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Article(id=1241406727170618028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718467200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904027979, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904027979, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904027979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904027979, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241406711219680205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904024176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773911273793, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241437118384362345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241437118388556650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241406727548105425, articleId=1241406727170618028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Change Law of Apparent Density of Calcite in Sulfuric Acid Solution and Its Influence on Separation, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, calcite particle size, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) dosage and flow rate of dynamic fluid on the apparent density of calcite particles during acid reaction were studied. The results show that when the sulfuric acid concentration is 1%, calcite can sustain at the low apparent density state, and the smaller the calcite sizes, the lower the apparent densities. SDS with a concentration of 300 mg/L can enhance the hydrophobicity of calcite, increase effectively the adsorption density and residence time of CO2 bubbles on calcite, and prolong the duration of low apparent density of calcite. Dynamic fluids may accelerate desorption of gas bubbles from calcite, which is detrimental to the reduction of apparent density of calcite during acid reaction process, but the SDS treatment can significantly reduce this detrimental effect. Settling tests show that acid reaction can prolong the settling time of calcite particles, creating favorable conditions for the separation of calcite and non-carbonate minerals by gravity concentration.

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研究了酸反应过程中硫酸质量分数、方解石粒径、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）添加量和动态流体流速对方解石颗粒表观密度的影响。结果表明：硫酸质量分数1%时，方解石能稳定在低表观密度状态，且方解石粒径越小，表观密度越低；质量浓度300 mg/L的SDS能够增强方解石表面疏水性，有效增加CO2气泡在矿物表面的吸附密度和停留时间，延长方解石颗粒的低表观密度时间；动态流体会加速气泡从方解石表面脱附，不利于酸反应过程中降低方解石表观密度，而SDS处理能显著减小这种不利影响。沉降试验结果表明，酸反应能延长方解石颗粒的沉降时间，创造有利分选条件，能通过重选实现方解石与非碳酸盐矿物的分离。

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邓荣东（1986—），男，四川自贡人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为有色金属矿的分离和硫化技术及理论、碳酸盐矿物反浮选工艺和理论等。E-mail：
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赵睿祺（2000—），女，福建福州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为矿物加工。E-mail：

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赵睿祺（2000—），女，福建福州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为矿物加工。E-mail：

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赵睿祺（2000—），女，福建福州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为矿物加工。E-mail：

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（a）（-1.000+0.850）mm粒级；（b）（-0.850+0.710）mm粒级；（c）（-0.710+0.600）mm粒级；（d）（-0.600+0.500）mm粒级；（e）（-0.500+0.425）mm粒级；（f）（-0.425+0.355）mm粒级

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矿物名称CaOMgOTFeAl2O3SiO2F烧失
方解石55.660.500.040.080.11—43.61
萤石51.160.120.010.110.0848.20.32
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方解石和萤石化学成分分析结果（质量分数）

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矿物名称CaOMgOTFeAl2O3SiO2F烧失
方解石55.660.500.040.080.11—43.61
萤石51.160.120.010.110.0848.20.32
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粒级/mm不同质量浓度SDS作用下方解石表观密度均值/（g·cm-3）
0100 mg/L200 mg/L300 mg/L400 mg/L
-1.000+0.8502.0901.8561.8031.7821.821
-0.850+0.7101.9821.7521.6861.5811.772
-0.710+0.6001.8791.6581.6061.4951.659
-0.600+0.5001.8181.6131.5251.4301.445
-0.500+0.4251.5951.4101.3831.2821.387
-0.425+0.3551.4631.3651.2491.2421.281
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酸反应10 s内方解石表观密度均值

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粒级/mm不同质量浓度SDS作用下方解石表观密度均值/（g·cm-3）
0100 mg/L200 mg/L300 mg/L400 mg/L
-1.000+0.8502.0901.8561.8031.7821.821
-0.850+0.7101.9821.7521.6861.5811.772
-0.710+0.6001.8791.6581.6061.4951.659
-0.600+0.5001.8181.6131.5251.4301.445
-0.500+0.4251.5951.4101.3831.2821.387
-0.425+0.3551.4631.3651.2491.2421.281
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反应时间/s接触角/（°）
方解石+H2SO4方解石+SDS+H2SO4
040.590.3
533.882.7
1024.077.4
1519.456.6
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方解石表面接触角随酸反应时间的变化情况

