Article(id=1241321988397003293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321979433767757, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697731200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883824681, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1711900800000, pubDateStr=2024-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883824681, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883824681, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883824681, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321979433767757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='191', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883822544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884556149, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325056454881881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321979433767757, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325056454881882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321979433767757, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=47, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321988736741939, articleId=1241321988397003293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Application of New High-Efficient Collector in Flotation of Pegmatite Lithium Ore, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To utilize efficiently valuable metal resources containing lithium and beryllium, flotation experiments were conducted based on the study of ore properties. A lithium-beryllium bulk flotation process was used and the influences of dosages of regulator, activator and collector, and the stirring time of regulator on the flotation performance of lithium polymetallic ore were investigated. Based on the determined optimal dosages of calcium chloride and collectors of GYLZ and GYM3, a closed-circuit test produced a lithium concentrate with Li2O grade and recovery of 6.10% and 94.01% respective, and BeO grade and recovery of 0.12% and 88.53%, respectively, achieving efficient recovery and utilization of lithium and beryllium resources in lithium polymetallic ores.

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为高效利用伟晶岩型锂多金属矿中锂、铍等有价金属元素,在研究矿石性质的基础上进行了浮选试验研究。采用锂铍混合浮选工艺,研究了调整剂、活化剂和捕收剂用量及调整剂搅拌时间对锂多金属矿浮选效果的影响,确定了氯化钙和新型高效捕收剂GYLZ、GYM3的优化用量,浮选闭路试验获得了Li2O品位6.10%、回收率94.01%,BeO品位0.12%、回收率88.53%的锂精矿,实现了锂多金属矿中锂、铍资源的高效回收利用。

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汪泰(1986—),男,湖南桃江人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事稀有、稀贵矿产资源综合利用研究。E-mail:
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崔振坤(1998—),男,山东菏泽人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为浮选工艺及理论。E-mail:

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崔振坤(1998—),男,山东菏泽人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为浮选工艺及理论。E-mail:

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崔振坤(1998—),男,山东菏泽人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为浮选工艺及理论。E-mail:

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Li2OBeORbOSiO2CaONb2O5
1.650.0350.1173.100.420.008
Al2O3Na2OK2OMgOFeP
15.323.502.010.0640.420.41
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原矿化学多元素分析结果(质量分数)

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Li2OBeORbOSiO2CaONb2O5
1.650.0350.1173.100.420.008
Al2O3Na2OK2OMgOFeP
15.323.502.010.0640.420.41
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锂辉石磷锂铝石锂云母锂绿泥石锰磷锂矿
20.8470.1280.0460.0430.023
绿柱石锡石钽铌铁矿石英钠长石
0.3100.0480.02129.90731.864
钾长石白云母磷灰石方铅矿其他
9.7885.0540.3800.0780.835
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原矿矿物组成(质量分数)

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锂辉石磷锂铝石锂云母锂绿泥石锰磷锂矿
20.8470.1280.0460.0430.023
绿柱石锡石钽铌铁矿石英钠长石
0.3100.0480.02129.90731.864
钾长石白云母磷灰石方铅矿其他
9.7885.0540.3800.0780.835
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产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
Li2OBeOLi2OBeO
锂精矿27.846.100.1294.0188.53
尾矿72.160.150.0065.9911.47
原矿100.001.810.038100.00100.00
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锂浮选闭路试验结果

