Article(id=1241406721403441946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718208000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904026604, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904026604, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904026604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904026604, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241406711219680205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904024176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773911273793, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241437118384362345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241437118388556650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=28, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241406721718014762, articleId=1241406721403441946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Application of New Smooth Blasting Technology in Slope Excavation, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to address problems of high cost, high noise and low efficiency of traditional smooth blasting technology, a new charging structure without a detonating cord was proposed, and the parameters were determined according to the requirements of smooth blasting. Tests on smooth blasting without a detonating cord were carried out for blastholes with non-coupling coefficients of 3.8, 3.9 and 4.0, respectively. Based on the analysis of the half-hole rate after smooth blasting, the smooth blasting effects of blastholes corresponding to three non-coupling coefficients were analyzed based on comparison. The results show that each blasthole for smooth blasting can be successfully initiated by using a charging structure without a detonating cord, and the half-hole rates of blastholes are 78.40%, 89.60% and 57.60% respectively corresponding to those three non-coupling coefficients. It is concluded that an optimal non-coupling coefficient of this new smooth blasting technology in the test is 3.9.

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为了改善传统光面爆破技术成本高、噪声大、效率低等问题,提出了一种无导爆索起爆的新型装药结构。根据光面爆破的要求,确定了光面爆破参数,对不耦合系数为3.8、3.9、4.0的炮孔分别进行无导爆索起爆的光面爆破试验,并分析光爆孔半孔率情况,比较3种不耦合系数炮孔的光面爆破效果。结果表明,各光爆孔使用无导爆索起爆的装药结构均能顺利起爆,3种不耦合系数下炮孔半孔率依次为78.40%、89.60%、57.60%。该新型光面爆破技术试验较好的不耦合系数为3.9。

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徐恒阳(2001—),男,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,从事控制爆破理论方面的研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=lNZCoUMGFqhp+sYBqTusDg==, magXml=4PzSmlrvDorqQEei2OgZgw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wK1fOPb2CXkbDbleranY3w==, pdfFileSize=1515556, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Lv71R9S/W8lg38yOhh6wwQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kczDpHDqseqtAzpXoGmVDQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

薛斌(1988—),男,安徽宿州人,工程师,从事公路隧道相关工作。E-mail:

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薛斌(1988—),男,安徽宿州人,工程师,从事公路隧道相关工作。E-mail:

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薛斌(1988—),男,安徽宿州人,工程师,从事公路隧道相关工作。E-mail:

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密度/(kg·m-3纵波速度/(m·s-1平均抗拉强度/MPa平均抗压强度/MPa平均弹性模量/GPa平均泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
2.6935 7465.971111.56659.3780.22412.9845.08
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石灰岩力学参数

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密度/(kg·m-3纵波速度/(m·s-1平均抗拉强度/MPa平均抗压强度/MPa平均弹性模量/GPa平均泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
2.6935 7465.971111.56659.3780.22412.9845.08
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殉爆距离/cm质量/g爆速/(m·s-1做功能力/mL药卷密度/(g·cm-3药卷直径/mm
≥103004 000≥2601.2432±1
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32 mm乳化炸药性能指标

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殉爆距离/cm质量/g爆速/(m·s-1做功能力/mL药卷密度/(g·cm-3药卷直径/mm
≥103004 000≥2601.2432±1
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工程案例台阶高度/m孔径/mm药包直径/mm线装药密度/(kg·m-1
宜柳高速公路高边坡1290320.50~1.00
黄衢高速公路边坡1090320.35~0.88
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类似边坡爆破参数

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工程案例台阶高度/m孔径/mm药包直径/mm线装药密度/(kg·m-1
宜柳高速公路高边坡1290320.50~1.00
黄衢高速公路边坡1090320.35~0.88
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编号孔径/mm孔深/m炮孔间距/m装药量/kg不耦合系数雷管/个雷管距孔口距离/m堵塞长度/m
1#9012.51.56.93.824.5/9.91.5
2#9012.51.56.93.824.5/10.11.5
3#9012.51.56.53.924.6/10.11.5
4#9012.51.56.53.924.7/9.81.5
5#9012.51.56.34.024.9/10.01.5
6#9012.51.56.34.024.7/10.11.5
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炮孔参数

