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Article(id=1241416383217586938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773906330159, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1748707200000, pubDateStr=2025-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773906330159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773906330159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773906330159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241416382559081210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='223', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773906330003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773908015401, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241423451685179940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241423451685179941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241416382559081210, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241416383498605307, articleId=1241416383217586938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Analysis of Technology Trends for Environmental Monitoring and Protection in Deep-Sea Mining Based on Patent Literature Retrieval, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to accurately know the progress in frontier technologies and research hotspots in environmental monitoring and protection during deep-sea mining, after the patents and academic literature from January 1, 2005 to April 14, 2025 in the filed of deep-sea mining were retrieved with IncoPat and Web of Science, a statistical analysis was performed with bibliometric methods for 542 published patents and 469 academic literature, and then the development trend in this field was also discussed. It is shown that a synchronous increase in both patents and academic literature highlights the support of basic research for technological innovation. By formulating corresponding policies and through institutional collaboration, China has shifted its place from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in theoretical research. China has also put emphasis on the technologies of environmental monitoring and protection in its scientific research on deep-sea mining, and established a technical system and theoretical framework with in situ observation technologies for environmental impacts during deep-sea mining at the core. As a result, the research perspective has shifted toward understanding of complex system mechanisms. In the future, the environmental monitoring and protection system for deep-sea mining will be composed of four core modules, including environmental monitoring, environmental assessment, environmental management and environmental protection, and form an ecological risk supervision and management framework through the whole mining process, which will also be continually updated.

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为精准把握深海采矿环境影响监测与保护前沿动态及研究热点，以IncoPat专利数据库和Web of Science核心数据库为数据源，对2005年1月1日至2025年4月14日期间的深海采矿领域专利与学术文献进行检索，运用文献计量学方法对有效的542件公开专利及469篇学术文献进行多维度统计分析，并对未来该领域的发展趋势进行探讨。研究表明，专利与文献同步增长凸显基础研究对技术创新的支撑；中国借助政策与机构协作，在理论研究方面实现从跟跑向并跑、领跑的转变；中国深海采矿科研注重环境影响监测与保护技术，构建了以深海采矿环境影响原位观测技术为核心的技术体系和理论框架，研究视角向复杂系统机理认知转变。未来，深海采矿环境影响监测与保护体系将由环境监测、环境评价、环境管理、环境保护四大核心模块构成全生命周期生态风险监测管理框架，并持续迭代升级。

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范智涵（1994—），男，山东济宁人，博士（后），主要研究方向为深海采矿环境影响及监测技术。E-mail：
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贾永刚（1965—），男，吉林四平人，教授，主要研究方向为海洋工程地质。E-mail：

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贾永刚（1965—），男，吉林四平人，教授，主要研究方向为海洋工程地质。E-mail：

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贾永刚（1965—），男，吉林四平人，教授，主要研究方向为海洋工程地质。E-mail：

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Information of overseas registered Chinese patents

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专利权人专利注册地专利注册数量/件
中国海洋大学美国4
日本2
招商局深海装备研究院（三亚）有限公司欧洲专利局2
韩国2
中国科学院广州能源研究所日本1
加拿大1
世界知识产权组织1
青岛海洋地质研究所日本3
西南石油大学美国3
上海交通大学美国2
武汉理工大学美国2
中南大学美国2
中国石油大学（北京）美国1
), ArticleFig(id=1241422266525863965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241416383217586938, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中国专利海外注册情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
专利权人专利注册地专利注册数量/件
中国海洋大学美国4
日本2
招商局深海装备研究院（三亚）有限公司欧洲专利局2
韩国2
中国科学院广州能源研究所日本1
加拿大1
世界知识产权组织1
青岛海洋地质研究所日本3
西南石油大学美国3
上海交通大学美国2
武汉理工大学美国2
中南大学美国2
中国石油大学（北京）美国1
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基于专利文献检索的深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术发展趋势分析
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贾永刚 1 , 张志成 1 , 卓晓军 2 , 郑皓 2 , 段晓影 2 , 刘禹维 2 , 朱宪明 1 , 范智涵 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(3): 1-7
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(3): 1-7
基于专利文献检索的深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术发展趋势分析
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贾永刚1 , 张志成1, 卓晓军2, 郑皓2, 段晓影2, 刘禹维2, 朱宪明1, 范智涵1
作者信息
  • 1.中国海洋大学　山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室，山东　青岛　266100
  • 2.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012

