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Article(id=1241321698914529975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730476800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883755663, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883755663, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883755663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883755663, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321691524158287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883753901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884632018, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321699501732577, articleId=1241321698914529975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=A New Type of Discontinuous Mining System for Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A new type of discontinuous mining system for deep-sea polymetallic nodules was proposed, consisting of collecting seafloor ore, conveying to buffer by flexible hose, and high-speed lifting of buffer. Then, the design and key equipment selection were carried out for the collecting system, flexible hose conveyance system and buffer lifting system for comprehensively lifting 100 t/h of ores at water depth of 5 200 m in the Minmetals' Contract Area. Furthermore, flexible hose configuration and load characteristics, as well as cable load dynamics during buffer lifting were all analyzed by hydrodynamic simulation. It is shown that with the flexible hose equipped with 18 buoyancy blocks, minimum bending radius of 1.6 m and a maximum tension of 4.98 kN, the whole mining system can satisfy requirements for the minimum bending radius and safe load capacity. During high-speed lifting of buffer, the cable can have the safety factor of comprehensive stress up to 5.22-6.03, exceeding the safety factor stated in national standard. These findings validate the reliability of this new type of deep-sea discontinuous mining system.

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提出了“海底矿石富集采集-柔性管输送-料仓高速提升”的新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统。以中国五矿多金属结核勘探合同区水深5 200 m、提升矿石综合产能100 t/h为开采目标，进行了该作业系统中采集系统、软管输送系统、料仓提升系统的关键设备设计选型。采用水动力仿真计算开展了软管构型及载荷特征、料仓提升过程缆绳载荷特性等分析。结果表明，软管浮力块数量18个、输送软管最小弯曲半径1.6 m、最大张力4.98 kN条件下，该作业系统能满足最小弯曲半径和安全载荷需求；料仓高速提升过程中，缆绳综合应力安全系数5.22～6.03，大于国家标准要求的安全系数，验证了新型深海非连续采矿作业系统的可靠性。

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张明（1987—），男，湖南永州人，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为深海采矿输送技术。E-mail：

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张明（1987—），男，湖南永州人，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为深海采矿输送技术。E-mail：

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张明（1987—），男，湖南永州人，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为深海采矿输送技术。E-mail：

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Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327693866791082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=船舶与海洋技术甲板机械舷梯绞车：GB/T 1392—2021/ISO 7364: 2016[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327693959065773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ships and marine technology-deck machinery-accommodation ladder winches: GB/T 1392—2021/ISO 7364: 2016[S]. 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language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=An integrated concentrating and collecting vehicle, figureFileSmall=L18PTM02cVTmzOeQqL7xvw==, figureFileBig=ttk23DweTywfZNNWcpCzIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327683343282897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=CN, label=图2, caption=富集及采集一体化采矿车, figureFileSmall=L18PTM02cVTmzOeQqL7xvw==, figureFileBig=ttk23DweTywfZNNWcpCzIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327683490083548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Distributed buoyancy blocks on flexible pipe, figureFileSmall=tUuQ72Qv0AUBpo8mST+QnQ==, figureFileBig=0393xEM92zVZMDiNve0oGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327683632689890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=CN, label=图3, caption=软管分布式浮力块结构示意图, figureFileSmall=tUuQ72Qv0AUBpo8mST+QnQ==, 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（a）软管与料仓连接；（b）软管与料仓解脱

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（a）起始时刻；（b）结束时刻

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Lifting parameters of buffer

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水深/m下放速度/（m·min-1）提升速度/（m·min-1）水下对接时间/min甲板卸料时间/min
5 2001601002015
), ArticleFig(id=1241327688414196681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

料仓提升参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水深/m下放速度/（m·min-1）提升速度/（m·min-1）水下对接时间/min甲板卸料时间/min
5 2001601002015
), ArticleFig(id=1241327688540025806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Structural parameters of buffer

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结构参数名称取值结构参数名称取值
料仓外框外径/m6.5体积/m3138.6
料仓框架总高/m9.0密度/（t·m-3）1.8
底部内径/m5.2料仓结核装载量/t200.0
顶部内径/m1.0空仓空气中称重/t32.0
圆柱段高/m5.5空仓水中称重/t28.0
圆台段高/m2.5满仓空气中称重/t232.0
矿石堆积比例/%80.0满仓水中称重/t124.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241327688653272020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