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编号孔径/mm孔深/m炮孔间距/m装药量/kg不耦合系数雷管/个雷管距孔口距离/m堵塞长度/m
1#9012.51.56.93.824.5/9.91.5
2#9012.51.56.93.824.5/10.11.5
3#9012.51.56.53.924.6/10.11.5
4#9012.51.56.53.924.7/9.81.5
5#9012.51.56.34.024.9/10.01.5
6#9012.51.56.34.024.7/10.11.5
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编号炸药起爆情况半孔率/%
孔上部孔中部孔底部孔上部孔中部孔底部整体
1#起爆起爆起爆80.0092.5062.2277.60
2#起爆起爆起爆87.5080.0077.5078.40
3#起爆起爆起爆100.00100.0071.1189.60
4#起爆起爆起爆0.0062.5051.1138.40
5#起爆起爆起爆72.5060.0042.2257.60
6#起爆起爆起爆100.0050.000.0048.00
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试验结果表

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编号炸药起爆情况半孔率/%
孔上部孔中部孔底部孔上部孔中部孔底部整体
1#起爆起爆起爆80.0092.5062.2277.60
2#起爆起爆起爆87.5080.0077.5078.40
3#起爆起爆起爆100.00100.0071.1189.60
4#起爆起爆起爆0.0062.5051.1138.40
5#起爆起爆起爆72.5060.0042.2257.60
6#起爆起爆起爆100.0050.000.0048.00
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新型光面爆破技术在边坡开挖中的应用
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薛斌 1 , 徐恒阳 2 , 魏快快 2 , 肖宇航 2 , 李启月 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024,44(6): 28-31
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024, 44(6): 28-31
新型光面爆破技术在边坡开挖中的应用
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薛斌1 , 徐恒阳2 , 魏快快2, 肖宇航2, 李启月2
作者信息
  • 1.中交中南工程局有限公司,湖南 长沙 410118
  • 2.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 薛斌(1988—),男,安徽宿州人,工程师,从事公路隧道相关工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

徐恒阳(2001—),男,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,从事控制爆破理论方面的研究。E-mail:
Application of New Smooth Blasting Technology in Slope Excavation
Bin XUE1 , Hengyang XU2 , Kuaikuai WEI2, Yuhang XIAO2, Qiyue LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.CCCC Central-South Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., Changsha 410118, Hunan, China
  • 2.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.006
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为了改善传统光面爆破技术成本高、噪声大、效率低等问题,提出了一种无导爆索起爆的新型装药结构。根据光面爆破的要求,确定了光面爆破参数,对不耦合系数为3.8、3.9、4.0的炮孔分别进行无导爆索起爆的光面爆破试验,并分析光爆孔半孔率情况,比较3种不耦合系数炮孔的光面爆破效果。结果表明,各光爆孔使用无导爆索起爆的装药结构均能顺利起爆,3种不耦合系数下炮孔半孔率依次为78.40%、89.60%、57.60%。该新型光面爆破技术试验较好的不耦合系数为3.9。

边坡开挖  /  光面爆破  /  装药结构  /  爆破参数  /  无导爆索起爆  /  不耦合系数  /  爆破效果  /  半孔率

In order to address problems of high cost, high noise and low efficiency of traditional smooth blasting technology, a new charging structure without a detonating cord was proposed, and the parameters were determined according to the requirements of smooth blasting. Tests on smooth blasting without a detonating cord were carried out for blastholes with non-coupling coefficients of 3.8, 3.9 and 4.0, respectively. Based on the analysis of the half-hole rate after smooth blasting, the smooth blasting effects of blastholes corresponding to three non-coupling coefficients were analyzed based on comparison. The results show that each blasthole for smooth blasting can be successfully initiated by using a charging structure without a detonating cord, and the half-hole rates of blastholes are 78.40%, 89.60% and 57.60% respectively corresponding to those three non-coupling coefficients. It is concluded that an optimal non-coupling coefficient of this new smooth blasting technology in the test is 3.9.