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反应时间/s接触角/（°）
方解石+H2SO4方解石+SDS+H2SO4
040.590.3
533.882.7
1024.077.4
1519.456.6
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粒级/mm拟合公式R2
-1.000+0.850 0.983 22
-0.850+0.710 0.971 29
-0.710+0.600 0.965 16
-0.600+0.500 0.948 65
-0.500+0.425 0.987 08
-0.425+0.355 0.935 66
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方解石表观密度数学模型

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粒级/mm拟合公式R2
-1.000+0.850 0.983 22
-0.850+0.710 0.971 29
-0.710+0.600 0.965 16
-0.600+0.500 0.948 65
-0.500+0.425 0.987 08
-0.425+0.355 0.935 66
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流体流速/（cm·s-1）方解石表面气泡存留情况
1.0%H2SO4300 mg/L SDS+1.0%H2SO4
0
4
8
12
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不同流体状态下方解石表面气泡存留情况

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流体流速/（cm·s-1）方解石表面气泡存留情况
1.0%H2SO4300 mg/L SDS+1.0%H2SO4
0
4
8
12
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粒级/mm沉降时间/s
方解石+水方解石+1.0%H2SO4方解石+2.0%H2SO4方解石+3.0%H2SO4方解石+1.0%H2SO4+300 mg/L SDS萤石+水
-1.000+0.8508.4599.9139.9349.70210.0857.246
-0.850+0.7109.40410.63611.59610.25111.2598.116
-0.710+0.60010.18513.11614.22312.78014.3319.014
-0.600+0.50013.38815.72017.95615.05720.13411.159
-0.500+0.42515.29618.14919.76317.40825.10313.251
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矿物颗粒在不同介质中的沉降时间

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粒级/mm沉降时间/s
方解石+水方解石+1.0%H2SO4方解石+2.0%H2SO4方解石+3.0%H2SO4方解石+1.0%H2SO4+300 mg/L SDS萤石+水
-1.000+0.8508.4599.9139.9349.70210.0857.246
-0.850+0.7109.40410.63611.59610.25111.2598.116
-0.710+0.60010.18513.11614.22312.78014.3319.014
-0.600+0.50013.38815.72017.95615.05720.13411.159
-0.500+0.42515.29618.14919.76317.40825.10313.251
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粒级/mm重选可选性判断准则计算结果
未处理方解石与萤石分离方解石+H2SO4与萤石分离方解石+H2SO4+SDS与萤石分离
-1.000+0.8501.242.002.79
-0.850+0.7101.242.223.76
-0.710+0.6001.242.484.45
-0.600+0.5001.242.665.07
-0.500+0.4251.243.697.78
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方解石与萤石重选可选性判断准则计算结果

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粒级/mm重选可选性判断准则计算结果
未处理方解石与萤石分离方解石+H2SO4与萤石分离方解石+H2SO4+SDS与萤石分离
-1.000+0.8501.242.002.79
-0.850+0.7101.242.223.76
-0.710+0.6001.242.484.45
-0.600+0.5001.242.665.07
-0.500+0.4251.243.697.78
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方解石在硫酸溶液中表观密度变化规律及其对分选的影响
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赵睿祺 1, 2 , 邓荣东 1, 2 , 陈佳林 1 , 毛志东 1 , 魏祥杰 1 , 方辰烨 1 , 李怀熠 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024,44(6): 54-59
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024, 44(6): 54-59
方解石在硫酸溶液中表观密度变化规律及其对分选的影响
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赵睿祺1, 2 , 邓荣东1, 2 , 陈佳林1, 毛志东1, 魏祥杰1, 方辰烨1, 李怀熠1
作者信息
  • 1.福州大学　紫金地质与矿业学院，福建　福州　350108
  • 2.福建省新能源金属绿色提取与高值利用重点实验室，福建　福州　350108

    • 赵睿祺（2000—），女，福建福州人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为矿物加工。E-mail：

通讯作者:

