。低温浮选试验在空调房中采用冰水调浆，调浆后温度稳定在10 ℃。浮选后对精矿、尾矿分别进行过滤、烘干、称重、制样、化验、计算处理。其中低温条件试验采用一粗一精开路流程，闭路试验采用一粗一精三扫闭路试验流程。低温反浮选试验流程如图1所示。
采用VERTEX 70v傅里叶变换红外光谱仪检测捕收剂作用前后石英的红外光谱。采用JC2000C1接触角测量仪测定油酸钠和CH作用前后石英的接触角，每个样品测定3次后取平均值。采用Sigma701型全自动表面张力仪测定油酸钠和CH作用前后石英的表面张力，重复测定3次后取平均值。
3　试验结果与讨论
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3.1　低温浮选条件试验
3.1.1　矿浆pH值对浮选指标的影响
矿浆温度10 ℃、苛化淀粉用量500 g/t、氧化钙用量500 g/t、CH用量800 g/t、矿浆浓度（质量分数，下同）30%条件下，考察了矿浆pH值对铁精矿浮选指标的影响，结果如图2所示。由图2可知，在试验pH值范围内，随着矿浆pH值升高，精矿铁品位逐渐升高，铁回收率逐渐下降。综合考虑药剂成本与浮选指标等因素，选择矿浆pH值为11.0进行后续试验。
3.1.2　抑制剂用量对浮选指标的影响
试验所用抑制剂为苛化淀粉，它通过抑制铁矿物与药剂结合达到提高铁矿物回收率的目的。矿浆pH值11.0，其他条件不变，考察了抑制剂苛化淀粉用量对铁精矿浮选指标的影响，结果如图3所示。由图3可知，随着苛化淀粉用量增加，精矿铁品位和铁回收率均呈先上升后下降的趋势。综合考量后确定适宜的抑制剂苛化淀粉用量为600 g/t。
3.1.3　活化剂用量对浮选指标的影响
活化剂氧化钙中的Ca2+可优先在石英表面O处发生吸附[7]，形成易于捕收剂吸附的表面，进而提高石英可浮性，达到脱硅效果。苛化淀粉用量600 g/t，其他条件不变，考察了活化剂氧化钙用量对铁精矿浮选指标的影响，结果如图4所示。由图4可知，氧化钙用量增加，铁品位先大幅增加后趋于平稳，铁回收率先快速下降后缓慢下降。综合考虑药剂成本与浮选指标等因素，确定适宜的氧化钙用量为750 g/t。
3.1.4　捕收剂用量对浮选指标的影响
氧化钙用量750 g/t，其他条件不变，考察了捕收剂CH用量对铁精矿浮选指标的影响，结果如图5所示。由图5可知，随着捕收剂CH用量增加，精矿铁品位整体呈上升趋势，铁回收率则呈下降趋势。适宜的捕收剂CH用量为1 050 g/t，该条件下可获得铁品位68.32%、铁回收率70.76%的铁精矿。
3.2　闭路试验
在条件试验基础上，采用一粗一精三扫反浮选流程进行了捕收剂CH常温和低温反浮选闭路试验，并与传统阴离子捕收剂油酸钠的反浮选闭路试验结果进行了对比，闭路试验流程见图6，结果见表4。
矿浆温度25 ℃时，使用油酸钠作为捕收剂可获得铁品位66.26%、铁回收率82.24%的铁精矿；使用CH作为捕收剂则可获得铁品位67.31%、铁回收率85.45%的铁精矿。常温下采用传统阴离子捕收剂油酸钠与耐低温捕收剂CH均可获得优良的浮选指标，CH的浮选指标略优于油酸钠。
矿浆温度10 ℃时，使用油酸钠作为捕收剂可获得铁品位62.38%、铁回收率75.69%的铁精矿，铁尾矿铁品位为23.86%；使用CH作为捕收剂时可获得铁品位66.32%、铁回收率85.14%的铁精矿，铁尾矿铁品位仅15.47%。相比于传统捕收剂油酸钠，低温下新型捕收剂CH所得铁精矿品位提高3.94百分点，铁回收率提高9.45百分点，尾矿品位降低8.39百分点，CH在低温下仍具有良好的捕收能力。
4　机理分析
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4.1　红外光谱分析
CH作用前后石英的红外光谱如图7所示。由图7可知，1 070.14 cm-1处为Si—O不对称伸缩振动吸收峰，即纯矿物石英的第一特征吸收峰[8]；787.95和689.83 cm-1处为石英Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动吸收峰[9]；451.31 cm-1处为石英Si—O弯曲振动吸收峰，此处为纯矿物石英的第二特征吸收峰[10]。与CH作用后，3 402.01 cm-1处O—H键特征吸收峰向高波数方向偏移至3 434.35 cm-1处，说明捕收剂CH与石英表面存在氢键吸附作用，氢键效应减弱了O—H键的振动，降低了其化学键力。Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动吸收峰分别从787.95和689.83 cm-1处偏移至786.00和690.53 cm-1处，偏移量较小，这也表明CH与石英表面存在氢键吸附作用；石英的第一特征吸收峰和第二特征吸收峰分别向高波数方向偏移了15.09和11.58 cm-1，说明加入捕收剂CH后，Si—O键能量增加，键振动增强，CH在石英表面发生了键合吸附。
