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A kind of contaminated paddy soil was taken for pot experiment by adding FeSO4 to investigate the impact of FeSO4 on the formation of iron plaques on the root surface and the migration of the Cd from Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Results show that with the addition of FeSO4 increased from 0 to 320 mg/kg, the pH value of the paddy soil tends to decline, maximally by 0.70. The TCLP-Cd content in the potting soil rises to a certain extent compared to the control group. The addition of FeSO4 significantly reduces the Cd content in leaves, husks, and brown rice, as well as effectively increases the amount of root iron plaque, thus the absorption of Cd in the soil by rice is moderately controlled. However, the addition of external iron resource can bring impact to the pH of soil and bioavailability of Cd, so it is recommended that in practical operation, FeSO4 should be added with some alkaline restorative materials such as lime to contaminated paddy fields for enhancing the control.

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选取湖南某污染稻田耕作层土壤,通过盆栽实验外源施加硫酸亚铁(FeSO4),研究FeSO4对水稻根表铁膜及污染稻田土中镉(Cd)迁移转运的影响。结果表明,随着FeSO4施加量增加(0~320 mg/kg),水稻根际土壤pH值呈下降趋势,最高下降了0.70;水稻盆栽土壤TCLP-Cd含量与对照组相比出现一定程度上升;施加FeSO4,降低了水稻茎叶、谷壳、糙米中Cd含量,增加了水稻植株根表铁膜的数量,一定程度上控制了水稻对土壤中Cd的吸收。但施加外源铁影响了土壤pH值及Cd的生物有效性,在实际稻田施加FeSO4时建议与石灰等其他碱性修复材料进行组配,以获得更好的阻控效果。

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谢悦(1993—),女,湖南湘潭人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为稻米食品安全控制。E-mail:
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李威(1988—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境工程与污染防治。E-mail:

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李威(1988—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境工程与污染防治。E-mail:

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articleId=1241321987956601329, language=CN, label=图3, caption=FeSO4对水稻根表铁膜中Cd、Fe含量的影响, figureFileSmall=eOg9tSdQZkPXfeJ5FIadVg==, figureFileBig=Gg8koGxwZIPmzPzCtIo2uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327496638033989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321987956601329, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH值Cd总含量/(mg·kg-1TCLP提取态Cd含量/(mg·kg-1CaCl2提取态Cd含量/(mg·kg-1
6.211.530.290.05
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供试土壤基本理化性质

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pH值Cd总含量/(mg·kg-1TCLP提取态Cd含量/(mg·kg-1CaCl2提取态Cd含量/(mg·kg-1
6.211.530.290.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241327496914858077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321987956601329, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水稻品种FeSO4施加量/(mg·kg-1根际土壤pH值
湘晚籼12号06.06±0.05a
405.89±0.11a
805.70±0.03ab
1605.54±0.07bc
3205.36±0.09c
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FeSO4对水稻根际土壤pH值的影响

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水稻品种FeSO4施加量/(mg·kg-1根际土壤pH值
湘晚籼12号06.06±0.05a
405.89±0.11a
805.70±0.03ab
1605.54±0.07bc
3205.36±0.09c
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FeSO4对水稻根表铁膜及污染稻田土中镉迁移转运影响研究
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李威 1 , 谢悦 1 , 石竹 2 , 陈立伟 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(2): 96-99
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(2): 96-99
FeSO4对水稻根表铁膜及污染稻田土中镉迁移转运影响研究
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李威1 , 谢悦1 , 石竹2, 陈立伟1
作者信息
  • 1.长沙环境保护职业技术学院,湖南 长沙 410003
  • 2.湖南省生态环境事务中心,湖南 长沙 410003
  • 李威(1988—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为环境工程与污染防治。E-mail:

通讯作者:

谢悦(1993—),女,湖南湘潭人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为稻米食品安全控制。E-mail:
Effects of FeSO4 on Root Iron Plaque and Migration and Transportation of Cd in Contaminated Paddy Soil
Wei LI1 , Yue XIE1 , Zhu SHI2, Liwei CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
  • 2.Hunan Ecological Environment Affairs Center, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.024
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选取湖南某污染稻田耕作层土壤,通过盆栽实验外源施加硫酸亚铁(FeSO4),研究FeSO4对水稻根表铁膜及污染稻田土中镉(Cd)迁移转运的影响。结果表明,随着FeSO4施加量增加(0~320 mg/kg),水稻根际土壤pH值呈下降趋势,最高下降了0.70;水稻盆栽土壤TCLP-Cd含量与对照组相比出现一定程度上升;施加FeSO4,降低了水稻茎叶、谷壳、糙米中Cd含量,增加了水稻植株根表铁膜的数量,一定程度上控制了水稻对土壤中Cd的吸收。但施加外源铁影响了土壤pH值及Cd的生物有效性,在实际稻田施加FeSO4时建议与石灰等其他碱性修复材料进行组配,以获得更好的阻控效果。