邓荣东（1986—），男，四川自贡人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为有色金属矿的分离和硫化技术及理论、碳酸盐矿物反浮选工艺和理论等。E-mail：
Change Law of Apparent Density of Calcite in Sulfuric Acid Solution and Its Influence on Separation
Ruiqi ZHAO1, 2 , Rongdong DENG1, 2 , Jialin CHEN1, Zhidong MAO1, Xiangjie WEI1, Chenye FANG1, Huaiyi LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
  • 2.Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-Value Utilization of New Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.012
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摘要
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研究了酸反应过程中硫酸质量分数、方解石粒径、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）添加量和动态流体流速对方解石颗粒表观密度的影响。结果表明：硫酸质量分数1%时，方解石能稳定在低表观密度状态，且方解石粒径越小，表观密度越低；质量浓度300 mg/L的SDS能够增强方解石表面疏水性，有效增加CO2气泡在矿物表面的吸附密度和停留时间，延长方解石颗粒的低表观密度时间；动态流体会加速气泡从方解石表面脱附，不利于酸反应过程中降低方解石表观密度，而SDS处理能显著减小这种不利影响。沉降试验结果表明，酸反应能延长方解石颗粒的沉降时间，创造有利分选条件，能通过重选实现方解石与非碳酸盐矿物的分离。

方解石  /  表观密度  /  CO2气泡  /  十二烷基硫酸钠  /  动态流体  /  萤石  /  流态化分选  /  硫酸

The effects of sulfuric acid concentration, calcite particle size, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) dosage and flow rate of dynamic fluid on the apparent density of calcite particles during acid reaction were studied. The results show that when the sulfuric acid concentration is 1%, calcite can sustain at the low apparent density state, and the smaller the calcite sizes, the lower the apparent densities. SDS with a concentration of 300 mg/L can enhance the hydrophobicity of calcite, increase effectively the adsorption density and residence time of CO2 bubbles on calcite, and prolong the duration of low apparent density of calcite. Dynamic fluids may accelerate desorption of gas bubbles from calcite, which is detrimental to the reduction of apparent density of calcite during acid reaction process, but the SDS treatment can significantly reduce this detrimental effect. Settling tests show that acid reaction can prolong the settling time of calcite particles, creating favorable conditions for the separation of calcite and non-carbonate minerals by gravity concentration.