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产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
Li2OBeOLi2OBeO
锂精矿27.846.100.1294.0188.53
尾矿72.160.150.0065.9911.47
原矿100.001.810.038100.00100.00
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新型高效浮选捕收剂在伟晶岩锂矿浮选中的应用
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崔振坤 1, 2 , 汪泰 2, 3, 4, 5 , 李汉文 2, 3, 4 , 杨凯志 2, 3, 4 , 邹坚坚 2, 3, 4 , 姚艳清 2, 3, 4
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024,44(2): 47-51
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024, 44(2): 47-51
新型高效浮选捕收剂在伟晶岩锂矿浮选中的应用
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崔振坤1, 2 , 汪泰2, 3, 4, 5 , 李汉文2, 3, 4, 杨凯志2, 3, 4, 邹坚坚2, 3, 4, 姚艳清2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 2.广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所,广东 广州 510650
  • 3.稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室,广东 广州 510650
  • 4.广东省矿产资源开发与综合利用重点实验室,广东 广州 510650
  • 5.昆明理工大学,云南 昆明 650093
  • 崔振坤(1998—),男,山东菏泽人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为浮选工艺及理论。E-mail:

通讯作者:

汪泰(1986—),男,湖南桃江人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事稀有、稀贵矿产资源综合利用研究。E-mail:
Application of New High-Efficient Collector in Flotation of Pegmatite Lithium Ore
Zhenkun CUI1, 2 , Tai WANG2, 3, 4, 5 , Hanwen LI2, 3, 4, Kaizhi YANG2, 3, 4, Jianjian ZOU2, 3, 4, Yanqing YAO2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 2.Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Rare Metals Separation and Comprehensive Utilization, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
  • 4.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
  • 5.Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
出版时间: 2024-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.012
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为高效利用伟晶岩型锂多金属矿中锂、铍等有价金属元素,在研究矿石性质的基础上进行了浮选试验研究。采用锂铍混合浮选工艺,研究了调整剂、活化剂和捕收剂用量及调整剂搅拌时间对锂多金属矿浮选效果的影响,确定了氯化钙和新型高效捕收剂GYLZ、GYM3的优化用量,浮选闭路试验获得了Li2O品位6.10%、回收率94.01%,BeO品位0.12%、回收率88.53%的锂精矿,实现了锂多金属矿中锂、铍资源的高效回收利用。

锂辉石  /  浮选  /  组合捕收剂  /  锂  /  铍  /  活化剂  /  调整剂

To utilize efficiently valuable metal resources containing lithium and beryllium, flotation experiments were conducted based on the study of ore properties. A lithium-beryllium bulk flotation process was used and the influences of dosages of regulator, activator and collector, and the stirring time of regulator on the flotation performance of lithium polymetallic ore were investigated. Based on the determined optimal dosages of calcium chloride and collectors of GYLZ and GYM3, a closed-circuit test produced a lithium concentrate with Li2O grade and recovery of 6.10% and 94.01% respective, and BeO grade and recovery of 0.12% and 88.53%, respectively, achieving efficient recovery and utilization of lithium and beryllium resources in lithium polymetallic ores.

