Article(id=1241406711978849229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718985600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773904024357, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773904024357, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773904024357, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773904024357, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241406711219680205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773904024176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773911273793, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241437118384362345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241437118388556650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241406711219680205, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=90, endPage=93, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241406712272450512, articleId=1241406711978849229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Separation of Lithium and Aluminum in Leaching Solution of Clay-Type Lithium Ore by Calcination and Water Leaching, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the characteristics of high-content aluminum and low-content lithium in hydrochloric acid leaching solution of a clay-type lithium ore in Hubei Province, lithium and aluminum were firstly separated by adopting calcination at 390 ℃ for 2.0 h. Then, the calcined residue, without grinding, was leached at 90 ℃ for 1 h with water in a volume ratio of 3∶1. After the leaching process, the leaching rate of lithium reached 93.85%, and no aluminum was detected in leaching solution, indicating a good Li-Al separation result. An analysis of chemical composition of calcined residue and leaching residue show that after water leaching, the main metal elements in the calcined residue, such as lithium, kalium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, all are leached into the lixivium, and the main composition of leaching residue are alumina and iron oxide.

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针对湖北某黏土型锂矿盐酸浸出液中铝高锂低的特性,使用煅烧法对锂铝进行分离,在煅烧温度390 ℃、煅烧时间2.0 h,水浸时浸出体积比3∶1、煅烧渣不磨、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间1.0 h条件下,锂浸出率可达93.85%,浸出液中铝未检出,锂铝分离效果较好。煅烧渣和浸出渣化学成分分析结果表明,水浸后,除铝和铁外,煅烧渣中锂、钾、钠、钙、镁等主要金属元素都进入了浸出液中,浸出渣主要成分为氧化铝和氧化铁。

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刘爽(1981—),女,辽宁铁岭人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事选矿工艺及试验研究工作。E-mail:
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康健(1988—),男,湖南新化人,工程师,主要研究方向为稀土稀有稀散元素的选冶技术研究。E-mail:

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康健(1988—),男,湖南新化人,工程师,主要研究方向为稀土稀有稀散元素的选冶技术研究。E-mail:

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康健(1988—),男,湖南新化人,工程师,主要研究方向为稀土稀有稀散元素的选冶技术研究。E-mail:

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LiAlFeMgCaNaK
0.37242.331.751.530.210.250.88
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试验原料主要化学成分分析结果

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LiAlFeMgCaNaK
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产品名称Li2OAl2O3Fe2O3MgOCaONa2OK2OSiO2TiO2
煅烧渣0.7474.632.332.380.270.310.990.140.01
水浸渣0.03880.412.510.110.030.010.030.160.01
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产品化学多元素分析结果(质量分数)

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产品名称Li2OAl2O3Fe2O3MgOCaONa2OK2OSiO2TiO2
煅烧渣0.7474.632.332.380.270.310.990.140.01
水浸渣0.03880.412.510.110.030.010.030.160.01
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煅烧-水浸法分离黏土型锂矿浸出液中锂和铝
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康健 1, 2 , 崔培龙 3 , 康昱 3 , 黄鹏 1, 2 , 闫博 3 , 林璠 1, 2 , 刘爽 1, 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(6): 90-93
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(6): 90-93
煅烧-水浸法分离黏土型锂矿浸出液中锂和铝
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康健1, 2 , 崔培龙3, 康昱3, 黄鹏1, 2, 闫博3, 林璠1, 2, 刘爽1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.自然资源部稀土稀有稀散矿产勘查及综合利用重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430034
  • 2.湖北省地质实验测试中心,湖北 武汉 430034
  • 3.湖北省地质局第八地质大队,湖北 襄阳 441000
  • 康健(1988—),男,湖南新化人,工程师,主要研究方向为稀土稀有稀散元素的选冶技术研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘爽(1981—),女,辽宁铁岭人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事选矿工艺及试验研究工作。E-mail:
Separation of Lithium and Aluminum in Leaching Solution of Clay-Type Lithium Ore by Calcination and Water Leaching
Jian KANG1, 2 , Peilong CUI3, Yu KANG3, Peng HUANG1, 2, Bo YAN3, Fan LIN1, 2, Shuang LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization of Rare and Scattered Minerals of MNR, Wuhan 430034, Hubei, China
  • 2.Hubei Geological Research Laboratory, Wuhan 430034, Hubei, China
  • 3.The Eighth Geological Brigade of Hubei Provincial Geological Bureau, Xiangyang 441000, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.019
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针对湖北某黏土型锂矿盐酸浸出液中铝高锂低的特性,使用煅烧法对锂铝进行分离,在煅烧温度390 ℃、煅烧时间2.0 h,水浸时浸出体积比3∶1、煅烧渣不磨、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间1.0 h条件下,锂浸出率可达93.85%,浸出液中铝未检出,锂铝分离效果较好。煅烧渣和浸出渣化学成分分析结果表明,水浸后,除铝和铁外,煅烧渣中锂、钾、钠、钙、镁等主要金属元素都进入了浸出液中,浸出渣主要成分为氧化铝和氧化铁。