calcite  /  apparent density  /  CO2 bubbles  /  sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)  /  dynamic fluid  /  fluorite  /  fluidized bed separation  /  sulfuric acid
赵睿祺, 邓荣东, 陈佳林, 毛志东, 魏祥杰, 方辰烨, 李怀熠. 方解石在硫酸溶液中表观密度变化规律及其对分选的影响. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.012
Ruiqi ZHAO, Rongdong DENG, Jialin CHEN, Zhidong MAO, Xiangjie WEI, Chenye FANG, Huaiyi LI. Change Law of Apparent Density of Calcite in Sulfuric Acid Solution and Its Influence on Separation[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (6) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.012
正文
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方解石是一种含钙碳酸盐矿物，是重要的非金属矿物原料[1]，也是典型的脉石矿物[2-3]。方解石与含钙非碳酸盐矿物表面化学性质、物理性质相近[4-5]，它与这些矿物的高效分离一直是选矿领域研究的重点和难点。
碳酸盐矿物具有与酸反应产生CO2气泡，并与这些气泡形成气固联合体降低颗粒表观密度的特性[6]。据此，文献[7]提出了“反应浮选”新方法，通过聚乙烯醇包覆矿物后再与硫酸反应，实现白云石和磷灰石的分离。后来，文献[8]又结合流化床分选技术提出了酸触发-流态化分选方法，既利用了方解石的酸反应特性，又利用了固液流化床的低湍流特性[9]，可在固液流化床中实现方解石与非碳酸盐矿物按密度分选。在此过程中，方解石颗粒表观密度变化是影响流态化分选的主要因素[10]，只有准确掌握颗粒表观密度变化规律，才能制定合理的工艺流程和参数。文献[11]利用高速摄像仪通过对气泡的图像分析获得了静态条件下1～3 mm粒级方解石的表观密度变化规律，但该方法受限于拍摄像素和图像处理技术条件，获得的表观密度准确性不足。本文设计了高准确度的密度测量装置，对方解石各粒级进行表观密度测定，并依托沉降试验研究酸反应对方解石和萤石分选的影响。研究结果可为碳酸盐矿物与非碳酸盐矿物的酸触发-流态化分选提供可靠的数据支撑，具有一定的理论和实际意义。
1　试验原料及方法
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1.1　材料与试剂
试验所用方解石来自福建三明，萤石来自内蒙古二连浩特。矿样经破碎、筛分后得到（-1.000+0.850）mm、（-0.850+0.710）mm、（-0.710+0.600）mm、（-0.600+0.500）mm、（-0.500+0.425）mm、（-0.425+0.355）mm共6个粒级产品。方解石和萤石样品化学成分分析结果见表1。试验所用药剂浓硫酸和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）均为分析纯试剂，试验用水为去离子水。
1.2　试验设备和方法
1.2.1　方解石颗粒表观密度测量
自制密度测量装置由BSA223S电子天平、密度组件和摄像机组成。将1 g方解石颗粒在一定浓度的SDS溶液中预处理5 min，固液分离后，将颗粒均匀洒在挂篮上，同时记录时间和电子秤读数。
1.2.2　动态流体下方解石表面气泡观察
气泡观察在图1所示系统中完成。该系统由蠕动泵、液体流量计、阻尼器、方形反应槽、溶液槽、高速摄像机、电脑和LED灯组成。将一定尺寸的方解石粘贴在方形反应槽内侧，然后通过蠕动泵在一定流速下将H2SO4和SDS混合溶液从下往上流经反应槽，同时进行高速摄像机捕捉。记录前30 s反应过程，保存并导出获得的照片。
1.2.3　沉降试验
沉降试验装置为高120 cm、内径15 cm的透明有机玻璃管。管壁上贴有尺寸刻度。使用Macro Vis Eosens-300高速摄像机跟踪矿物颗粒的运动，并用高稳定性DV-2数字测速仪记录沉降时间。每次试验中，方解石样品以零初速度从液面沉降，记录每个样品从初始位置下降到同一高度所需时间。每个工况进行30次沉降测试，计算平均值以确保准确性。
1.2.4　接触角测量
采用DSA25S液滴形状分析仪（德国KRUSS公司），使用座滴法测量处理前后方解石样品的接触角。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　静态条件下方解石表观密度变化规律