spodumene  /  flotation  /  combined collector  /  lithium  /  beryllium  /  activator  /  regulator
崔振坤, 汪泰, 李汉文, 杨凯志, 邹坚坚, 姚艳清. 新型高效浮选捕收剂在伟晶岩锂矿浮选中的应用. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (2) : 47 -51 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.012
Zhenkun CUI, Tai WANG, Hanwen LI, Kaizhi YANG, Jianjian ZOU, Yanqing YAO. Application of New High-Efficient Collector in Flotation of Pegmatite Lithium Ore[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (2) : 47 -51 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.012
锂是最轻的碱金属元素,具有优良的物化性质,广泛应用于玻璃、陶瓷、新能源、核能和医药等领域,被誉为“白色石油”。全球锂矿包括盐湖卤水型、硬岩型和黏土型,其中盐湖锂资源占比高达70%。由于盐湖卤水镁锂比较高、操作成本高或生产周期长,提锂技术从实验室到产业化仍需较长的时间[1]。现阶段应用较为成熟的技术是从矿石中提取锂,其选矿方法有浮选法、手选法、热裂法、化学处理法及重悬浮液法等,其中最常用的方法是浮选法[2]
可加工利用的含锂矿物包括锂辉石、锂云母和透锂长石等,锂辉石(LiAlSi2O6)储量大、锂含量高,多分布在锂多金属矿中[3]。提锂矿石中常见的脉石矿物有长石、石英和云母等,大多为与锂辉石浮游性相近的多种结构的硅酸盐矿物,同时还存在矿泥覆盖以及矿浆中难免离子对脉石的活化等问题,进而影响锂辉石等有用矿物的浮选分离,对后续的提纯富集也造成一定的困难[4]
为实现锂多金属矿中锂的高效回收,本文以新疆某花岗伟晶岩型锂多金属矿为研究对象,采用混合浮选工艺进行试验研究,旨在为锂多金属矿的浮选加工利用提供技术参考。
矿样取自新疆某矿山,原矿化学多元素分析结果见表1
表1可知,该锂多金属矿Li2O含量1.65%,铍、铌、锡、铷和钽等伴生有价元素含量较低,有害杂质元素Fe和P含量分别为0.42%和0.41%,脉石矿物元素包括SiO2、Al2O3和Na2O等,总含量高达93.93%。
利用显微镜和矿物参数自动分析系统对原矿进行了物相测定和分析,原矿主要矿物组成及含量分析结果见表2
原矿中矿物种类达60余种,又相对集中,含锂矿物主要为锂辉石,其次是磷锂铝石、锂云母、锂绿泥石和锰磷锂矿等,伴生有价金属铍以绿柱石为主,钽铌以钽铌铁矿为主,锡主要为锡石。脉石矿物包括石英、钠长石和钾长石等,另有少量白云母、方解石、磷灰石、方铅矿、硬锰矿、菱铁矿和绿泥石等。
通过扫描电镜观察发现,该矿石中锂辉石可见与钠长石、石英等矿物连生;绿柱石与钠长石连生,内部包裹细粒磷灰石。
采用锂铍混合浮选工艺流程进行试验,试验原则流程见图1
试验在XFD挂槽式浮选机中进行,浮选用水为自来水,浮选温度为室温(25 ℃)。其他设备主要包括球磨机、电子天平、电热恒温鼓风干燥箱和三头研磨机等。试验药剂包括调整剂碳酸钠和氢氧化钠(均为分析纯)、活化剂氯化钙、自主研发的新型捕收剂GYLZ(改性环烷酸类捕收剂)和GYM3(改性脂肪酸类捕收剂)。
在浮选之前,一般需要通过磨矿来提高矿物解离度,最大程度实现有用矿物与脉石矿物的分离。在调整剂碳酸钠用量1 000 g/t、氢氧化钠用量600 g/t,活化剂氯化钙用量100 g/t,捕收剂GYLZ和GYM3用量分别为300 g/t和400 g/t条件下,考察了磨矿细度对锂、铍浮选回收效果的影响,结果见图2
图2可知,随着磨矿细度增加,锂、铍回收率都逐渐升高,锂品位先降低后升高;但磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级含量超过75%后,锂、铍回收率和品位均趋于稳定,继续增加磨矿细度将导致锂品位下降,且磨矿能耗过大。综合考虑,确定磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占75%为宜。