料仓结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构参数名称取值结构参数名称取值
料仓外框外径/m6.5体积/m3138.6
料仓框架总高/m9.0密度/（t·m-3）1.8
底部内径/m5.2料仓结核装载量/t200.0
顶部内径/m1.0空仓空气中称重/t32.0
圆柱段高/m5.5空仓水中称重/t28.0
圆台段高/m2.5满仓空气中称重/t232.0
矿石堆积比例/%80.0满仓水中称重/t124.0
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Winch parameters

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额定负载/kN额定速度/（m·min-1）电动机功率/kW缆绳直径/mm卷筒容缆量/m
3 5000～1601 250×4705 500
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绞车参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
额定负载/kN额定速度/（m·min-1）电动机功率/kW缆绳直径/mm卷筒容缆量/m
3 5000～1601 250×4705 500
), ArticleFig(id=1241327689060119528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Load parameters of flexible pipe with different buoyancy blocks

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浮力块数量采矿车端软管张力/kN料仓端软管张力/kN软管与料仓解脱端头离地高/m
16-0.332 9-0.221 40
171.503 71.453 941.4
184.323 21.599 542.5
195.904 23.364 958.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241327689211114478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321698914529975, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同浮力块数量下软管载荷参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浮力块数量采矿车端软管张力/kN料仓端软管张力/kN软管与料仓解脱端头离地高/m
16-0.332 9-0.221 40
171.503 71.453 941.4
184.323 21.599 542.5
195.904 23.364 958.2
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新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统研究
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张明 1, 2 , 郑皓 1, 2 , 双志 1, 2 , 王伟 1, 2 , 李小艳 1, 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(2): 6-12
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(2): 6-12
新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统研究
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张明1, 2 , 郑皓1, 2, 双志1, 2, 王伟1, 2, 李小艳1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012
  • 2.深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410012

    • 张明（1987—），男，湖南永州人，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为深海采矿输送技术。E-mail：

A New Type of Discontinuous Mining System for Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules
Ming ZHANG1, 2 , Hao ZHENG1, 2, Zhi SHUANG1, 2, Wei WANG1, 2, Xiaoyan LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Changsha 410012, Hunan, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Deep-Sea Mineral Resources, Changsha 410012, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.002
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摘要
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提出了“海底矿石富集采集-柔性管输送-料仓高速提升”的新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统。以中国五矿多金属结核勘探合同区水深5 200 m、提升矿石综合产能100 t/h为开采目标，进行了该作业系统中采集系统、软管输送系统、料仓提升系统的关键设备设计选型。采用水动力仿真计算开展了软管构型及载荷特征、料仓提升过程缆绳载荷特性等分析。结果表明，软管浮力块数量18个、输送软管最小弯曲半径1.6 m、最大张力4.98 kN条件下，该作业系统能满足最小弯曲半径和安全载荷需求；料仓高速提升过程中，缆绳综合应力安全系数5.22～6.03，大于国家标准要求的安全系数，验证了新型深海非连续采矿作业系统的可靠性。

深海采矿  /  非连续采矿  /  多金属结核  /  采集系统  /  软管输送  /  深海采矿车  /  料仓提升  /  水动力学  /  软管构型  /  缆绳

A new type of discontinuous mining system for deep-sea polymetallic nodules was proposed, consisting of collecting seafloor ore, conveying to buffer by flexible hose, and high-speed lifting of buffer. Then, the design and key equipment selection were carried out for the collecting system, flexible hose conveyance system and buffer lifting system for comprehensively lifting 100 t/h of ores at water depth of 5 200 m in the Minmetals' Contract Area. Furthermore, flexible hose configuration and load characteristics, as well as cable load dynamics during buffer lifting were all analyzed by hydrodynamic simulation. It is shown that with the flexible hose equipped with 18 buoyancy blocks, minimum bending radius of 1.6 m and a maximum tension of 4.98 kN, the whole mining system can satisfy requirements for the minimum bending radius and safe load capacity. During high-speed lifting of buffer, the cable can have the safety factor of comprehensive stress up to 5.22-6.03, exceeding the safety factor stated in national standard. These findings validate the reliability of this new type of deep-sea discontinuous mining system.

