Article(id=1241406719335649992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717776000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904026110, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904026110, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904026110, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904026110, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241406711219680205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904024176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773911273793, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241437118384362345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241437118388556650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=11, endPage=15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241406720455529182, articleId=1241406719335649992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Rock Fragmentation Patterns in Tunnels with Interbedded Surrounding Rock by Blasting with Slotted Blastholes, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the relative position between interbedded surrounding rock and the peripheral holes, the relationship between bedding planes and the connecting line of the adjacent blastholes was classified into three kinds. Mechanism for bedding planes bringing impact to crack propagation in rocks between blastholes by blasting under typical work conditions (with bedding planes on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of blastholes) was explored by the LS-DYNA numerical simulation; and the effect of bedding planes in a different relative position to the connecting line of blastholes on the blasting effect of surrounding rock was also studied. It is found that the propagation speed of blasting vibration waves in sandstone is slightly higher than that in sandy mudstone. Under blasting loads, the surrounding rock above both softer layer and the beddings suffer severe damage. The superposition of two-blasthole blasting vibration wave peaks intensifies the damage to the surrounding rock. The blasting effect is poor when the bedding plane penetrates the blastholes, but the blasting effect is ideal if the bedding plane is on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of blastholes.

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根据互层状围岩与周边孔的相对位置关系,对围岩互层面与两邻近周边孔连心线相对位置关系进行分类;采用LS-DYNA数值模拟方法,探究典型工况(围岩互层面与炮孔连心中垂线重合)下,互层面对孔间围岩爆破裂纹扩展的影响机理;并对围岩互层面与炮孔连心线不同相对位置关系下,围岩互层面对孔间围岩爆破成形效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明,砂岩中的爆破振动波传播速度略高于砂质泥岩中的传播速度;爆破荷载下,较软岩层和互层面上围岩受损严重;两炮孔爆破振动波峰叠加加剧了围岩损伤;互层面贯穿炮孔时爆破效果欠佳,互层面位于炮孔连心中垂线时爆破效果较理想。

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张学富(1970—),男,重庆合川人,博士,教授,主要从事岩土工程、桥隧工程方面的研究。E-mail:
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熊成宇(1972—),男,湖南永州人,高级工程师,主要从事公路桥梁隧道技术管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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熊成宇(1972—),男,湖南永州人,高级工程师,主要从事公路桥梁隧道技术管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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熊成宇(1972—),男,湖南永州人,高级工程师,主要从事公路桥梁隧道技术管理方面的工作。E-mail:

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(a)工况1;(b)工况2;(c)工况3;(d)工况4;(e)工况5

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岩性密度/(kg·m-3剪切模量/GPa静态单轴压缩强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa断裂前应变量
砂岩2 2053.76541.466.530.015 4
砂质泥岩2 5101.01511.962.010.063 7
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岩性密度/(kg·m-3剪切模量/GPa静态单轴压缩强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa断裂前应变量
砂岩2 2053.76541.466.530.015 4
砂质泥岩2 5101.01511.962.010.063 7
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密度/(kg·m-3爆速/(m·s-1A/GPaB/GPaR1R2wE0/GPa
1 0003 4002290.556.51.00.353.51
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炸药材料参数

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1 0003 4002290.556.51.00.353.51
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密度/(kg·m-3C0C1C2C3C4C5C6E0/GPa
1.2900000.40.400.025
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空气材料参数