4.2　接触角测试
pH=11、CH和油酸钠质量浓度均为20 mg/L时，纯矿物石英与药剂作用前后接触角的变化如图8所示。由图8可知，石英原矿接触角为18.47°，说明纯矿物石英与捕收剂作用前表面亲水。油酸钠和CH作用后的石英表面接触角分别增至50.69°和104.38°，表明油酸钠和CH均在石英表面发生了吸附，且CH的吸附能明显高于油酸钠。新型捕收剂CH能克服传统油酸钠在低温下溶解性和分散性差的问题，进而提高捕收剂对石英的吸附作用，实现铁矿物与石英矿物的分离。
4.3　表面张力分析
降低表面张力和在溶液中形成胶束是捕收剂的两个重要性质[11]，一般临界胶束浓度（CMC）越小，捕收能力越强。10 ℃时捕收剂质量浓度对石英表面张力的影响如图9所示。
随着捕收剂质量浓度逐渐增大，石英表面张力整体呈下降趋势。油酸钠药剂体系中，油酸钠质量浓度达到310 mg/L时，石英表面张力最小，为40.45 mN/m；继续增大油酸钠浓度，石英表面张力有缓慢上升的趋势，表明10 ℃时油酸钠的CMC为310 mg/L，最低表面张力为40.45 mN/m。CH药剂体系中，石英表面张力变化趋势与油酸钠体系类似，其CMC为97 mg/L，最低表面张力为25.12 mN/m。不难发现，CH的CMC显著低于油酸钠的CMC，且在临界胶束浓度下CH的最低表面张力也低于油酸钠的最低表面张力，表明CH形成胶团和降低表面张力的能力更强，疏水性更好，气泡稳定性强，捕收效果较传统捕收剂油酸钠更佳。
5　结论
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1）采用新型耐低温捕收剂CH，低温（10 ℃）条件下，在矿浆pH值11.0、抑制剂苛化淀粉用量600 g/t、活化剂氧化钙用量750 g/t、捕收剂CH用量1 050 g/t、矿浆浓度30%时，一粗一精开路浮选试验可获得铁品位68.32%、铁回收率70.76%的铁精矿；一粗一精三扫低温闭路浮选试验可获得铁品位66.32%、回收率85.14%的铁精矿；常温（25 ℃）闭路浮选试验可获得铁品位67.31%、回收率85.45%的铁精矿。捕收剂CH在低温和常温下均可取得较好的浮选效果，在实际生产中可适用于各个季节，为后续应用于工业生产奠定了基础。
2）红外光谱检测结果表明，CH在石英表面发生了键合吸附，且伴有氢键形成。CH相较于传统油酸钠具有更低的临界胶束浓度和表面张力，有助于增加气液界面的吸附量，从而提高矿物回收率。经CH作用后的石英接触角为104.38°，表明CH在石英表面有较强的吸附作用，进而增强石英表面疏水性，实现石英与铁矿物的分离。
基金
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  • 辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKMZ20220650)
文献
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.016
  • 接收时间：2024-12-25
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-25
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辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKMZ20220650)
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    辽宁科技大学　矿业工程学院，辽宁　鞍山　114044

通讯作者:

南楠（1986—），女，河北唐山人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为浮选溶液化学和浮选药剂研发。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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