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Article(id=1241406718010249891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904025795, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904025795, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904025795, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904025795, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241406711219680205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904024176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773911273793, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241437118384362345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241437118388556650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=50, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241406718303851183, articleId=1241406718010249891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Flotation of Highly Alkali-Depressed Pyrite Activated by Using Acid Mine Drainage Combined with Pulp Regulator, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Acid mine drainage (AMD) and a pulp regulator, TY-308, were used combinedly for activation in flotation of highly alkali-depressed pyrite, in which AMD was used to neutralize the pulp alkalinity, and TY-308 used to reduce the negative effect of AMD on flotation. A closed-circuit test on flotation with the process consisting of one-stage roughing, one-stage cleaning and one-stage scavenging yielded a pyrite concentrate grading 48.73% S at 97.93% recovery. Compared with the practice using sulfuric acid as the activator, the sulfur recovery can be increased by 1.34 percentage points. Furthermore, not only the cost for AMD treatment will be significantly reduced, but the safety risk associated with the use of concentrated sulfuric acid can be avoided.

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采用酸性废水与矿浆调整剂组合活化被高碱抑制的黄铁矿，利用酸性废水调节矿浆碱度，同时以TY-308为矿浆调整剂降低酸性废水对浮选的负面影响。闭路试验结果表明，经过“一粗一精一扫”浮选，可获得硫品位48.73%、回收率97.93%的硫精矿；与浓硫酸为活化剂相比，硫回收率提高了1.34百分点；同时有望大幅降低酸性废水处理成本，且可避免浓硫酸使用过程中的安全隐患。

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唐鸿鹄（1988—），男，湖南永州人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为硫化矿浮选工艺及二次资源综合利用等。E-mail：
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曾勇（1993—），男，江西赣州人，博士研究生，主要研究方向为硫化矿浮选分离。E-mail：

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曾勇（1993—），男，江西赣州人，博士研究生，主要研究方向为硫化矿浮选分离。E-mail：

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曾勇（1993—），男，江西赣州人，博士研究生，主要研究方向为硫化矿浮选分离。E-mail：

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矿物类别矿物名称质量分数/%占有率/%
金属硫化物黄铜矿0.683.58
砷黝铜矿0.311.63
硫砷铜矿0.201.05
黝铜矿0.040.21
闪锌矿0.180.95
方铅矿0.040.21
黄铁矿/毒砂17.5592.37
合计19.00100.00
脉石及其他氧化铁矿物3.504.32
石英、长石43.9554.26
绢云母31.9039.38
其他1.652.04
合计81.00100.00
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原矿主要矿物组成

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矿物类别矿物名称质量分数/%占有率/%
金属硫化物黄铜矿0.683.58
砷黝铜矿0.311.63
硫砷铜矿0.201.05
黝铜矿0.040.21
闪锌矿0.180.95
方铅矿0.040.21
黄铁矿/毒砂17.5592.37
合计19.00100.00
脉石及其他氧化铁矿物3.504.32
石英、长石43.9554.26
绢云母31.9039.38
其他1.652.04
合计81.00100.00
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AlCaCdCoCuFe
356.8336.81.63.650.61 989
PKMgMnNiS
1.08.62 081960.35.05 751
SiZnCrNaPb
35.6657.80.25112.21.0
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AMD主要元素含量（质量浓度）

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AlCaCdCoCuFe
356.8336.81.63.650.61 989
PKMgMnNiS
1.08.62 081960.35.05 751
SiZnCrNaPb
35.6657.80.25112.21.0
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药剂制度产品名称产率/%硫品位/%硫回收率/%
浓硫酸3 000 g/t精矿54.5649.3296.59
尾矿45.442.093.41
给矿100.0027.58100.00
AMD+TY-308 0.2 m3/t+100 g/t精矿56.8748.7397.93
尾矿43.131.362.07
给矿100.0027.86100.00
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闭路试验结果