deep-sea mining  /  discontinuous mining  /  polymetallic nodules  /  collecting system  /  flexible hose conveyance  /  deep-sea collector vehicle  /  buffer lifting  /  hydrodynamics  /  flexible hose configuration  /  cable
张明, 郑皓, 双志, 王伟, 李小艳. 新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 6 -12 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.002
Ming ZHANG, Hao ZHENG, Zhi SHUANG, Wei WANG, Xiaoyan LI. A New Type of Discontinuous Mining System for Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (2) : 6 -12 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.002
正文
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深海蕴藏着丰富的多金属结核、富钴结壳和多金属硫化物等矿产资源，种类多、储量大、品位高，是新能源关键金属材料的新供应源[1-3]。美国地质调查局预计：“到2065年，关键金属供应的35%～65%将来自深海底”[4]。深海矿产资源开发对维护国家海洋资源安全具有重要战略意义，世界许多国家都在加紧深海矿产资源开发关键核心技术攻关，以期加快实现深海矿产资源的商业化开采[5]。
自20世纪50年代末至今，国内外对深海采矿作业模式进行了深入研究，研发了拖斗式、连续绳斗式、自动穿梭艇式、管道提升式等深海采矿作业系统。其中，管道提升式连续采矿作业系统已成为当前深海采矿系统的主要应用模式[6-7]，它具有连续开采优势，但超长立管难以承受恶劣的海况环境，制约了其全天候经济开采、商业化发展。因此，亟须发展新型绿色、高效的深海采矿作业系统，为深海矿产资源可持续商业化开发提供技术基础。
基于此，本文提出了“海底矿石富集采集-柔性管输送-料仓高速提升”的新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统，根据开采目标，对该作业系统的采集系统、软管输送系统、料仓提升系统三大子系统关键设备进行选型设计，并采用水动力仿真计算，开展软管构型及载荷特征、料仓提升过程缆绳载荷特性等分析。
1　新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统
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新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统主要由试验母船、采矿车、软管、料仓以及水下对接装置组成，如图1所示，其工艺流程为：采矿车采集多金属结核→软管输送至料仓→软管与料仓连接端自动解脱→试验母船重载高速绞车提升料仓至试验母船→卸料→空料仓下放至指定位置→水下对接装置将软管与料仓连接→开展下一个区域采矿作业。
以中国五矿多金属结核勘探合同区水深5 200 m、提升矿石综合产能100 t/h为开采目标，设计采矿车采集矿石能力125 t/h，软管输送矿石能力125 t/h，软管长度满足采矿车单个作业区域安全构型需求，单个料仓矿石装载量200 t，重载高速绞车提升能力满足料仓高速提升过程的安全载荷需求，且绞车在2 h内完成料仓提升与下放。
1.1　深海多金属结核采集系统
深海多金属结核采集系统由富集及采集一体化采矿车、液压系统、动力输配系统以及车载环境监测装置组成。富集及采集一体化采矿车如图2所示。
采矿车先通过机械式富集机构富集海底多金属结核，水力式采集装置将结核采集至破碎机，破碎机将多金属结核破碎至指定粒径，再由软管输送泵将破碎后的多金属结核沿着软管输送至料仓。
机械式富集机构由左右对称布置的螺旋耙齿形成V字形结构，相邻耙齿轴向距离小于20 mm，以保证小粒径结核的富集；耙齿插入沉积物中30～100 mm，通过液压马达驱动螺旋耙齿旋转，将多金属结核从沉积物中拨出并使其向中间富集，通过耙齿旋转速度与行走速度的合理匹配，以减小耙齿对海底沉积物的扰动。水力式采集装置利用康达效应水力式采集技术[8]，通过前后喷嘴射流引发向上升力，使结核在水流作用下离开海底，并进入后侧斜向的采收通道，喷嘴射流与海底具有较小的夹角，有助于降低对海底的冲击扰动。
根据采集系统产能125 t/h的要求，设计采矿车富集机构宽5 m、采集装置宽1.5 m、采矿车海底矿石采集率90%、回采率80%。