2.1.1　硫酸质量分数对方解石表观密度的影响
硫酸质量分数对方解石表观密度影响显著[12]，较低且稳定的表观密度有利于分选。研究了静态条件下不同硫酸浓度时（-1.000+0.850）mm粒级方解石表观密度变化规律，结果如图2所示。由图2可知，酸反应能够有效降低方解石的表观密度。在反应开始的10 s内，随着硫酸质量分数增加，表观密度降低速率增加。硫酸质量分数0.5%时，方解石表面气泡生长较慢，表观密度下降缓慢；硫酸质量分数1.0%时，方解石表观密度迅速下降，10 s后维持在较稳定的低密度状态；硫酸质量分数2.0%时，方解石表观密度呈现先急速减小后缓慢回升的趋势，前5 s内方解石表观密度在短时间内降到1.54 g/cm3，但低表观密度状态持续时间较短。综合考虑，确定酸反应适宜的硫酸质量分数为1.0%。
2.1.2　粒度对方解石表观密度的影响
随着方解石颗粒粒度减小，方解石比表面积增大，反应产生的CO2气体量增加。硫酸质量分数1.0%条件下，不同粒级方解石的表观密度如图3所示。从图3可知，颗粒粒度越小，方解石表观密度变化越快，细粒级方解石能更快达到低表观密度状态。（-1.000+0.850）mm粒级方解石于10 s左右达到平衡状态，此时表观密度约1.80 g/cm3，而（-0.425+0.355）mm粒级方解石仅反应5 s就达到了平衡状态，表观密度低至1.33 g/cm3。
2.2　表面活性剂对方解石表观密度的影响规律
2.2.1　表面活性剂浓度对方解石表观密度的影响
十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）能在方解石表面发生化学吸附并降低溶液表面张力[12]，影响方解石表面对CO2气泡吸附效果进而影响方解石表观密度。硫酸质量分数1.0%时，研究了SDS质量浓度对不同粒级方解石酸反应表观密度的影响，结果见图4。由图4可见，无论哪个粒级，随着酸反应时间延长，方解石粒群的表观密度均呈现先迅速下降后趋于稳定的规律。反应前10 s内，无SDS作用时方解石颗粒表观密度变化速率较有SDS作用时慢。这可能是无SDS作用时，方解石表面CO2气泡生长脱附速率较高，气泡无法稳定生长，导致气泡总体积在反应初期较小。
随着SDS质量浓度增加，各粒级方解石颗粒表观密度曲线有重叠交错，不便直接比较。为了确定适宜的SDS质量浓度，计算了酸反应时间10 s内的方解石粒群表观密度均值，结果如表2所示。从表2可以看出，酸反应时间10 s内，方解石粒群表观密度均值随着SDS质量浓度增加先降低后升高，在SDS质量浓度300 mg/L时达到最低。SDS质量浓度增至400 mg/L时方解石粒群表观密度反而增大，可能归因于SDS虽然能增加方解石疏水性，但过量添加SDS大大降低了溶液表面张力，气泡兼并现象减少[13-14]，使气泡尺寸过小，且微小气泡密度过大，出现挤压并快速脱附，气泡总体积减小。综上，确定适宜的SDS质量浓度为300 mg/L。
2.2.2　表面活性剂对方解石接触角的影响
硫酸质量分数1.0%，SDS质量浓度300 mg/L时，方解石与酸反应时的接触角随酸反应时间的变化如表3所示。结果表明，无论SDS处理与否，样品接触角均随着反应时间增加而减小。酸反应时间15 s时，未经SDS处理的方解石接触角从40.5°下降到19.4°，表明样品与酸反应，表面疏水性显著降低。这种低疏水性削弱了方解石表面对CO2气泡的结合能力，直接影响方解石低表观密度状态的稳定性。酸反应前经质量浓度300 mg/L的SDS处理，方解石接触角从40.5°增加到90.3°，酸反应开始后，接触角的减小程度比未经SDS处理的方解石反应时小得多。酸反应时间15 s时，经SDS处理的方解石接触角降至56.6°，仍然高于原始方解石的接触角。经SDS处理的方解石表面的高疏水性为CO2气泡提供了强大的结合能力，导致反应后期方解石低表观密度的稳定维持。
2.2.3　方解石颗粒表观密度变化的数学模型
为了准确预测不同粒级和不同反应时间时方解石经SDS处理后表观密度值，采用Origin软件对SDS质量浓度300 mg/L处理后方解石表观密度随时间变化的数据曲线进行拟合，结果如图5所示。
通过拟合公式得到决定系数R2均大于0.93的拟合曲线，拟合效果良好。各粒级方解石颗粒的表观密度随时间变化的数学模型为：
式中：w为不同粒级方解石颗粒的表观密度；t为酸反应时间，s；y0、A1、A2、t1、t2均为拟合参数，各粒级方解石颗粒表观密度拟合公式详见表4。t=0时，w0为方解石初始表观密度。
2.3　流体动态条件下方解石表面气泡存留规律
矿物的分选都是在动态水流中进行的，流体剪切力对气泡的脱附具有显著影响。为了更好掌握方解石颗粒表观密度变化规律，对动态条件下方解石酸反应过程中表面气泡存留规律进行了研究，结果如表5所示。结果表明，引入动态流体降低了气泡在方解石表面的存留量。随着流体流速加快，方解石表面气泡密度和气泡总体积均减小；但SDS处理后矿粒表面CO2气泡尺寸均一性更好、存留密度更高；酸反应3.0 s内，气泡密度变化不大，黏附更稳定；流速越高，未经SDS处理的方解石表面直径大于0.3 mm的大气泡越少，大气泡溶解缩小速度越快，导致未经SDS处理的方解石产生的大气泡在尺寸方面的优势减弱。SDS处理在流化床动态分选方解石矿粒的10.0 s内显示出极强的优势，在动态流体中表现出更好的气泡存留效果，可强化方解石酸反应中密度优势，有利于基于密度差异的重力分选。