    • 贾永刚（1965—），男，吉林四平人，教授，主要研究方向为海洋工程地质。E-mail：

通讯作者:

范智涵（1994—），男，山东济宁人，博士（后），主要研究方向为深海采矿环境影响及监测技术。E-mail：
Analysis of Technology Trends for Environmental Monitoring and Protection in Deep-Sea Mining Based on Patent Literature Retrieval
Yonggang JIA1 , Zhicheng ZHANG1, Xiaojun ZHUO2, Hao ZHENG2, Xiaoying DUAN2, Yuwei LIU2, Xianming ZHU1, Zhihan FAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • 2.Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Changsha 410012, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.001
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摘要
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为精准把握深海采矿环境影响监测与保护前沿动态及研究热点，以IncoPat专利数据库和Web of Science核心数据库为数据源，对2005年1月1日至2025年4月14日期间的深海采矿领域专利与学术文献进行检索，运用文献计量学方法对有效的542件公开专利及469篇学术文献进行多维度统计分析，并对未来该领域的发展趋势进行探讨。研究表明，专利与文献同步增长凸显基础研究对技术创新的支撑；中国借助政策与机构协作，在理论研究方面实现从跟跑向并跑、领跑的转变；中国深海采矿科研注重环境影响监测与保护技术，构建了以深海采矿环境影响原位观测技术为核心的技术体系和理论框架，研究视角向复杂系统机理认知转变。未来，深海采矿环境影响监测与保护体系将由环境监测、环境评价、环境管理、环境保护四大核心模块构成全生命周期生态风险监测管理框架，并持续迭代升级。

深海采矿  /  环境影响  /  环境监测  /  环境保护  /  专利分析  /  文献分析  /  文献计量学

In order to accurately know the progress in frontier technologies and research hotspots in environmental monitoring and protection during deep-sea mining, after the patents and academic literature from January 1, 2005 to April 14, 2025 in the filed of deep-sea mining were retrieved with IncoPat and Web of Science, a statistical analysis was performed with bibliometric methods for 542 published patents and 469 academic literature, and then the development trend in this field was also discussed. It is shown that a synchronous increase in both patents and academic literature highlights the support of basic research for technological innovation. By formulating corresponding policies and through institutional collaboration, China has shifted its place from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in theoretical research. China has also put emphasis on the technologies of environmental monitoring and protection in its scientific research on deep-sea mining, and established a technical system and theoretical framework with in situ observation technologies for environmental impacts during deep-sea mining at the core. As a result, the research perspective has shifted toward understanding of complex system mechanisms. In the future, the environmental monitoring and protection system for deep-sea mining will be composed of four core modules, including environmental monitoring, environmental assessment, environmental management and environmental protection, and form an ecological risk supervision and management framework through the whole mining process, which will also be continually updated.