锂多金属矿常含有一定量矿泥,在浮选过程中矿泥容易罩盖矿物表面影响浮选行为。添加碳酸钠可以降低矿泥的影响,起到分散和抑制作用,还可以调节矿浆pH值;氢氧化钠也常用于调节锂多金属矿的矿浆pH值,还能清洁矿物表面并起到活化作用[5-6]
为进一步扩大锂多金属矿中有用矿物与脉石矿物的浮游性差异,可加入Ca2+、Fe3+、Al3+等金属阳离子进行活化,促使锂辉石等有用矿物表面及其周围环境形成金属羟基化合物或氢氧化物沉淀,诱导捕收剂在锂辉石表面选择性吸附,最终达到有效浮选分离的目的[7-8]
由矿石性质可知,该锂多金属矿中易泥化的硅酸盐类脉石矿物较多,可以加入碳酸钠减弱矿泥的罩盖作用,并且起到抑制脉石矿物的作用,但加入碳酸钠时需注意用量,用量过多也会导致锂辉石等有用矿物受到抑制。在氢氧化钠用量600 g/t、氯化钙用量100 g/t、捕收剂GYLZ和GYM3用量分别为300 g/t和400 g/t条件下,考察了碳酸钠用量对锂、铍浮选回收效果的影响,结果见图3
图3可知,不加入碳酸钠时,精矿锂、铍回收率较高,但锂品位较低;随着碳酸钠用量增加,锂精矿锂品位先逐渐上升后保持平稳,铍品位有小幅度升高;碳酸钠用量超过1 000 g/t后,锂精矿锂回收率大幅度下降。综合考量该锂多金属矿以回收锂为主、铍等其他有价元素尽量回收的原则,确定碳酸钠用量为1 000 g/t。
在锂多金属矿浮选中,添加氢氧化钠一方面可以调节溶液pH值,另一方面还存在表面选择性溶蚀作用,可提高锂辉石表面铝与不饱和铝的百分比,改善锂辉石与长石等脉石矿物的表面性质,改善捕收剂的选择性吸附,有利于含锂矿物与脉石矿物的浮选分离[9]。在碳酸钠用量1 000 g/t、氯化钙用量100 g/t、捕收剂GYLZ和GYM3用量分别为300 g/t和400 g/t条件下,考察了氢氧化钠用量对锂、铍浮选回收效果的影响,结果见图4
图4可知,随着氢氧化钠用量增加,锂精矿锂回收率逐渐上升,锂品位降低幅度逐渐扩大,铍品位保持稳定,铍回收率逐渐上升。氢氧化钠用量1 000 g/t时,锂回收率基本趋于稳定,但锂精矿产率有所升高,说明氢氧化钠用量过大会活化长石等其他脉石矿物。选择氢氧化钠用量600 g/t进行后续试验。
氯化钙是锂辉石浮选中重要的活化剂,其中含有的钙离子与锂辉石表面的两个相邻O原子键合,形成Ca(OH)+和Ca(OH)2,其中的羟基可与矿物表面的铝强烈结合,经过Ca(OH)+处理后,更有利于捕收剂中的氧原子与矿物表面的Ca、Al原子结合,提高捕收剂的吸附强度[10]。在碳酸钠用量1 000 g/t、氢氧化钠用量600 g/t、捕收剂GYLZ和GYM3用量分别为300 g/t和400 g/t条件下,考察了氯化钙用量对锂、铍浮选回收效果的影响,结果见图5
图5可知,氯化钙对含锂、铍矿物具有良好的活化效果,随着氯化钙用量增加,锂精矿锂回收率大幅度上升后有所降低,锂品位升高后趋于平稳,铍回收率呈先升高后下降的趋势。综合考虑,确定氯化钙适宜用量为60 g/t。
为延长碳酸钠和氢氧化钠调整剂的作用时间,加强其在锂辉石等有用矿物表面的溶蚀活化作用,促进脉石矿物表面硅酸钠等亲水性物质的形成,在碳酸钠用量1 000 g/t、氢氧化钠用量600 g/t、氯化钙用量60 g/t、捕收剂GYLZ和GYM3用量分别为300 g/t和400 g/t条件下,考察了搅拌时间对锂、铍浮选回收效果的影响,结果见图6
图6可知,适当延长碳酸钠和氢氧化钠调整剂的搅拌时间有利于提高锂、铍的浮选指标。随着搅拌时间延长,锂精矿锂品位逐渐上升,回收率也大幅增加后趋于平稳,铍回收率先大幅增加后有所降低。选择碳酸钠和氢氧化钠粗选总搅拌时间15~20 min,因氢氧化钠的溶蚀活化作用在浮选中占据主要地位,确定碳酸钠搅拌时间5 min、氢氧化钠搅拌时间15 min。
环烷酸皂是锂铍浮选的经典捕收剂,它与其他捕收剂组合使用,可以提高捕收剂的耐低温浮选效果,增强药剂捕收锂、铍矿物的选择性,实现锂多金属矿的高效浮选分离[11]
在碳酸钠用量1 000 g/t、氢氧化钠用量600 g/t、氯化钙用量60 g/t、环烷酸皂用量300 g/t条件下,考察了GYLZ用量对锂、铍浮选回收效果的影响,结果见图7
图7可知,固定环烷酸皂用量情况下,随着GYLZ用量增加,锂精矿锂和铍回收率逐渐上升,GYLZ用量超过400 g/t后,对锂和铍回收率的影响不大;锂品位小幅波动,铍品位基本不变。GYLZ适宜用量为400 g/t。