slope excavation  /  smooth blasting  /  charging structure  /  blasting parameters  /  blasting without a detonating cord  /  non-coupling coefficient  /  blasting effect  /  half-hole rate
薛斌, 徐恒阳, 魏快快, 肖宇航, 李启月. 新型光面爆破技术在边坡开挖中的应用. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 28 -31 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.006
Bin XUE, Hengyang XU, Kuaikuai WEI, Yuhang XIAO, Qiyue LI. Application of New Smooth Blasting Technology in Slope Excavation[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (6) : 28 -31 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.006
采用光面爆破技术开挖边坡,能够在对周边围岩破坏性极小的情况下达到边坡开挖轮廓面光滑、完整与美观的效果[1-2]。在光面爆破施工中,为了形成光滑平整的开挖面,使新壁面保持平整而不受明显破坏,除了选择合适的药量以及炮眼参数之外,装药结构也极为重要[3-4]。传统装药结构中,炮孔内敷设全长导爆索实现引爆,但在公路边坡开挖中,与炸药和雷管等其他爆破材料相比,导爆索价格昂贵,且需要耗费大量时间安装,增加了工人的劳动强度[5]。因此,优化装药结构对改善爆破质量、降低爆破成本具有重要意义。
为了提高炸药能量利用率、降低爆破成本、提高爆破效果,光面爆破装药结构一般采用不耦合装药更为合适[6-7]。已有学者[8-9]对不耦合装药结构进行了研究,分析了不耦合装药结构的特点及不耦合系数的计算等,取得了丰硕的成果。本文基于已有研究成果,以公路边坡开挖为例,采用无导爆索新型装药技术,对不同不耦合系数的不连续装药结构光面爆破进行现场试验,旨在确定适宜的光面爆破参数,提高炮孔半孔率,达到更好的光面爆破效果。
本次试验在某公路五级边坡的第二级边坡上进行。该边坡10 m台阶一次爆破开挖成形,边坡比为1∶0.75。试验地点地表覆盖层为第四系残坡积粉质黏土,黏土呈褐色,干强度中等,韧性中等;土石工程分级为Ⅴ次坚石,岩石中等风化,岩体较完整,岩质较硬。岩体内主要发育2组构造裂隙,对边坡稳定性影响小。岩石为石灰岩,其力学参数如表1所示。
本次试验使用一种无导爆索装药结构,如图1所示,取消导爆索连接,采用空气多段间隔装药结构,摒弃了传统的每个装药段用一发雷管起爆结构。该装药结构炮孔上下1/3处各放置1个传爆雷管,利用殉爆原理实现孔内起爆,雷管聚能穴指向孔口,反向起爆。将乳化炸药绑扎好放入光爆孔内,在孔口固定好后与主爆孔区起爆网路连接,实现起爆。采用此种装药结构时,其装药量等光爆孔参数与导爆索装药结构一致。32 mm乳化炸药性能指标如表2所示。
按照理论方法与参考类似工程经验相结合的方式,结合现场实际施工情况,最终确定适用的光爆孔参数。
2个光爆孔之间形成贯穿裂纹的必要条件为2个光爆孔之间的距离a应满足:
式中:Is(50)为岩石点荷载强度指标;α为爆破应力波在岩体中传播的衰减系数,α=(2-μ/(1-μ);P1为爆破冲击波的最大初始冲击压力;μ为岩体材料泊松比;d为爆破孔直径;b为爆破切向应力和径向应力之比,b=μ/(1-μ)。
代入相关数据,得出光爆孔间距a=1.0 m。
光爆层厚度即最小抵抗线,不仅影响光爆孔贯穿裂缝的形成,而且还影响边坡面平整光滑程度以及后期边坡稳定。光爆层厚度计算公式为:
式中:c为光爆系数,相当于炸药单耗量;l为光爆孔孔深;q为爆破孔装药量,q=6.3 kg。
代入相关数据,计算得出光爆层厚度,故设计为1.5 m。
光面爆破堵塞长度L应大于等于光爆层厚度,故取L=1.5 m。
试验中药包以及炮孔直径不变,故试验中径向不耦合系数为固定值。可通过改变药卷数量来改变轴向不耦合系数,即改变光爆孔不耦合系数。由装药结构要求提出以下要求:
1)为了保证孔壁岩石不形成压缩粉碎,要求孔壁岩石上爆破冲击波的初始最大压力P必须小于等于岩石极限抗压强度σc
2)为了保证炮孔周围形成一定数量的微小裂纹,使炮孔连心线方向形成预裂缝,要求作用于岩石上的切向伴生拉应力P2必须大于等于岩石动抗拉强度σtd
式中:σtd为岩石动抗拉强度,一般为抗拉强度σt的1.3~1.5倍。此时求得的不耦合系数是仅仅保证孔壁有裂缝的极限值。
3)为了保证炮孔之间形成贯穿裂缝,还要求炮孔间距l小于等于爆生裂缝长度E
式中RcRa分别为爆炸应力波和爆生气体静压作用下产生的裂缝长度。
根据不耦合系数条件限制[7],计算得出不耦合系数kc范围为3.68~5.18。