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药剂制度产品名称产率/%硫品位/%硫回收率/%
浓硫酸3 000 g/t精矿54.5649.3296.59
尾矿45.442.093.41
给矿100.0027.58100.00
AMD+TY-308 0.2 m3/t+100 g/t精矿56.8748.7397.93
尾矿43.131.362.07
给矿100.0027.86100.00
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矿山酸性废水与矿浆调整剂组合活化浮选高碱抑制的黄铁矿
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曾勇 1, 2 , 申滔 3 , 华中宝 1, 2 , 熊琪 1, 2 , 陈延 3 , 王丽 1, 2 , 孙伟 1, 2 , 唐鸿鹄 1, 2 , 伍喜庆 1, 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024,44(6): 50-53
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024, 44(6): 50-53
矿山酸性废水与矿浆调整剂组合活化浮选高碱抑制的黄铁矿
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曾勇1, 2 , 申滔3, 华中宝1, 2, 熊琪1, 2, 陈延3, 王丽1, 2, 孙伟1, 2, 唐鸿鹄1, 2 , 伍喜庆1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学　资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
  • 2.中南大学　金属资源开发利用碳减排教育部工程研究中心，湖南　长沙　410083
  • 3.江西铜业集团银山矿业有限责任公司，江西　上饶　334201

    • 曾勇（1993—），男，江西赣州人，博士研究生，主要研究方向为硫化矿浮选分离。E-mail：

通讯作者:

唐鸿鹄（1988—），男，湖南永州人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为硫化矿浮选工艺及二次资源综合利用等。E-mail：
Flotation of Highly Alkali-Depressed Pyrite Activated by Using Acid Mine Drainage Combined with Pulp Regulator
Yong ZENG1, 2 , Tao SHEN3, Zhongbao HUA1, 2, Qi XIONG1, 2, Yan CHEN3, Li WANG1, 2, Wei SUN1, 2, Honghu TANG1, 2 , Xiqing WU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 2.Engineering Research Center of Carbon Emission Reduction in Development and Utilization of Metal Resources, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 3.Yinshan Mining Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Copper Corporation Limited, Shangrao 334201, Jiangxi, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.011
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摘要
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采用酸性废水与矿浆调整剂组合活化被高碱抑制的黄铁矿，利用酸性废水调节矿浆碱度，同时以TY-308为矿浆调整剂降低酸性废水对浮选的负面影响。闭路试验结果表明，经过“一粗一精一扫”浮选，可获得硫品位48.73%、回收率97.93%的硫精矿；与浓硫酸为活化剂相比，硫回收率提高了1.34百分点；同时有望大幅降低酸性废水处理成本，且可避免浓硫酸使用过程中的安全隐患。

黄铁矿  /  酸性废水  /  浓硫酸  /  活化  /  高碱  /  硫精矿  /  调整剂  /  浮选

Acid mine drainage (AMD) and a pulp regulator, TY-308, were used combinedly for activation in flotation of highly alkali-depressed pyrite, in which AMD was used to neutralize the pulp alkalinity, and TY-308 used to reduce the negative effect of AMD on flotation. A closed-circuit test on flotation with the process consisting of one-stage roughing, one-stage cleaning and one-stage scavenging yielded a pyrite concentrate grading 48.73% S at 97.93% recovery. Compared with the practice using sulfuric acid as the activator, the sulfur recovery can be increased by 1.34 percentage points. Furthermore, not only the cost for AMD treatment will be significantly reduced, but the safety risk associated with the use of concentrated sulfuric acid can be avoided.