deep-sea mining  /  environmental impact  /  environmental monitoring  /  environmental protection  /  patent analysis  /  literature analysis  /  bibliometrics and patentometrics
贾永刚, 张志成, 卓晓军, 郑皓, 段晓影, 刘禹维, 朱宪明, 范智涵. 基于专利文献检索的深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术发展趋势分析. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (3) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.001
Yonggang JIA, Zhicheng ZHANG, Xiaojun ZHUO, Hao ZHENG, Xiaoying DUAN, Yuwei LIU, Xianming ZHU, Zhihan FAN. Analysis of Technology Trends for Environmental Monitoring and Protection in Deep-Sea Mining Based on Patent Literature Retrieval[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (3) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.001
正文
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地球约70%的面积被海洋覆盖，而海域面积中10%～30%的海床表层分布有多金属结核。多金属结核矿物组分涵盖铁、钴、镍、铜、钛等战略金属元素[1-2]，矿产资源储量巨大，若能实现商业化开采，对缓解自然资源枯竭危机具有战略意义[3-4]。
目前，深海采矿已经开展技术性验证和试采作业。深海采矿作业活动所产生的潜在环境影响受到了广泛关注[5]。深海采矿作业对深海底栖环境所产生的环境影响主要集中在海底集矿和尾矿排放两个阶段[6-7]。采矿车集矿过程可能对底栖生物造成机械性损伤，破坏局部生物群落结构[8]；作业扰动可诱发沉积物羽流发生长时间、大范围扩散，形成多尺度环境效应[9-10]。尾矿排放过程会显著改变水体固体悬浮物质量浓度梯度[11-13]。此外，深海采矿作业还会影响深海环境化学特征、生态群落演替规律及海底沉积层工程力学性质[14-17]，作业过程中产生的噪声、放射性物质也会对海底生态系统造成不良影响[18]。
专利与学术文献作为高校、科研院所及企业进行创新活动的核心评价指标，可有效映射领域内技术发展水平与理论体系演进特征。在深海矿产资源开发领域，我国已将环境效应评估与生态保护技术研究纳入国家战略层面，系统性构建了涵盖沉积物扩散、生物群落响应等维度的环境影响监测与评估技术体系。目前，已有学者利用专利数据和文献计量学方法对深海采矿领域技术发展和理论基础进行研究[19-21]，但对深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术的发展趋势尚缺乏系统性总结。
本文基于全球深海采矿环境影响监测与保护领域的专利与学术文献发表情况，采用文献计量学方法解析深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术发展趋势，通过整合国内外科研攻关方向与理论范式演进，实现领域发展态势的全景式解析，进而为深海战略资源开发与海洋强国建设提供数据支撑。
1　研究方法
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基于IncoPat全球专利数据库与Web of Science核心合集，系统采集并整合深海采矿领域专利与学术文献数据。数据分析流程包括强关联关键词筛选、数据去噪及结构化分析等环节。
限定专利与文献公告时间为2005年1月1日至2025年4月14日，以“深海采矿”“多金属结核”“环境”“监测”为核心检索词，通过布尔逻辑运算符构建交集检索式，实现对20余年深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术的检索。为确保数据时效性与覆盖完整性，专利样本涵盖在审专利、授权有效专利及法律存续专利，文献样本纳入研究论文及综述类文献。同时，遵循同样的检索规则，对“海底采矿”和“海洋采矿”进行补录。经人工数据筛选，排除与深海采矿无关的干扰项达成去噪目的，最终形成有效专利542件、学术文献469篇，并采用文献计量学方法进行多维度统计分析。