2.4　方解石酸触发-流态化分选可行性验证
2.4.1　沉降试验
进一步研究了单个方解石颗粒在不同介质中的沉降情况，以验证酸溶液和SDS处理对CO2气泡结合的效果，结果以沉降时间来表征，详见表6。方解石在水中的沉降时间受粒径影响较大，颗粒粒径越小，沉降时间越长。（-0.500+0.425）mm粒级方解石沉降时间大约是（-1.000+0.850）mm粒级方解石沉降时间的两倍。硫酸存在时，所有方解石颗粒的沉降时间均比水中方解石颗粒沉降时间延长了至少0.8 s。虽然较高的硫酸质量分数通常会导致较大的气泡产生速率，但在所使用的硫酸质量分数范围内，硫酸质量分数增加不会显著延长颗粒沉降时间。SDS处理可以显著增加细粒方解石颗粒的沉降时间、降低沉降速度。在1.0%H2SO4和300 mg/L SDS混合溶液中，（-0.850+0.710）mm粒级和（-0.710+0.600）mm粒级方解石沉降时间分别比1.0%H2SO4溶液中同粒级方解石增加了0.623 s和1.215 s；方解石粒径小于0.600 mm时，方解石沉降时间显著延长，（-0.600+0.500）mm粒级和（-0.500+0.425）mm粒级方解石的平均沉降时间分别为20.134 s和25.103 s，分别比1.0%H2SO4溶液中同粒级方解石延长了4.414 s和6.954 s，与萤石的沉降时间出现显著差距。沉降时间的延长将有助于实现方解石和非碳酸盐矿物的分离。
2.4.2　矿物重选可选性判断准则
可选性判断准则E[15]计算公式为：
式中：ρ′1为被分选物料中高密度组分的密度，g/cm3；ρ1为被分选物料中低密度组分的密度，g/cm3；ρ为介质密度，g/cm3。E>2.50时，能通过重选实现两种矿物的分离。
将方解石密度和萤石密度代入式（2），并结合图5和表2，得到计算结果如表7所示。方解石与萤石的分选介质为水时，E值仅1.24，两种矿物几乎不能分离；分选介质为硫酸溶液时，E值大幅提高，分选难易度从极难选变为易选，而且粒度越细，分选越容易；方解石经SDS处理后，E值进一步增加，均大于2.50，此时方解石与萤石分选极易进行。虽然仅使用硫酸溶液也可使分选难易度达到易选，但是由前述研究结果可知，动态流体会减少方解石表面气泡的存留量，且气泡停留时间短，尺寸不均匀，又极易脱离和溶解，从而增加分选难度，故在流态化分选状态下使用SDS溶液很有必要。
3　结论
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研究方解石表观密度变化规律以及矿浆调控手段是方解石酸触发-流态化分选的关键。本文探索了不同粒级方解石颗粒在不同介质中表观密度的变化规律，得到以下结论。
1）质量分数1%的硫酸有利于维持酸反应过程中方解石低表观密度状态，相同条件下，方解石颗粒越细，表观密度越小。
2）表面活性剂SDS质量浓度300 mg/L时，能显著降低方解石表观密度；SDS通过增加方解石表面疏水性、提高CO2气泡与界面结合强度来增大接触角。
3）动态流体不利于酸反应过程中方解石表观密度的降低，且流速越快越不利，SDS处理可以较好地减小这一趋势。
4）酸反应可延长方解石各粒级的沉降时间，使方解石与萤石分选由极难选转变为易选，而SDS处理可以进一步强化该作用。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金(51804080)
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.012
  • 接收时间：2024-06-16
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-16
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国家自然科学基金青年基金(51804080)
作者信息
    1.福州大学　紫金地质与矿业学院，福建　福州　350108
    2.福建省新能源金属绿色提取与高值利用重点实验室，福建　福州　350108

通讯作者:

邓荣东（1986—），男，四川自贡人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为有色金属矿的分离和硫化技术及理论、碳酸盐矿物反浮选工艺和理论等。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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