碳酸钠用量1 000 g/t、氢氧化钠用量600 g/t、氯化钙用量60 g/t、GYLZ用量400 g/t条件下,考察了GYM3用量对锂、铍浮选回收效果的影响,结果见图8
图8可知,GYM3对锂、铍的选择性捕收效果优于环烷酸皂,GYLZ用量固定时,GYM3用量增加,锂精矿锂和铍回收率先增加后趋于平稳,锂和铍品位变化较小;GYM3用量超过800 g/t后,锂和铍回收率提升幅度有限。综合考虑,确定GYM3用量为800 g/t。
在条件试验基础上,进行了锂多金属矿浮选闭路试验,试验流程见图9,结果见表3。由表3可知,采用锂铍混合浮选,可获得锂精矿Li2O品位6.10%、回收率94.01%,BeO品位0.12%、回收率88.53%的技术指标,达到了“锂精矿·化工级-1”产品等级要求[12]。尾矿中Li2O、BeO含量分别为0.15%、0.006%,尾矿锂、铍损失率分别为5.99%、11.47%,实现了锂多金属矿中锂、铍等元素的综合回收。
1)新疆某锂多金属矿石矿物组成复杂,主要回收的有价组分为Li2O,大部分以锂辉石形式赋存,BeO主要以绿柱石形式赋存,脉石矿物是以石英和长石为代表的硅酸盐矿物,还含有一定量的易泥化的黏土矿物。
2)采用锂铍混合浮选工艺,以碳酸钠和氢氧化钠为调整剂、氯化钙为活化剂、GYLZ和GYM3为组合捕收剂,最终获得了Li2O品位6.10%、回收率94.01%的锂精矿。锂精矿中BeO品位达到0.12%,回收率为88.53%,后续可进一步研究锂与铍资源的高效分离,提升我国锂精矿与铍精矿的资源储量。
  • 新疆自治区重大专项(2023A03003)
  • 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(91962215)
  • 新疆自治区重点研发专项(2019B00011-3)
  • 广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目(2019GDASYL-0105050)
  • 广东省科学院专项资金项目(2022GDASZH-2022010104; 2023GDASZH-2023010104)
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汪泰, 邹坚坚, 王威, 等. 伟晶岩型锂辉石矿碱溶蚀-浮选试验研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2022, 42(1): 57-60.
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2024年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.012
  • 接收时间:2023-10-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-20
基金
新疆自治区重大专项(2023A03003)
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(91962215)
新疆自治区重点研发专项(2019B00011-3)
广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金项目(2019GDASYL-0105050)
广东省科学院专项资金项目(2022GDASZH-2022010104; 2023GDASZH-2023010104)
作者信息
    1.中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所,广东 广州 510650
    3.稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室,广东 广州 510650
    4.广东省矿产资源开发与综合利用重点实验室,广东 广州 510650
    5.昆明理工大学,云南 昆明 650093

通讯作者:

汪泰(1986—),男,湖南桃江人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事稀有、稀贵矿产资源综合利用研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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