2　深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术的宏观研究
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2.1　全球学术成果数量趋势
全球学术成果数量如图1所示。由图1可知，本文研究领域的专利申请量、专利授权量及学术文献发表量呈现浮动增长趋势，但三者动态特征存在差异。专利申请量增长最为显著，尤其近年增速加快，表明技术研发活跃度持续提升。专利授权量虽与专利申请量趋势总体一致，但存在1～3年的滞后性，且授权率随年份波动，反映技术审查周期与阶段性成果转化的不确定性。相较之下，文献发表量在2020年之后增长相对平缓，部分年份文献发表量与专利申请量的同步增长节点暗示了基础研究与技术开发间的潜在协同。整体而言，数据揭示了技术研发与学术活动的紧密关联，同时展示了专利从申请到授权的周期性特征。
2.2　全球学术成果地域分析
2.2.1　专利地域分析
全球专利公开情况如图2所示。由图2可知，中国的专利公开量在全球居于首位，表明中国在深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术领域的技术研发投入与产出占据主导地位。美国与日本紧随其后，体现了传统科技强国在深海采矿技术中的持续竞争力。欧洲专利局作为跨国机构，其专利公开数反映了欧洲多国的联合技术布局。此外，韩国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚及印度等国家也表现出一定的技术参与度，新加坡、阿根廷等国家的专利数量相对有限。专利公开量呈现“头部集中、梯次分布”的特征，以中国、美国、日本为核心，辅以欧洲协作与其他经济体逐步渗透的多层次技术生态。
2.2.2　学术文献地域分析
深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术国际竞争态势显著，各国为推动该领域的可持续发展，开展了广泛而深入的合作，全球学术文献合作情况如图3所示。在该学术领域，发达国家凭借其技术与科研优势，确立了显著的学术地位并取得丰硕成果。同时，各国构建了广泛的合作网络，共同推进深海矿产资源开发和利用。但是，各国在该领域的研究在地域上呈现明显的区域聚集特征。其中，西方国家间的合作尤为密切和广泛，美国、英国、德国、法国之间建立了深厚的合作关系。日本、韩国等亚洲国家在国际合作网络中的节点作用尚待提升。值得关注的是，中国在该领域取得了一系列具有创新性的研究成果并占有较大比重。同时，中国积极推动多边合作，积极参与国际深海矿产资源开发和利用的共同研究工作，彰显了对深海采矿环境效应的高度关注与战略重视。
2.3　全球学术成果发表单位分析
2.3.1　专利申请人
深海采矿相关技术领域的主要专利申请人及所属单位涵盖国内外高校、科研机构及企业，全球专利申请人分布如图4所示。由图4可知，中国高校与科研院所占据主导地位，中国高校主要包括中国海洋大学、上海交通大学、江苏科技大学、中南大学等，显示出学术界在该领域技术研发中的核心作用。中国科研院所主要有长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司、青岛海洋地质研究所、招商局深海装备研究院（三亚）有限公司等。国外企业主要有法国德希尼布公司（Technip France）、海洋资源勘探国际有限公司（Marine Resources Exploration International B. V.）、日本古河电气工业株式会社（Furukawa Co. Ltd.）等，表明技术开发的全球化竞争格局。此外，区域性研究机构的集中分布反映出深海技术研发与地理资源的紧密关联。各个成果所属单位在整体上形成了“产-学-研”多元主体协同创新的特征。
深海采矿技术领域的国际专利布局呈现多元分布特征，中国专利海外注册情况见表1。由表1可知，中国机构在美国与日本的专利注册量较多，表明中国、美国、日本三个国家在技术合作或市场竞争中占据核心地位。招商局深海装备研究院（三亚）有限公司、中国科学院广州能源研究所等在日本、欧洲专利局及韩国等地分别注册专利，体现技术输出的区域扩散趋势，还进一步反映了中国机构对技术国际化保护的策略性考量。整体而言，中国深海采矿技术研发主体以美国、日本为优先目标市场，同时逐步拓展欧洲、东亚及国际组织框架下的专利布局网络，其分布格局与全球深海矿产资源开发的战略重心高度契合。
2.3.2　学术文献发表单位