1.2　软管输送系统
软管输送系统通过软管输送泵将采矿车采集的多金属结核沿着软管输送至料仓，主要包括输送软管、软管分布式浮力块、输送泵等。为了满足采矿车单个作业区域内软管构型需求，需要设计合理的软管长度。根据海底矿石丰度13 kg/m2、采矿车回采率80%计算得到单位面积矿石采集量10.4 kg/m2；根据单个作业区域采集矿石量200 t计算得到单个作业区域面积19 230.8 m2。考虑余量，单个作业面积按20 000 m2计，设计单个作业区域长200 m、宽100 m，考虑软管构型，设计输送软管长250 m。
输送软管选用粘接型海洋柔性管[9]，该类型软管质量轻、弯曲半径小，其结构包括橡胶层、金属层、纤维增强层，软管采用整体嵌入式接头与管体硫化黏合。根据输送流量和输送浓度，所选软管外径257 mm、内径203 mm，空气中管体质量37.5 kg/m，软管两端限弯器长度10 m。
软管分布式浮力块用于提供输送软管浮力，通过绑扎一定数量的浮力块使软管满足“∩”构型。浮力块采用内筒与外筒结构，外筒提供浮力，内筒夹具与软管夹紧防止浮力块与软管产生滑移，软管分布式浮力块结构如图3所示。单个浮力块质量375 kg，单个浮力块提供净浮力335 kg。
输送泵需满足输送矿石量125 t/h、输送矿石浓度（体积分数）15%、输送矿石最大粒径30 mm、输送矿物距离250 m的输送要求，设计采用蜗壳式离心泵，如图4所示。
1.3　料仓提升系统
单个料仓矿石装载量为200 t，单个料仓提升与下放总时间约2 h，即料仓提升系统矿石综合提升能力100 t/h。料仓提升参数设计如表1所示。
料仓提升系统主要包括料仓、重载绞车、轻质高强度缆绳。软管与料仓水下对接与解脱通过水下对接装置（如图5所示）实现。
1.3.1　料仓
料仓示意图如图6所示。料仓主要由仓体和外框架组成，仓体用于储存矿石，采用封闭的“圆柱+圆台”结构，外壁开小槽型孔，用于料仓提升过程脱泥；外框架用于承载料仓载荷作用力。根据料仓装载量，设计料仓结构参数如表2所示。
1.3.2　提升缆绳及重载绞车
料仓提升缆绳选用轻质、高强、高耐磨芳纶纤维缆绳，缆绳直径70 mm，密度约1.44 g/cm3，单丝拉伸强度3 200～3 700 MPa，芳纶纤维线性膨胀系数低，断裂伸长率高，冲击强度优异，比弹性模量高[10]，适用于海洋环境重物提升。
采用电动重载绞车提升、下放料仓。重载绞车如图7所示，绞车参数如表3所示。
2　水动力计算模型建立
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为了验证新型深海非连续采矿作业系统的可靠性，采用Orcaflex水动力计算软件校核输送软管构型特征、料仓提升过程缆绳载荷强度。Orcaflex水动力计算原理是基于集中质量法[11]，运用三维势流理论中的时域法进行耦合分析[12]。时域分析能够模拟浮式结构物在一段时间内、在给定条件下的运动状态，真实反映实际复杂风浪流组合海况下的运动情况。水动力计算模型如图8所示，包括试验母船、采矿车、料仓、输送软管等。
根据中国五矿多金属结核勘探合同区勘探数据，水动力计算参数为：作业水深5 200 m，海浪4级，风速15 m/s，表层海流流速0.8 m/s，底层海流流速0.09 m/s。
3　模拟结果分析
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3.1　不同浮力块数量下软管构型特征分析
采用静态分析法（采矿车静止）研究不同浮力块数量下软管与料仓连接/解脱时软管构型特征，以获取软管浮力块最佳数量。
设置采矿车与料仓位于水深5 200 m海底，水平间距50 m。在软管两端分别绑扎2个浮力块，在软管中心位置绑扎12～15个浮力块，间距5 m，不同浮力块数量下软管载荷参数如表4所示。
由表4可知，浮力块数量16个时，软管与料仓解脱时已经着地，且软管两端张力为负值，不满足安全构型需求。浮力块数量17～19个时，软管呈现“∩”构型，达到构型需求。随着浮力块数量增加，软管与料仓解脱后端头离地高度增加，若软管端头离地距离近，便于软管水下对接装置拖拽软管与料仓对接，浮力块数量17和18个时，软管与料仓解脱端头离地相对较低，此时采矿车端软管张力分别为1.503 7和4.323 2 kN。软管张力越大，构型稳定性越好，综上分析，适宜的浮力块数量18个相对较好。图9为浮力块数量18个时软管与料仓连接/解脱构型图。
3.2　采矿车行驶过程中软管载荷特征分析
采用动态仿真分析方法研究采矿车行驶过程中软管构型变化，并分析软管两端弯曲半径以及张力大小，以评估采矿车在单个作业区域内（长200 m、宽100 m）是否满足安全设计需求。
设置采矿车与料仓初始间距10 m，采矿车采用回转方式行走，行走速度0.5 m/s，转弯半径10 m，共回转5次，采矿车行走轨迹坐标如图10所示。
图11为采矿车行驶过程中软管构型图，软管始终保持相对稳定的“∩”构型，说明18个浮力块满足采矿车行驶过程中软管构型设计需求。