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密度/(kg·m-3C0C1C2C3C4C5C6E0/GPa
1.2900000.40.400.025
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互层状围岩隧道切槽爆破破岩规律研究
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熊成宇 1 , 张建 2 , 刘向阳 1 , 张学富 3 , 黄耀民 1 , 胡波 2 , 余标 1 , 林高宇 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024,44(6): 11-15
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024, 44(6): 11-15
互层状围岩隧道切槽爆破破岩规律研究
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熊成宇1 , 张建2, 刘向阳1, 张学富3 , 黄耀民1, 胡波2, 余标1, 林高宇2
作者信息
  • 1.中交一公局第四工程有限公司,广西 南宁 530000
  • 2.重庆交通大学 土木工程学院,重庆 400074
  • 3.重庆交通大学 未来土木科技研究院,重庆 400074
  • 熊成宇(1972—),男,湖南永州人,高级工程师,主要从事公路桥梁隧道技术管理方面的工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张学富(1970—),男,重庆合川人,博士,教授,主要从事岩土工程、桥隧工程方面的研究。E-mail:
Rock Fragmentation Patterns in Tunnels with Interbedded Surrounding Rock by Blasting with Slotted Blastholes
Chengyu XIONG1 , Jian ZHANG2, Xiangyang LIU1, Xuefu ZHANG3 , Yaomin HUANG1, Bo HU2, Biao YU1, Gaoyu LIN2
Affiliations
  • 1.The Fourth Engineering Co., Ltd. of CCCC First Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
  • 3.Institute of Future Civil Engineering Science and Technology, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.003
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根据互层状围岩与周边孔的相对位置关系,对围岩互层面与两邻近周边孔连心线相对位置关系进行分类;采用LS-DYNA数值模拟方法,探究典型工况(围岩互层面与炮孔连心中垂线重合)下,互层面对孔间围岩爆破裂纹扩展的影响机理;并对围岩互层面与炮孔连心线不同相对位置关系下,围岩互层面对孔间围岩爆破成形效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明,砂岩中的爆破振动波传播速度略高于砂质泥岩中的传播速度;爆破荷载下,较软岩层和互层面上围岩受损严重;两炮孔爆破振动波峰叠加加剧了围岩损伤;互层面贯穿炮孔时爆破效果欠佳,互层面位于炮孔连心中垂线时爆破效果较理想。

隧道爆破  /  互层状围岩  /  切槽爆破  /  裂纹扩展  /  互层面  /  周边孔  /  爆破振动  /  围岩损伤

According to the relative position between interbedded surrounding rock and the peripheral holes, the relationship between bedding planes and the connecting line of the adjacent blastholes was classified into three kinds. Mechanism for bedding planes bringing impact to crack propagation in rocks between blastholes by blasting under typical work conditions (with bedding planes on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of blastholes) was explored by the LS-DYNA numerical simulation; and the effect of bedding planes in a different relative position to the connecting line of blastholes on the blasting effect of surrounding rock was also studied. It is found that the propagation speed of blasting vibration waves in sandstone is slightly higher than that in sandy mudstone. Under blasting loads, the surrounding rock above both softer layer and the beddings suffer severe damage. The superposition of two-blasthole blasting vibration wave peaks intensifies the damage to the surrounding rock. The blasting effect is poor when the bedding plane penetrates the blastholes, but the blasting effect is ideal if the bedding plane is on the perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of blastholes.