在理论研究方面，基于文献计量学方法，以发文量不低于10篇作为阈值，对20余年间在深海采矿环境影响监测与保护领域开展学术活动的150余家科研机构进行系统研究，主要科研机构理论研究合作可视化情况如图5所示。由图5可知，科研机构的构成呈现显著的多元主体协同特征。大学、国家实验室、政府技术部门在该领域形成三足鼎立之势，各自发挥独特优势并相互协作。在海洋发达国家，以英国南安普顿大学（University of Southampton）、德国基尔亥姆霍兹海洋研究中心（GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel）为代表的科研机构，自21世纪初便开始系统布局，率先构建了早期的深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术体系，通过建立深海环境模拟实验室、开发高精度监测传感器等技术创新，成功将科研成果转化为大量学术产出。
相较于海洋发达国家，中国相关科研机构在该领域的学术研究起步相对较晚。数据表明，中国相关科研机构在2010年前发表的该领域文献数量较少，2010年后才开始出现明显增长趋势，这在一定程度上反映了中国对深海采矿作业活动环境效应的关注滞后于海洋发达国家。然而，近年来中国高度重视海洋战略发展，在深海采矿环境影响监测与保护领域加大科研投入与政策支持力度，以中国海洋大学、上海交通大学、自然资源部、中国科学院为代表的科研机构取得了一系列突破性研究成果。同时，中国科研成果的学术影响力也实现了跨越式提升，标志着中国在深海采矿环境影响监测与保护领域已逐步从跟跑向并跑、领跑阶段迈进。
2.4　聚焦热点分析
在深海采矿环境影响监测与保护领域，全球专利技术的应用方向主要聚焦于环境监测、环境保护与环境评价三大细分领域。
环境监测领域研究热点主要为深海采矿羽流扩散监测、沉积物及底栖生物原位观测技术等，这些技术融合数字孪生、深度学习等前沿算法，构建多维度、高精度的环境监测体系，对深海矿区的生态环境、地质环境、理化环境等对象形成立体化监测。环境保护领域涵盖能源环保、绿色开采、清洁运输、生态修复等多个技术分支，形成了完整的技术解决方案。环境评价领域建立了关于环境损害和生态恢复情况的评价系统。
从技术体系架构来看，当前已形成以环境影响原位观测技术为核心的环境监测技术框架，以及包含源头减排、过程控制与末端治理的全链条环境保护技术体系。目前，深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术正逐步向智能化、可持续化方向发展。
在理论研究层面，本文基于关键词在文献中的共现关系，对海量文献关键词实施聚类，最终划分为3个聚类群组，深度剖析聚类结果与文献关键词时序演变，如图6所示。
深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术领域学术文献的发表数量逐年增长，并呈现显著的阶段性特征。2016年以前，该领域文献产出量较小，但自2005年起，学者开始涉足深海采矿对深海环境影响的研究，相关学术文献发表量持续攀升。2016年后，“环境管理”相关文献陆续涌现，发表量逐年递增，标志着学术界对深海采矿环境管理议题的重视程度不断提升。
数据表明，早期研究主要聚焦于深海采矿技术及其环境效应。随着深海采矿技术从理论探索迈向工程实践，2016年后，生物多样性、沉积物羽流、环境影响评估及环境管理等关键词的出现频率显著提高，反映了学术界对深海采矿环境影响研究的持续深化。
2021年以来，“深海环境”方向的研究进一步拓展，学者围绕深海采矿引发的物理、化学、生物等多维生态效应开展系统性研究，涵盖采矿活动导致的沉积物再悬浮对海洋生物呼吸与摄食的影响机制、重金属释放扩散规律、生物栖息地破坏对生态系统结构与功能的影响等关键议题。深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术研究已从单一工程视角转向复杂系统机理认知。
当前，该领域研究重点聚焦于沉积物运移模型构建与优化，通过数值模拟与原位观测相结合，精准刻画采矿过程中沉积物颗粒的迁移扩散路径与速率；深海生物多样性评估综合运用分子生物学、传统分类学等手段，全面测定深海生物物种丰富度、均匀度及特有性；底栖生态系统响应机制解析探究底栖生物群落结构、功能及代谢过程对采矿扰动的响应规律；深海元素地球化学循环研究追踪关键元素受深海采矿活动干扰在海水-沉积物-生物界面间的迁移转化过程。
3　未来发展趋势
收起
未来，深海采矿环境影响监测与保护体系有望实现进一步突破与拓展，该体系将由环境监测、环境评价、环境管理、环境保护四大核心模块构成全生命周期生态风险监测管理框架，并持续迭代升级。
在环境监测方面，多学科交叉融合的趋势将更为显著，除现有的生态环境、地质环境、物理海洋、海洋化学等学科外，有望纳入更多新兴学科，如深海声光监测等。先进的原位观测技术也将不断革新，实现对深海环境要素更精准、高频次的数据采集。借助卫星遥感、水下机器人等前沿设备，将进一步拓展数据采集范围，从近海到远海，从浅海到深海，为后续环境评价、环境管理及保护策略的制定提供更丰富、实时的数据基础与科学依据。