参考类似边坡项目(见表3),根据工程经验确定本试验线装药密度为0.5、0.52、0.55 kg/m,根据孔深得到每个光爆孔装药量,并代入公式(6),取不耦合系数为3.8、3.9、4.0分别进行试验。
式中qv为炮孔内体积装药密度;V1为炮孔体积;V0为炸药体积;kc为不耦合系数;ρ0为炸药密度。
在间隔装药结构中,空气间隔装药有利于延长爆压作用时间,增加爆破冲量,提高爆破能量的有效利用率,还能避免炸药过于集中造成部分孔壁过度破坏。空气间隔长度变化的影响如下:当炸药种类、孔径等条件一定,随着间隔比例增大,爆破峰值压力呈现非线性减小的规律;间隔比例过大,爆压会下降到介质的断裂强度以下,反而不能进一步扩大介质裂隙范围,导致大块率提高。根据已有工程经验,本次试验确定空气间隔为0.5 m。
采用3种不耦合系数进行试验,装药结构如图2所示,共6个光爆孔,编号为1#~6#,选用非电毫秒延时导爆管雷管起爆。1#、2#孔采用光爆孔A装药结构,单孔装药量为6.9 kg,理论不耦合系数为3.8;3#、4#孔采用光爆孔B装药结构,单孔装药量为6.5 kg,理论不耦合系数为3.9;5#、6#孔采用光爆孔C装药结构,单孔装药量为6.3 kg,理论不耦合系数为4.0。考虑到钻孔设备条件有限,炮孔深浅不一,导致实际不耦合系数与理论设计值有一定偏差,但从光面爆破效果角度考虑,该偏差对结果影响较小,可忽略不计。
炮孔参数如表4所示。
试验现场炮孔由光爆孔及过渡孔、主爆孔组成。光爆孔1排,采用六段式装药;过渡孔布置3排;主爆孔1排。起爆网路如图3所示。通过起爆孔外一发雷管引爆炮孔,起爆顺序为:主爆孔→过渡孔→光爆孔。
按照试验方案进行试验后,检查现场发现,在仅起爆一发孔外雷管的条件下,1#~6#炮孔均能顺利起爆且均未发现残药。主爆孔附近岩体产生了很多贯穿裂纹,并未形成大块度岩石,不需要进行二次破碎,有利于形成自由面。6个光爆孔孔壁岩石均未发生压缩性破坏,孔口保护较完好,周围并未形成粉碎区。
光爆孔试验现场如图4所示。将爆破后一半残留、一半被炸掉的炮孔称为半孔,半孔与炮孔总长度的比值为半孔率。光爆孔半孔分布情况如图5所示。1#和2#炮孔上、中、底部各段均出现较为明显半孔,整体半孔率分别为77.60%、78.40%;3#和4#炮孔中,3#炮孔半孔程度较高,整体半孔率为89.60%,4#炮孔上部半孔率为0;5#和6#炮孔中,5#炮孔整体半孔率为57.6%,6#炮孔仅在上、中部出现半孔,底部半孔率为0。
由以上试验结果可得,不耦合系数分别为3.8、3.9、4.0情况下,炸药全部起爆且无残药现象,光爆孔孔口损坏程度较轻,各孔口之间形成连贯裂纹,可以有效保护边坡轮廓线以内的岩体,既保证了边坡成形规整、平滑,又节省边坡维护成本,为快速施工创造了条件。
各光爆孔起爆情况与半孔率统计结果如表5所示,1#~6#炮孔全部起爆成功,说明在不使用导爆索的情况下,本试验采用的新型装药结构可以应用于公路边坡开挖的光面爆破工程,后续工程可不受爆破器材等因素的限制,有效改善了工程成本高、效率低等问题。1#~6#炮孔整体半孔率分别为77.60%、78.40%、89.60%、38.40%、57.60%、48.00%。需要说明的是,不耦合系数为3.9的光爆孔整体半孔率差异较大,且4#炮孔上部半孔率为0,由图4可知,其原因可能是4#炮孔所处位置岩石风化程度严重,导致光爆孔壁并未顺着炮孔中心连线形成裂纹;也可能是前期打孔误差较大,偏离了边坡轮廓面。综上,不耦合系数3.9的不连续装药结构的爆破效果优于不耦合系数3.8、4.0的不连续装药结构。
1)公路边坡光面爆破中选取合适的不耦合系数可以极大限度保证爆破后光爆孔的平整度及半孔率,有助于满足工程要求。
2)采用新型光面爆破不连续装药结构,在无导爆索情况下,3种非连续六段式不耦合装药使用两发雷管均可完成起爆,降低了爆破成本,可大幅度提高工作效率。
3)现场试验在不耦合系数3.9的爆破参数条件下,边坡工程爆破可保持较高的半孔率,取得了较好的爆破效果,后续工程可以此爆破参数为基础。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.006
  • 接收时间:2024-06-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13
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    1.中交中南工程局有限公司,湖南 长沙 410118
    2.中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083

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徐恒阳(2001—),男,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,从事控制爆破理论方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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