tunnel blasting  /  interbedded surrounding rock  /  blasting with slotted blasthole  /  crack propagation  /  bedding plane  /  peripheral hole  /  blasting vibration  /  surrounding rock damage
熊成宇, 张建, 刘向阳, 张学富, 黄耀民, 胡波, 余标, 林高宇. 互层状围岩隧道切槽爆破破岩规律研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 11 -15 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.003
Chengyu XIONG, Jian ZHANG, Xiangyang LIU, Xuefu ZHANG, Yaomin HUANG, Bo HU, Biao YU, Gaoyu LIN. Rock Fragmentation Patterns in Tunnels with Interbedded Surrounding Rock by Blasting with Slotted Blastholes[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (6) : 11 -15 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.003
岩体构造是隧道工程中影响工程质量的关键因素[1]。互层状岩体[2]由两种不同岩性的岩层交互形成,其层间胶结力差、岩体强度低。当在互层状围岩中爆破掘进隧道时,爆破能量与围岩内部的互层构造互相作用,极易出现岩层剥落、掉块,超欠挖以及围岩损伤等情况[3-5],严重超挖甚至会引起隧道掌子面岩体失稳、塌方等事故[6],显著增加了施工难度与安全风险,因此,亟须开展互层状围岩爆破损伤特征研究[7]
切槽爆破技术在切槽方向上可实现应力集中,从而使爆生裂纹按预定方向发展[8-11],为互层状围岩爆破存在的问题提供了解决思路。
目前对互层状围岩切槽爆破破岩规律研究较少,切槽爆破聚能和应力导向规律尚不清晰。本文依托某隧道工程,采用数值模拟方法,探讨互层状围岩隧道爆破施工过程中互层空间位置分布特征对爆破成形效果的影响规律,以期为类似工程提供经验借鉴。
根据渝武高速某隧道工程实际情况,对所研究互层状围岩作出如下限定:
1)围岩互层面垂直于隧道横断面。
2)围岩互层厚度为每层2 m。
3)围岩岩性为砂岩-砂质泥岩互层。
图1为围岩互层面与周边孔连心线的位置关系,可分为垂直、斜交或平行3种。本文对围岩互层面与炮孔连心线垂直情况下的互层面对两邻近周边孔爆破效果的影响展开研究。
HJC模型是引入应变率效应而提出的一种岩石动态损伤本构模型,其中极限面描述为损伤、应变率与静水压力的函数[12]。本文选用*MAT_JOHNSON_HOLMQUIST_CONCRETE材料模型,砂岩与砂质泥岩的力学参数[13]表1
选用2号岩石乳化炸药,其物理力学参数如表2所示。炸药材料选用LS-DYNA内嵌高能炸药材料模型*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN,对应的JWL状态方程[14]为:
式中:p为爆轰产物压力;V为相对体积;E0为初始比内能;ABR1R2w均为材料常数。
采用不耦合装药结构[15],耦合介质为空气,采用流固耦合算法,炮孔周围部分空气域与围岩耦合。采用LS-DYNA程序提供的空白材料模型*MAT_NULL模拟空气域,其线性多项式*EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL状态方程为:
式中:C0C6均为常数;u为动态黏度。对应的参数取值见表3
为提高计算效率,采用准二维模型、装药炮孔同时起爆。根据围岩互层面与炮孔连心线相对位置关系,基于LS-DYNA显式有限元分析软件建立不同工况相应的计算模型,如图2所示。图2中工况模型采用相同尺寸、参数、算法,区别仅在于围岩互层面与两炮孔连心线的相对位置关系。
以工况2(围岩互层面贯穿2#炮孔)计算模型为例,为了避免模型边界对计算结果的影响,模型整体尺寸150 cm×200 cm,如图3所示。
围岩为砂岩-砂质泥岩互层,共4个周边孔,直径42 mm,切槽深度10 mm,角度60°,炮孔中心间距50 cm,光爆层厚度50 cm,2号岩石乳化炸药直径32 mm,采用径向不耦合装药结构,耦合介质为空气。模型上、左、右边界均设置为无反射边界以模拟无限远的围岩;下边界设置为自由边界以模拟光爆层。由于模型采用准二维计算模型,Z方向划分为1个单元,所有网格节点施加Z方向位移约束,该方法可显著减小模型计算量。
采用LS-DYNA进行爆破仿真计算,并利用LS-PREPOST进行计算结果的显式分析。图4为围岩互层面与炮孔连心中垂线重合时(工况3)起爆后围岩应力波及裂纹云图。