黏土型锂矿  /  煅烧法  /  锂铝分离  /  锂  /  水浸  /  提锂

According to the characteristics of high-content aluminum and low-content lithium in hydrochloric acid leaching solution of a clay-type lithium ore in Hubei Province, lithium and aluminum were firstly separated by adopting calcination at 390 ℃ for 2.0 h. Then, the calcined residue, without grinding, was leached at 90 ℃ for 1 h with water in a volume ratio of 3∶1. After the leaching process, the leaching rate of lithium reached 93.85%, and no aluminum was detected in leaching solution, indicating a good Li-Al separation result. An analysis of chemical composition of calcined residue and leaching residue show that after water leaching, the main metal elements in the calcined residue, such as lithium, kalium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, all are leached into the lixivium, and the main composition of leaching residue are alumina and iron oxide.

clay-type lithium ore  /  calcination method  /  lithium-aluminum separation  /  lithium  /  water leaching  /  lithium extraction
康健, 崔培龙, 康昱, 黄鹏, 闫博, 林璠, 刘爽. 煅烧-水浸法分离黏土型锂矿浸出液中锂和铝. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 90 -93 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.019
Jian KANG, Peilong CUI, Yu KANG, Peng HUANG, Bo YAN, Fan LIN, Shuang LIU. Separation of Lithium and Aluminum in Leaching Solution of Clay-Type Lithium Ore by Calcination and Water Leaching[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (6) : 90 -93 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.019
锂被誉为“21世纪的能源金属”“推动世界前进的重要元素”“工业味精”“白色石油”等。随着新能源技术飞速发展,锂在全球发展中的战略意义越来越凸显[1-3]
黏土型锂矿(Li2O品位0.3%~0.5%)具有脉石矿物黏土含量高、锂赋存状态复杂、难以对含锂目标矿物选矿富集等特点,直接使用冶金提锂方式处理黏土型锂矿是目前国内外研究机构的共识。酸法提锂工艺是现有处理锂矿石的主要方法,同时也是处理黏土型锂矿的代表性方法之一。黏土型锂矿大多具有铝高锂低的特性,在酸法提锂过程中,以铝为主的杂质离子随着锂同步浸出,使得浸出液中铝锂分离成为后续制备碳酸锂的核心问题[4-7]