图12为采矿车行驶过程中软管两端张力变化曲线，采矿车端软管张力比料仓端软管张力大，这是因为采矿车行驶时连接着软管一起运动，当采矿车沿Y轴远离料仓时，软管两端张力增加，在拐角处出现峰值；当采矿车沿Y轴回转时，软管两端张力先减小后增大。整个采矿作业区域内，软管两端张力最大值为4.98 kN，远小于料仓侧翻拉力，说明采矿车行驶过程满足安全作业需求。
图13为采矿车行驶过程中软管两端曲率变化曲线，当采矿车沿Y轴远离料仓时，软管两端曲率增大，在拐角处出现峰值；当采矿车沿Y轴回转时，软管两端曲率先减小后增大。采矿车沿X轴远离料仓时，软管两端曲率呈增大趋势，说明软管弯曲半径逐渐减小，采矿车端软管弯曲半径最小值为1.6 m，料仓端软管弯曲半径最小值为1.876 m，根据软管选型，该型号软管最小弯曲半径1 m，说明采矿车行驶过程中软管未发生过度弯曲。
综上分析，软管长度250 m、浮力块18个、单个作业区域面积200 m×100 m条件下采矿车行驶路径满足安全设计需求。
3.3　料仓提升过程中缆绳载荷特性分析
采用6D Buoy模块建立料仓计算模型，包括试验母船、料仓、绞车及缆绳，考虑料仓3个方向迎水面积，水阻力系数取1.5，提升过程料仓为满仓（质量232 t），提升缆绳采用line模块，缆绳直径70 mm。
料仓提升过程起始时刻（脱离海床阶段），料仓从海底提升2.5 m高度，提升速度0.5 m/s；中间时刻（深水区阶段），从海底2.5 m提升至水面以下50 m处，提升速度1.67 m/s；末段时刻（出水阶段），从水面以下50 m处提升至水面以上6 m，提升速度从1.67 m/s逐渐减速至0。料仓从海底5200 m提升至水面以上6 m，用时52 min。
图14为料仓提升过程中料仓提升速度随时间变化曲线，在深水区阶段，绞车以1.67 m/s速度收缆，由于母船在海浪作用下上下摇晃，料仓提升速度在1.67 m/s上下波动，最大速度达到3.90 m/s。
图15为料仓提升过程中缆绳顶端张力随时间变化曲线。料仓提升时，在脱离海床阶段和出水阶段，缆绳张力显著变大；在深水区阶段，由于缆绳长度减小，张力平均值逐渐减小。提升过程中缆绳顶端张力最大值为2 360.4 kN，所选绞车负载能力为3 500 kN，绞车负载能力满足料仓高速提升需求。定义安全系数为材料屈服强度与最大综合应力的比值，料仓提升过程中缆绳顶端最大综合应力为613.3 MPa，所选芳纶纤维缆绳拉伸强度3 200～3 700 MPa，缆绳综合应力安全系数5.22～6.03，根据《船舶与海洋技术甲板机械舷梯绞车》（GB/T 1392—2021/ISO 7364：2016）[13]要求，绞车缆绳支持负荷下的安全系数应不小于5，本文选择的缆绳最小安全系数大于国标规范要求的安全系数。综上分析，料仓提升系统采用直径70 mm芳纶纤维以及重载绞车能满足料仓提升过程安全载荷设计需求。
4　总结
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1）提出了“海底矿石富集采集-柔性管输送-料仓高速提升”的新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统，该系统由试验母船、采矿车、软管、料仓以及水下对接装置组成。
2）新型深海多金属结核非连续采矿作业系统采集矿石能力125 t/h、软管输送矿石能力125 t/h、单个料仓矿石装载量200 t、单个料仓提升与下放总时间2 h，能满足综合产能100 t/h设计需求。
3）采矿车单个作业区域面积200 m×100 m、输送软管总长度250 m、浮力块数量18个，能满足海底多金属结核安全输送设计需求。
4）重载绞车选用直径70 mm芳纶纤维提升缆绳，绞车负载能力3 500 kN、绞车提升速度100 m/min，能满足料仓提升设计需求。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801701)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金重大项目(2021JC0014)
文献
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.002
  • 接收时间：2024-11-02
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-02
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801701)
湖南省自然科学基金重大项目(2021JC0014)
作者信息
    1.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012
    2.深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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