pyrite  /  acid mine drainage  /  concentrated sulfuric acid  /  activation  /  highly alkalinity  /  sulfur concentrate  /  regulator  /  flotation
曾勇, 申滔, 华中宝, 熊琪, 陈延, 王丽, 孙伟, 唐鸿鹄, 伍喜庆. 矿山酸性废水与矿浆调整剂组合活化浮选高碱抑制的黄铁矿. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 50 -53 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.011
Yong ZENG, Tao SHEN, Zhongbao HUA, Qi XIONG, Yan CHEN, Li WANG, Wei SUN, Honghu TANG, Xiqing WU. Flotation of Highly Alkali-Depressed Pyrite Activated by Using Acid Mine Drainage Combined with Pulp Regulator[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (6) : 50 -53 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.011
正文
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硫化矿矿山开采过程中，黄铁矿的氧化会造成大量矿山酸性废水（acid mine drainage，AMD）排出，该类废水pH值低，铁、锰等重金属浓度高，若未妥善处置，将导致一系列环境污染问题[1-3]。而其处理方法以石灰中和酸、沉淀重金属离子为主，处理过程往往碱耗巨大、成本极高，且大量的酸被白白浪费[3]。
与此同时，为了获得高质量的铜精矿，在铜硫分离粗选过程中需使用大量的石灰将矿浆pH值调整到高碱性条件（pH值通常为11～12），以有利于黄铜矿的浮选回收及黄铁矿的选择性抑制；随后，再从铜硫分离尾矿中回收黄铁矿[4-7]。然而，铜硫分离尾矿中的黄铁矿已受到石灰的强烈抑制，其活化浮选一方面需将矿浆pH值降低到更有利于黄铁矿浮选的矿浆环境，另一方面需清除其表面起抑制作用的含钙组分等[8-9]。因此，活化被高碱抑制的黄铁矿往往需要消耗大量活化剂，如浓硫酸、草酸、硫酸铜等[10]，增加了从铜硫分离尾矿中回收黄铁矿的成本。
结合已有的相关研究，若将AMD用作黄铁矿活化剂，一方面有望避免使用浓硫酸作为浮选活化剂、减少酸性废水中和的高额生产成本和安全隐患，另一方面有助于解决AMD处理过程中大量碱耗的问题[11]。然而，AMD组成复杂，含有大量铁、铜、锌、锰、镉、铅等重金属离子，这些离子本身对矿物表面性质及浮选药剂性能有一定影响，与添加石灰后的高pH值浮选矿浆混合后易产生Fe（OH）3、CaSO4等微细粒胶体或沉淀物，这些沉淀物对黄铁矿浮选的影响及其消除机制有待深入研究[12-13]。本文采用AMD与矿浆调整剂组合活化浮选被高碱抑制的黄铁矿，利用AMD调整矿浆pH值，同时研究矿浆调整剂降低AMD对浮选的负面影响，对实现铜硫分离尾矿中黄铁矿回收与AMD的协同处置具有重要的理论和实践意义。
1　矿石性质及废水性质
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1.1　矿石性质
江西铜业集团银山矿业有限责任公司原矿中硅、铝、铁、硫元素含量较高，主要有价金属为铜，铜、硫品位分别为0.48%和9.91%，同时伴生数量可观的金、银。原矿中硫化铜矿主要为黄铜矿、砷黝铜矿、硫砷铜矿，还含有较高的黄铁矿和毒砂；脉石矿物以石英、长石、绢云母为主。金、银以伴生矿物形式赋存于硫化矿中。原矿主要矿物组成见表1。
本次试验的研究对象为原矿经铜硫混合浮选、铜硫分离后的尾矿，其中硫品位为27.98%、铜品位为0.177%。
1.2　废水性质
自采矿场沉淀池中取AMD用于后续黄铁矿活化浮选。采用ICP-OES检测其中的离子组成，结果如表2所示。该AMD中富含Fe、Mg、Mn、Ca、Al、Zn等金属离子和S元素。对5个不同批次的废水进行pH值检测，结果分别为2.87、2.66、3.21、2.79、2.72，pH值平均值为2.85。该水样硬度高，放置数日后，有明显沉淀附着于容器内壁。
2　试验研究
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2.1　试验方法
选硫试验给矿取自经浓密机浓缩后的铜硫分离尾矿（硫精矿）。结合现场生产现状，条件试验采用丁基黄药为捕收剂、MIBC为起泡剂，粗选丁基黄药用量160 g/t、起泡剂MIBC用量77 g/t，扫选丁基黄药用量40 g/t、不添加起泡剂，浮选浓度33.3%，添加浮选药剂前，依次加入AMD和浮选回水，在搅拌桶中预先调浆，生产实践中通过控制流量来控制AMD用量。由于现场原矿硫品位有所波动，每次试验都以浓硫酸作为对照组，以对比使用AMD组的浮选效果。黄铁矿活化浮选条件试验流程如图1所示。其中TY-308是一种含羧基的高分子有机物，通过对高分子有机物改性获得。