分析图4可知:炸药起爆后15 μs时砂岩层粉碎区形成,21 μs时砂质泥岩层粉碎区形成,37 μs时砂岩层破碎区形成,52 μs时砂质泥岩层破碎区形成;砂岩层中1#和2#炮孔振动波峰在52 μs时相遇叠加,互层面两侧2#和3#炮孔振动波峰在56.8 μs时相遇叠加,砂质泥岩层中3#和4#炮孔振动波峰在58 μs时相遇叠加;互层面两侧炮孔振动波传播至互层面时,有明显被互层面吸收的现象;砂岩层和砂质泥岩层炮孔振动波分别在113 μs和125 μs时传播至自由面并产生反射拉伸应力波,造成光爆层岩体受拉破坏出现层裂,对应爆破振动波在砂岩与砂质泥岩中传播速度分别为4 424 m/s和4 000 m/s;143 μs时孔间贯通裂纹形成,开挖轮廓面基本形成;150 μs时裂纹扩展趋于稳定,裂纹区形成。以上结果表明,砂岩中爆破振动波传播速度略高于砂质泥岩中的传播速度。
图5为工况3砂岩层2#炮孔面(贯穿炮孔且垂直于炮孔连心线)、砂质泥岩层3#炮孔面、围岩互层面上超挖深度时程曲线。t=0~58 μs时,砂岩层2#炮孔面超挖深度随时间增大至15.5 cm,t=58~113 μs时缓慢增大至19.0 cm后停止增大;t=0~143 μs时,砂质泥岩3#炮孔面超挖深度随时间匀速增大至49.5 cm;围岩互层面在68 μs时开始出现损伤,超挖深度随着两侧炮孔振动波峰的叠加迅速延伸,在150 μs时增大至49.6 cm。以上结果表明,相同爆破荷载下互层围岩中较软岩层受破坏更严重,导致更大的超挖量;两炮孔振动波峰的叠加会加剧对围岩的损伤。
图6t=150 μs时各工况整体模型围岩应力波及裂纹扩展云图,探究互层面与炮孔连心线不同相对位置关系对2#、3#炮孔间围岩爆破效果的影响。
当互层面贯穿2#炮孔(工况2)时,2#、3#炮孔间为砂质泥岩,两炮孔间裂纹未贯穿且2#炮孔一侧裂纹扩展距离较短,互层面上砂质泥岩一侧超挖较为严重;互层面贯穿3#炮孔(工况4)时,2#、3#炮孔间为砂岩,两炮孔间裂纹未贯穿且在3#炮孔裂纹扩展距离较短,互层面上砂质泥岩一侧超挖较为严重。以上结果表明:互层面吸收爆破能量较多,互层面上围岩损伤严重;互层面贯穿炮孔时,爆破能量有向较软岩层一端倾斜的趋势,易导致较硬一端围岩裂纹不贯通。
2#、3#炮孔间为砂质泥岩(工况1)时,2#、3#炮孔爆破效果几乎相同,孔间裂纹基本贯通;2#、3#炮孔间为砂岩(工况5)时,2#、3#炮孔爆破效果几乎相同,炮孔间形成贯通裂纹;互层面位于2#、3#炮孔间(工况3)时,孔间裂纹贯通。以上结果表明,互层面位于炮孔连心中垂线时,孔间爆破效果较为理想。
图7t=150 μs时2#炮孔面、3#炮孔面、围岩互层面的超挖深度。对比2#炮孔面、3#炮孔面超挖深度,当互层面距离2#、3#炮孔连心中垂线50 m(工况1、5)时,靠近互层面的炮孔超挖深度较低;当互层面贯穿炮孔(工况2、4)时,互层面上炮孔超挖深度较高,表明互层面对爆破能量有吸收作用;当互层面垂直2#、3#炮孔连心线(工况3)时,砂质泥岩中炮孔面超挖深度显著大于砂岩中炮孔面超挖深度,再次说明较软岩受爆破损伤更严重。
围岩互层面上超挖深度分析结果表明,互层面上超挖深度普遍较大,且工况1、3、5的超挖深度大于工况2、4的超挖深度,再次说明2#、3#炮孔振动波峰叠加加剧了围岩的损伤。
依托渝武高速某隧道工程,根据现场实际情况开展数值模拟研究,分析围岩互层面与2#、3#炮孔连心中垂线重合(工况3)时的爆破发展,分析t=150 μs时各工况应力波及裂纹扩展云图、超挖量。研究发现:
1)砂岩中的爆破振动波传播速度略高于砂质泥岩中的爆破振动波传播速度。
2)相同爆破荷载下互层状围岩中较软岩层受破坏更严重,导致更大的超挖量;2#、3#炮孔振动波峰叠加会加剧围岩损伤。
3)互层面吸收爆破能量较多,互层面上围岩损伤严重;互层面贯穿炮孔时,爆破能量有向较软岩层一端倾斜的趋势,易导致较硬一端围岩裂纹不贯通;互层面位于炮孔连心中垂线时,孔间爆破效果较为理想。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2600103-01)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52204087)
  • 重庆市交通科技项目(CQJT-CZKJ2023-04)
  • 重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202200746)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.003
  • 接收时间:2024-06-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-08
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2600103-01)
国家自然科学基金(52204087)
重庆市交通科技项目(CQJT-CZKJ2023-04)
重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202200746)
作者信息
    1.中交一公局第四工程有限公司,广西 南宁 530000
    2.重庆交通大学 土木工程学院,重庆 400074
    3.重庆交通大学 未来土木科技研究院,重庆 400074

通讯作者:

张学富(1970—),男,重庆合川人,博士,教授,主要从事岩土工程、桥隧工程方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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