硫酸浸出体系提锂是目前处理锂矿石的主要方法。黏土型锂矿含锂矿物很难富集、矿石铝含量高的特点使得吨原矿硫酸用量过高。本文对湖北某黏土型锂矿盐酸浸出液进行煅烧和水浸,有效分离铝、锂,同时可以对盐酸进行回用,大大减少整个提锂工艺体系对酸的消耗。
试验原料为湖北省鄂西某黏土型锂矿经盐酸浸出后的浸出液,其主要化学成分分析结果如表1所示。由表1可知,原料中铝质量浓度高达42.33 g/L,而目的元素锂质量浓度只有0.372 g/L,铝锂比113.79。传统锂矿石提锂浸出液中铝锂比大多不高,一般使用碱法沉淀来进行铝锂分离,但本浸出液具有铝高锂低的特性,碱法沉淀时会形成大量的氢氧化铝胶体,对浸出液中的锂形成吸附效应,造成沉淀过程中大量的锂损失。
主要设备包括箱式节能电阻炉(湖北英山县建力电炉制造有限公司)、数显水浴锅(常州普天仪器制造有限公司)、电动搅拌器(常州博远实验分析仪器厂)、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(赛默飞)、X射线衍射仪(布鲁克)等。主要药剂包括盐酸和锂标准溶液。试验用水为去离子水。
将100 mL原料(浸出液)置于坩埚内,放入箱式节能电阻炉中煅烧一定时间后,取出坩埚,室温冷却;将煅烧渣放入玻璃烧杯中,加入一定量的水进行恒温搅拌浸出,达到反应时间后,快速分离滤液和滤渣,量取滤液体积并测量滤液中锂含量,计算锂浸出率:
式中:μ为锂浸出率,%;c0为试验原料中锂质量浓度,g/L;c为浸出液中锂质量浓度,g/L;v为浸出液体积,mL。
煅烧法的原理是将溶液中的氯化物通过煅烧的方式转变为金属元素形态,主要元素铝转变为不溶于水的氧化物,目的元素锂则根据煅烧状态的不同被氧化铝表面空穴吸附或包裹于氧化铝晶格内,通过水浸等方式,达到铝锂分离的效果。氯化铝水解的化学反应式为:
煅烧时间2.0 h,煅烧渣进行水浸,浸出体积比(即水浸用水体积与浸出液体积之比)3∶1、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间2.0 h,浸出后固液分离,计算锂浸出率,煅烧温度对锂浸出率的影响见图1。由图1可知,煅烧温度从370 ℃升高至410 ℃,锂浸出率先增大后减小,煅烧温度390 ℃时锂浸出率达到最高点,为93.11%。经文献查询,该现象主要归因于锂离子在煅烧渣中的存在状态,随着煅烧反应的进行,煅烧过程中伴随HCl的析出,铝逐渐向氧化铝转变,煅烧温度达到390 ℃时,氧化铝转变为无定型氧化铝,锂离子大部分处于氧化铝晶格空穴中,从而可以使用水浸达到锂铝分离。煅烧温度继续升高,氧化铝逐渐转变为更为稳定的形态,使得部分被氧化铝包裹的锂离子难以浸出[8]。综合考虑,煅烧温度以390 ℃为宜,此时锂浸出率为93.11%,水浸液中未检出铝。
煅烧温度390 ℃,其他条件不变,煅烧时间对锂浸出率的影响见图2。由图2可知,煅烧时间从1.0 h延长至3.0 h,锂浸出率呈逐渐升高的趋势。煅烧时间较短时,浸出原液中氯化铝未充分分解,会产生一定氢氧化铝胶体,对锂离子有一定吸附作用,使得锂浸出率较低。煅烧时间达到2.0 h时,浸出原液中的氯化铝分解完全,此时锂浸出率为93.58%,水浸液中未检出铝。
煅烧时间2.0 h,其他条件不变,浸出体积比对锂浸出率的影响见图3。由图3可知,浸出体积比从1∶1提高至4∶1,锂浸出率呈明显上升趋势。浸出体积比较低时,水无法充分对氧化铝空穴中的锂进行浸出,锂浸出率低;浸出体积比超过3∶1后,浸出体积比对锂浸出率的影响较小。综合考虑,浸出体积比3∶1为宜,此时锂浸出率为93.63%,水浸液中未检出铝。
煅烧温度390 ℃、煅烧时间2.0 h,煅烧渣进行适当干磨后进行水浸,浸出体积比3∶1、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间2.0 h,煅烧渣细度对锂浸出率的影响见图4。在相同条件下也进行了浸出体积比1∶1的对照组试验,结果同样列于图4中。由图4可知,煅烧渣细度从-0.074 mm粒级占53%(未磨)提升至85%,锂浸出率提升较小,对照组具有相同的结果,这主要是由于煅烧渣具有天然空穴结构,水浸时水已能与锂离子充分接触。综合考虑,浸出时无需对煅烧渣进行磨矿处理。