污染土壤  /  重金属污染  /  土壤修复  /  水稻  /  镉  /  外源铁  /  根表铁膜  /  生物有效性

A kind of contaminated paddy soil was taken for pot experiment by adding FeSO4 to investigate the impact of FeSO4 on the formation of iron plaques on the root surface and the migration of the Cd from Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Results show that with the addition of FeSO4 increased from 0 to 320 mg/kg, the pH value of the paddy soil tends to decline, maximally by 0.70. The TCLP-Cd content in the potting soil rises to a certain extent compared to the control group. The addition of FeSO4 significantly reduces the Cd content in leaves, husks, and brown rice, as well as effectively increases the amount of root iron plaque, thus the absorption of Cd in the soil by rice is moderately controlled. However, the addition of external iron resource can bring impact to the pH of soil and bioavailability of Cd, so it is recommended that in practical operation, FeSO4 should be added with some alkaline restorative materials such as lime to contaminated paddy fields for enhancing the control.

contaminated soil  /  heavy metal pollution  /  soil restoration  /  rice  /  Cd  /  external iron resource  /  root iron plaque  /  bioavailability
李威, 谢悦, 石竹, 陈立伟. FeSO4对水稻根表铁膜及污染稻田土中镉迁移转运影响研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (2) : 96 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.024
Wei LI, Yue XIE, Zhu SHI, Liwei CHEN. Effects of FeSO4 on Root Iron Plaque and Migration and Transportation of Cd in Contaminated Paddy Soil[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (2) : 96 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.024
土壤重金属污染是我国土壤污染的主要原因之一,不同区域土壤重金属污染程度不同[1],全国土壤总的重金属超标率为16.1%,其中镉(Cd)的超标率为7.0%[2]。湖南是重要的水稻生产区,同时也是有色金属之乡,有色金属生产区与水稻生产区的重叠使得湖南稻米中重金属Cd超标问题凸显[3],急需加强农用地重金属污染治理,保障人民“舌尖上安全”。水稻作为湖南省种植面积最广的粮食作物[4-5],Cd污染稻田的治理是土壤污染防治工作的重要一环。
原位钝化技术是受重金属污染稻田安全防治的一种常见且有效的技术,通过向土壤中施用一定量的金属氧化物、生物材料或黏土矿物等,将土壤中的重金属“钝化”,进而降低其生物有效性,减少作物对土壤中重金属的吸收与积累[6-8]。现有研究中,Cd污染稻田修复材料以石灰石、黏土矿物等为主,也有使用Fe等金属元素的报道[9-10]。Fe元素是水稻生长发育必需的营养元素,同时也是水稻根表铁膜的重要组成部分,具有一定的控Cd潜力。本文在湖南某稻田污染土壤中加入不同浓度FeSO4,研究外源铁对土壤pH值及土壤Cd生物有效性的影响,探究FeSO4对水稻根表铁膜、水稻吸收累计Cd的影响。以Fe元素对受污染稻田中Cd迁移累积的阻控为切入点,探寻抑制稻米Cd累积的营养型阻控技术,势必能为稻田Cd污染治理提供新的解决途径。