在环境评价方面，综合评价体系将不断完善。在环境本底评价、采矿地质环境评价和生态环境影响评价的基础上，增加经济损益评价以及碳中和效益评价等。同时，指标设定将更精细化，量化分析方法也会更科学先进。利用人工智能和大数据技术实现对深海采矿活动影响的动态模拟与预测。
在环境管理方面，全链条管理体系将不断强化。深海资源法律体系将持续健全，与国际法律进一步接轨，以应对日益复杂的深海采矿国际合作与竞争格局。资源开发标准将更加严格且具有针对性，全过程环境管理将实现智能化、自动化。特殊利益区规划将更加注重生态保护与资源开发的平衡，通过先进的地理信息系统技术，实现深海采矿活动的精准规划与动态监管。
在环境保护方面，能源环保技术、绿色开采技术、清洁运输技术等先进技术将不断革新。波浪能、浮力重力能、海水驱动能等能源环保技术的转化效率将大幅提升，绿色开采技术将实现从传统机械开采向智能、柔性开采的转变，清洁运输技术将降低对海洋水体的扰动。羽流抑制技术、生态修复技术和资源再循环技术将取得重大突破，通过源头减排、过程控制与末端治理的深度融合，实现对海洋生态环境影响的最小化。
中国在深海采矿环境影响监测与保护领域的技术创新需依托“产-学-研”深度协同，构建覆盖“理论-技术-标准”的全链条创新体系。未来，高等院校应聚焦沉积物迁移动力学机制与底栖生态耦合关系的基础研究，开发高精度原位监测技术，推动“地质-环境-工程”交叉学科理论框架的完善。科研院所应牵头国家专项，搭建深海环境数据共享平台，布局生态修复技术专利，通过专项基金和跨学科人才培养强化支撑，推动中国技术标准融入全球深海治理体系，最终实现从理论突破到国际标准输出的系统性创新，为深海矿产资源可持续开发提供科学支撑。
4　结论
收起
1）专利与学术文献的时序演化表明，专利申请量迅猛增长，技术研发活跃度高于理论研究进展，揭示技术开发向产业化加速倾斜的趋势。专利授权周期滞后性与授权率波动，反映技术审查的复杂性及成果转化的阶段性特征。学术文献发表量与专利申请量的同步增长节点则凸显基础研究对技术创新的支撑作用。
2）学术合作网络分析显示，发达国家凭借早期技术积累，占据学术影响力高地。中国虽起步较晚，但依托政策驱动与机构协作，已实现从跟跑向并跑、领跑的转型，在理论研究领域后来居上。
3）中国在进行深海采矿相关技术科研攻关时，高度关注深海采矿环境影响监测与保护，形成了以深海采矿环境影响原位观测技术为核心的环境监测技术体系和理论研究框架。深海采矿环境影响监测与保护技术研究已从单一工程视角转向复杂系统机理认知。
4）未来，深海采矿环境影响监测与保护体系将由环境监测、环境评价、环境管理、环境保护四大核心模块构成全生命周期生态风险监测管理框架，并持续迭代升级。
基金
收起
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2803800)
  • 山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT054)
  • 山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2024QD002)
文献
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.03.001
  • 接收时间：2025-04-30
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-06-01
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-30
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2803800)
山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT054)
山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2024QD002)
作者信息
    1.中国海洋大学　山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室，山东　青岛　266100
    2.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012

通讯作者:

范智涵（1994—），男，山东济宁人，博士（后），主要研究方向为深海采矿环境影响及监测技术。E-mail：
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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