煅烧温度390 ℃、煅烧时间2.0 h,对煅烧渣进行水浸,浸出体积比3∶1,浸出时间2.0 h,浸出温度对锂浸出率的影响见图5。由图5可知,浸出温度从25 ℃升高至90 ℃,锂浸出率呈明显上升趋势。升高浸出温度能大幅提升水浸的反应速率,提升锂浸出率。适宜的浸出温度为90 ℃,此时锂浸出率为93.91%,水浸液中未检出铝。
浸出温度90 ℃,其他条件不变,浸出时间对锂浸出率的影响见图6。由图6可知,浸出时间从0.5 h延长至1.0 h,锂浸出率迅速上升,之后继续延长浸出时间,锂浸出率变化较小。综合考虑,浸出时间1.0 h为宜,此时锂浸出率为93.54%,水浸液中未检出铝。
经条件优化试验,确定适宜的工艺参数为:煅烧温度390 ℃、煅烧时间2.0 h,煅烧渣不磨,水浸浸出体积比3∶1、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间1.0 h,在该条件下进行了验证试验,锂浸出率为93.85%,水浸液中未检出铝。
对煅烧渣及适宜条件下所得水浸渣进行了化学多元素分析,结果见表2,水浸渣XRD衍射图谱见图7
表2可知:煅烧渣主要成分为Al2O3,其次为Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、CaO和Na2O,其中Li2O质量分数为0.74%;水浸渣主要成分为Al2O3和Fe2O3,其余成分含量很低,说明煅烧渣中锂、钾、钠、钙、镁等主要金属元素都进入了水浸液中。
图7可知,浸出渣XRD衍射图谱中主要为三羟铝石和赤铁矿两种矿物的特征峰,说明浸出渣的主要成分为铝和铁的氧化物。
由此可推断原料在煅烧过程中发生如下反应:
原料中铝和铁的氯化物经煅烧水解为Al2O3、Fe2O3以及HCl,锂、钾、钠、钙、镁等的氯化物在390 ℃下无法水解,仍以氯化物形式存在于煅烧渣中。水浸后,水浸渣中仅残留不溶于水的氧化铝和氧化铁以及部分处于晶格间的金属元素。
1)湖北省某黏土型锂矿盐酸体系浸出液中铝质量浓度高达42.33 g/L,而目的元素锂质量浓度只有0.372 g/L,铝锂比113.79,具有铝高锂低的特性,较难以传统碱法来分离锂铝。
2)采用煅烧-水浸工艺进行锂铝分离,在煅烧温度390 ℃、煅烧时间2.0 h、煅烧渣不磨、水浸浸出体积比3∶1、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间1.0 h条件下,锂浸出率可达93.85%,水浸液中未检出铝,表明锂铝分离效果较好。
3)黏土型锂矿盐酸浸出体系需要使用大量的盐酸,使用煅烧法来处理其浸出液可以对盐酸进行循环使用,能够解决黏土型锂矿酸耗量过大的问题。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2903000)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金(2023AFB1104)
  • 湖北省地质局矿产地质项目(KCDZ2023-22)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.06.019
  • 接收时间:2024-06-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-22
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2903000)
湖北省自然科学基金(2023AFB1104)
湖北省地质局矿产地质项目(KCDZ2023-22)
作者信息
    1.自然资源部稀土稀有稀散矿产勘查及综合利用重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430034
    2.湖北省地质实验测试中心,湖北 武汉 430034
    3.湖北省地质局第八地质大队,湖北 襄阳 441000

通讯作者:

刘爽(1981—),女,辽宁铁岭人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事选矿工艺及试验研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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