供试水稻品种为湘晚籼12号(常规稻),购于湖南农丰种业有限公司。
外源铁为FeSO4·5H2O,优级纯。
供试耕种层土壤分别取自湖南省宁乡市双江口镇某地区(Cd含量0.16 mg/kg)与湖南省郴州市苏仙区柿竹园某稻田(Cd含量3.89 mg/kg)。将供试宁乡、郴州耕种层土壤按照质量比15∶7混合,得到盆栽实验污染稻田土壤(Cd含量1.53 mg/kg),供试土壤基本理化性质见表1
盆栽实验地点为湖南省长沙市雨花区长沙环境保护职业技术学院(112.981778E,28.105036N),该地属于亚热带季风性气候,气候温和、降水充沛、雨热同期、四季分明,年均降水量1 350.1~1 450.2 mm,年平均气温17.2 ℃左右,积温为5 457 ℃。将供试土壤自然风干、去除石子、植物根茎等杂物,装入盆栽实验桶中,每桶装土2 kg。盆栽土壤和水稻样品设置3个采样时期:分蘖盛期、灌浆期以及成熟期。FeSO4施加量设置5个梯度:0、40、80、160、320 mg/kg,每个施加量设3个平行样。
将供试土壤加水充分搅拌均匀,土壤熟化30 d后,按照设计梯度施入FeSO4。继续熟化30 d,期间补水,并保持每一盆液面高度一致。将水稻种子在0.5%的H2O2溶液中浸泡12 h后,置于湿润环境培养发芽,而后转移至未受重金属污染的土壤中育秧。土壤熟化与水稻育秧工作完成后,选取长势一致、健康的苗期水稻插入盆中。将水稻盆栽移至室外培养,水稻水分管理模式、生长周期与湖南双季稻传统种植方式一致。
盆栽实验采集水稻根系周围根际土壤。将土壤样品去除杂质、自然风干,过0.15 mm筛,保存待测。土壤样品分析指标包括土壤pH值、土壤中Cd的CaCl2提取态(简称CaCl2-Cd)、土壤中Cd的TCLP(Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure,毒性浸出试验)提取态(简称TCLP-Cd)。水稻样品先后分别用自来水、超纯水洗净,采集水稻根系根表铁膜,晾干。105 ℃下杀青30 min后再70 ℃下烘干,分根系、茎叶、谷壳、糙米四部分,分别称干重,采集备用。粉碎后使用干灰化法(GB/T 5009—2003)消解。水稻根表铁膜采用DCB法浸提,根表铁膜中Cd含量采用DCB-Cd表示,根表铁膜数量用DCB浸提液中铁含量与稻根干重之比表示(DCB-Fe,mg/kg RDW)。样品测定使用ICP-AES分析仪(ICP 6300,Thermo,USA)。土壤与水稻样品分别以国家标准(物质土壤[GBW(E)-070009]和湖南大米[GBW10045(GSB-23)])进行质量控制,同时做空白实验。土壤样品Cd回收率为96.2%~103.8%,植物样品Cd回收率为97.8%~102.1%。
应用Excel 2016和SPSS 22.0软件进行统计和分析数据,文中数据结果为平均值±标准偏差,图形采用OriginPro 2017进行绘制。所有数据采用显著性F测验和Duncan多重比较(P<0.05)进行差异分析。
FeSO4对水稻根际土壤pH值的影响见表2。随FeSO4施加量增加,水稻根际土壤pH值呈现下降趋势,与对照组相比分别下降了0.17~0.70。FeSO4施加量为160、320 mg/kg的处理组与对照组相比存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。
FeSO4对土壤中Cd的两种提取态含量的影响见图1。与对照组相比,CaCl2-Cd含量在FeSO4施加量160 mg/kg时最低、施加量320 mg/kg时最高,但各添加组与对照组相比均不显著;随着FeSO4施加量增大,盆栽土壤TCLP-Cd含量显著升高,与对照组相比,水稻盆栽土壤TCLP-Cd含量分别上升了120.1%~142.2%;随着FeSO4施加量升高,水稻盆栽土壤中Cd的生物有效性出现一定程度升高。
FeSO4浓度对水稻糙米、谷壳、茎叶、白根中Cd含量的影响见图2。不同FeSO4施加量下,水稻茎叶、谷壳、糙米中Cd含量均呈下降趋势。与对照组相比,施加FeSO4后水稻茎叶、谷壳、糙米中Cd含量分别下降了27.2%~45.2%、11.6%~37.5%、14.6%~42.5%。糙米、谷壳和茎叶中Cd含量在FeSO4添加量较高时显著降低(P<0.05),根系中Cd含量变化不显著。
图3为水稻根表铁膜中Cd含量与根表铁膜数量的变化。与对照组相比,施加FeSO4有效增加了水稻植株根表铁膜的数量。与对照组相比,不同处理组水稻根表铁膜的DCB-Fe含量显著增加(P<0.05)。水稻根表铁膜DCB-Cd含量远高于水稻植株各部位Cd含量,不同处理组的DCB-Cd含量没有显著变化。