2.2　条件试验及结果
2.2.1　浓硫酸用量试验
为了考察浓硫酸活化效果，按照图1所示流程，开展了浓硫酸用量试验，结果如图2所示。由图2可知，浓硫酸用量从2 000 g/t增加到6 000 g/t时，黄铁矿粗精矿硫品位呈下降趋势，回收率呈上升趋势；浓硫酸用量3 000 g/t时，黄铁矿粗精矿中硫品位和回收率分别为46.36%和95.41%。选择浓硫酸用量3 000 g/t进行对照组试验。
2.2.2　调整剂用量试验
给矿中脉石矿物以石英、长石、绢云母为主，粒度较细，同时，AMD与添加石灰后的高pH值浮选矿浆混合后易产生Fe（OH）3、CaSO4等沉淀物，采用TY-308为选硫的矿浆调整剂，用以提高黄铁矿的浮选性能。按照图1所示流程，在AMD用量0.2 m3/t时，进行了TY-308用量试验，结果如图3所示。TY-308用量100 g/t时具有较好的效果，黄铁矿粗精矿硫品位43.52%、硫回收率97.43%。综合考虑硫品位、回收率及药剂成本，确定适宜的TY-308用量为100 g/t。
2.2.3　起泡剂用量试验
试验过程中发现，以AMD为活化剂时，对浮选泡沫有一定影响。按照图1所示流程，在AMD用量0.2 m3/t、TY-308用量100 g/t时，开展了MIBC用量试验，结果如图4所示。在AMD用量0.2 m3/t的矿浆环境中，以MIBC为起泡剂，MIBC用量77 g/t时，黄铁矿粗精矿硫品位45.84%、回收率95.49%。综合考虑硫品位、回收率及药剂成本，确定适宜的MIBC用量为77 g/t。
2.2.4　AMD用量试验
TY-308用量100 g/t、MIBC用量77 g/t时，AMD用量对黄铁矿活化浮选的影响如图5所示。AMD用量0.2 m3/t、0.4 m3/t和0.6 m3/t时，浮选效果均较为稳定；继续增加AMD用量至0.8 m3/t时，黄铁矿精矿指标略有下降，硫品位41.52%、硫回收率96.33%。表明AMD具有相对较宽的用量范围。
2.3　闭路试验
在条件试验和开路试验基础上，进行了AMD活化选硫闭路试验，同时进行了浓硫酸药剂制度下的闭路对照试验，闭路试验流程如图6所示，闭路试验结果见表3。
AMD配合TY-308和MIBC使用时，精矿硫品位48.73%、硫回收率97.93%，相比于使用浓硫酸作为活化剂，精矿硫品位降低了0.59百分点，精矿硫回收率提升了1.34百分点，尾矿品位降低了0.73百分点。
3　结论
收起
1）采用矿山酸性废水（AMD）活化浮选被高碱抑制的黄铁矿，配合使用矿浆调整剂TY-308，有利于矿浆中沉淀物的分散和脉石的抑制，可提高浮选指标。
2）采用AMD为活化剂、TY-308为调整剂、丁基黄药为捕收剂、MIBC为起泡剂，一粗一精一扫闭路浮选试验获得了硫品位48.73%、回收率97.93%的黄铁矿精矿；相比于浓硫酸作为活化剂组，硫回收率提高了1.34百分点。
3）以AMD配合TY-308活化被石灰抑制的黄铁矿，可获得与浓硫酸为活化剂相近的浮选指标，AMD用量0.2～0.6 m3/t时对黄铁矿浮选指标的影响较小，浮选药剂制度具有较高的适用性；同时，使用AMD代替浓硫酸后，可大幅降低AMD处理成本，且避免了使用浓硫酸带来的安全隐患。
基金
收起
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2904501)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ20071)
  • 湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3067)
文献
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.011
  • 接收时间：2024-06-19
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-19
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2904501)
湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ20071)
湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC3067)
作者信息
    1.中南大学　资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
    2.中南大学　金属资源开发利用碳减排教育部工程研究中心，湖南　长沙　410083
    3.江西铜业集团银山矿业有限责任公司，江西　上饶　334201

通讯作者:

唐鸿鹄（1988—），男，湖南永州人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为硫化矿浮选工艺及二次资源综合利用等。E-mail：
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.011
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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