本研究中,施加FeSO4显著影响了土壤基本理化性质。盆栽土壤pH值随着FeSO4施加量升高显著降低,施加量320 mg/kg时,土壤pH值下降了0.70(P<0.05)。这主要是因为Fe2+进入土壤后部分被氧化为Fe3+,在湖南气候条件下水稻长期处于渍水环境,水稻根系呼吸作用过程中会有部分氧气从根系中渗出,使得根系部分Fe2+被氧化为Fe3+[11-12]。在土壤溶液中,发生了Fe3++3H2O→Fe(OH)3↓+3H+和Fe2++2H2O→Fe(OH)2↓+2H+反应,使得土壤溶液中H+浓度上升。土壤pH值是影响土壤-水稻系统中Cd赋存形态的关键因素之一,土壤pH值发生变化时,土壤颗粒表面的吸附位点、电荷含量及极性、重金属离子溶解度及其复合物的离解度均会发生相应变化,引发一系列的吸附解吸、沉淀溶解等过程[13-15]。随着根际土壤pH值降低,土壤有机质表面电负性减弱,质子争夺表面结合位点的能力增强,使得Cd被释放,这一定程度上增强了土壤溶液中Cd的生物有效性[16-17]。在本研究中,随着FeSO4施加量增加,盆栽土壤CaCl2-Cd含量出现一定增加但不显著,TCLP-Cd含量与对照组相比显著上升。
根表铁膜是沉积在沼生植物根系外层细胞上的一层无定形或结晶铁(亚铁)化合物,主要由于根际的径向泌氧(ROL)和氧化剂在根表将Fe2+氧化成氧化铁或氢氧化物沉淀[18]。施加FeSO4能显著增加水稻根表铁膜的量,与对照组相比,水稻根表铁膜的数量升高了44.3%~78.0%。根表铁膜是水稻根系与根际土壤物质交换的一道重要屏障,具有特殊的电化学特性,可以通过离子之间的吸附-解吸、氧化-还原、有机与无机的络合等方式改变根际土壤中Cd离子的迁移能力和存在形式[19-20]。文献[21-22]通过水培实验发现,存在根表铁膜的水稻根系中Cd含量显著低于无根表铁膜覆盖的水稻根系,而增加Fe2+的施加量能有效增加水稻根表铁膜的厚度,使大量Cd被吸附在根表铁膜上从而降低水稻植株中Cd含量。这与本研究类似,随着FeSO4施加量增加,水稻谷壳和茎叶中Cd含量在FeSO4施加量较高时显著降低。同时由于施加了FeSO4,土壤中Fe2+增加,水稻根表铁膜的数量显著增加。另外,部分Fe2+被根系分泌的氧化酶、氧化性物质等氧化为Fe3+,因其强大的氧化作用,就近沉淀于水稻根系表皮细胞外面及其间隙,形成的铁膜具有数量多、厚度大、较牢固等特点。Fe3+处理后虽然也能形成根表铁膜,但相较而言铁膜颜色较浅、较松散,导致水稻根表铁膜数量显著低于Fe2+处理时。这可能是因为Fe3+直接作用所产生的铁氧化物或铁氢氧化物等主要存在于根际周围,很难进入根系内部[23-24]
FeSO4的加入使得水稻糙米中重金属Cd含量显著下降,最多下降了42.5%。这可能与水稻根表铁膜量的增加有关。根表铁膜吸附Cd的含量远高于水稻各部位,铁膜阻碍了土壤中重金属Cd进入水稻植株体内。这证明添加外源Fe元素有一定的Cd污染土壤修复潜力。但随着FeSO4施加量升高,土壤pH值降低,TCLP-Cd含量显著增加,这可能会导致土壤溶液中重金属Cd的活性增加。本研究中,FeSO4各施加量组对水稻植株吸收转运Cd显著存在阻控效果,在实际稻田施用过程中,建议与石灰等碱性修复材料进行组配使用以获得更好的阻控效果。
1)施加FeSO4降低了水稻根际土壤pH值,不同施加量下分别下降了0.17~0.70。随着FeSO4施加量增加,盆栽土壤CaCl2-Cd含量先降低后升高,TCLP-Cd含量上升。
2)FeSO4显著增加了水稻根表铁膜数量,与对照组相比,不同施加量下根表铁膜的数量分别升高了44.3%~78.0%。
3)施加FeSO4降低了水稻糙米中Cd含量,茎叶、谷壳、糙米中Cd含量分别降低了27.2%~45.2%、11.6%~37.5%、14.6%~42.5%,白根中Cd含量的变化不明显,施加外源铁元素有效控制了水稻对土壤中Cd的吸收与转运。
  • 湖南省环境保护科研项目(HBKT-2022016)
  • 湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21C1584)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(211109415018)
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2024年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.02.024
  • 接收时间:2024-01-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-05
基金
湖南省环境保护科研项目(HBKT-2022016)
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21C1584)
湖南省自然科学基金(211109415018)
作者信息
    1.长沙环境保护职业技术学院,湖南 长沙 410003
    2.湖南省生态环境事务中心,湖南 长沙 410003

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谢悦(1993—),女,湖南湘潭人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为稻米食品安全控制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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