Article(id=1241321695844291541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729612800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883754930, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883754930, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883754930, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883754930, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321691524158287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883753901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884632018, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321696184030184, articleId=1241321695844291541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Inversion of Mechanical Parameters and Dynamic Response Analysis of Dangerous Rock Mass Slopes After Earthquakes, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The south slope of the Jingxi-Barak mining area of Xinjiang Jinchuan Mining Industry was taken for study. As for the issues of weakening mechanical parameters of slopes after an earthquake and the stability assessment of slopes under aftershocks, a BP neural network model optimized by the crow search algorithm (CSA-BP) was proposed for the inversion of mechanical parameters of slopes after an earthquake. The stability of slopes with dangerous rock mass under aftershocks was evaluated by using the discrete element method. The results show that the CSA-BP model can quantitatively reveal the weakening characteristics of rock masses through the inversion of mechanical parameters. Under aftershock of a magnitude 5 earthquake, significant displacement occurs in the tuffaceous sandstone in the middle and upper parts of the slope, with horizontal (x-direction) displacement far exceeding vertical (z-direction) displacement, indicating that slope instability is dominated by horizontal sliding. The CSA-BP model can accurately identify high-risk zones through a parameter-dynamic coupling mechanism, providing theoretical support for slope protection after earthquakes.

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以新疆金川矿业京希-巴拉克采区南帮边坡为工程背景,针对震后边坡力学参数弱化及余震下边坡稳定性评估问题,提出了基于乌鸦算法(CSA)优化的BP神经网络模型(CSA-BP),用于震后边坡力学参数反演,并结合离散元法对余震状态下危岩体边坡稳定性进行评价。结果表明,CSA-BP模型反演震后边坡力学参数,定量揭示了岩体弱化特征;5级余震下边坡中上部凝灰质砂岩位移显著,x方向位移远超竖向(z方向)位移,边坡失稳以水平滑移为主。CSA-BP模型能通过参数-动力耦合机制精准定位高风险区,可为震后边坡防护提供理论支撑。

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侯钦宽(1995—),男,河南安阳人,博士研究生,主要从事岩体稳定性评价与分析研究。E-mail:
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卢栋(1977—),男,山西霍州人,高级工程师,主要从事基础地矿与矿产勘查工作。E-mail:

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卢栋(1977—),男,山西霍州人,高级工程师,主要从事基础地矿与矿产勘查工作。E-mail:

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卢栋(1977—),男,山西霍州人,高级工程师,主要从事基础地矿与矿产勘查工作。E-mail:

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Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024, 44(5): 12-16., articleTitle=Prediction of rock blasting fragmentation based on the ACO-BP model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327693443158783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=李屹, 夏祥生, 徐继业, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李屹, 夏祥生, 徐继业, 等. 爆破振动作用下含断层边坡动力响应分析[J]. 矿冶工程, 2024, 44(1): 21-24., articleTitle=爆破振动作用下含断层边坡动力响应分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327693527044868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=21, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=LI Yi, XIA Xiangsheng, XU Jiye, journalName=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Yi, XIA Xiangsheng, XU Jiye, et al. Dynamic response analysis of a faulted slope under blasting vibration[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024, 44(1): 21-24., articleTitle=Dynamic response analysis of a faulted slope under blasting vibration, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241327688359662151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, awardId=2021111, language=CN, fundingSource=中国—中东欧国家高校联合教育项目(2021111), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241327688456131151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, awardId=U1602232; 52374157, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(U1602232; 52374157), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241327688548405844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, awardId=2019JH2-10100035, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省重点科技计划项目(2019JH2-10100035), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241327688661652062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, awardId=N2301005; N2301006, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(N2301005; N2301006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241327674451350260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674463933174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, companyId=1241327674451350260, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xinjiang Jinchuan Mining Co., Ltd., Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture 835000, Xinjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674472321784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, companyId=1241327674451350260, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新疆金川矿业有限公司,新疆 伊犁 835000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241327674589762305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674602345220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, companyId=1241327674589762305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674640093960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, companyId=1241327674589762305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241327682064011482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Geological map of southern slope in mining area, figureFileSmall=srvyeXX4RUfJkWHNDuNYLA==, figureFileBig=O+6Ki+qkwrIP8/otIkTQbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327682164674792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=图1, caption=采区南侧边坡地质简图, figureFileSmall=srvyeXX4RUfJkWHNDuNYLA==, figureFileBig=O+6Ki+qkwrIP8/otIkTQbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327682370195702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Numerical model of southern slope in mining area, figureFileSmall=gE5LWfCz5DPJ5O9YEv4QUA==, figureFileBig=7JONYIhYoGKZhomv8Bw0iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327682533773573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=图2, caption=采区南侧边坡数值模型, figureFileSmall=gE5LWfCz5DPJ5O9YEv4QUA==, figureFileBig=7JONYIhYoGKZhomv8Bw0iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327682647019788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Operational mechanism of crow search algorithm, figureFileSmall=VkTA5Qpt8t2R2smYMQjgRg==, figureFileBig=HyTkdW/1PKtTSJDYM6Kuqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327682772848922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乌鸦算法搜索运行机制

(a)f<1;(b)f>1

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(a)x方向;(b)y方向

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(a)x方向;(b)z方向

, figureFileSmall=8Wv+SS9bsSl5QWuwy2jElg==, figureFileBig=Eif9XEOk4U1dlVPfhlMgTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327686606442960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification of factor levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平弹性模量E/GPa泊松比μ内摩擦角φ/(°)黏聚力C/MPa
13.500.20025.000.1
25.250.22528.750.2
37.000.25032.500.3
48.750.27536.250.4
510.500.30040.000.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241327686707106265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

因素水平划分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平弹性模量E/GPa泊松比μ内摩擦角φ/(°)黏聚力C/MPa
13.500.20025.000.1
25.250.22528.750.2
37.000.25032.500.3
48.750.27536.250.4
510.500.30040.000.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241327686862295523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Orthogonal experiment results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本编号E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)位移/mm
监测点1监测点2监测点3
13.500.10.20025.0031.89517.5312.54
23.500.20.22528.7529.61217.1822.47
33.500.30.25032.5028.34016.8712.34
43.500.40.27536.2524.42114.9222.14
53.500.50.30040.0021.83813.5741.71
65.250.10.22532.5029.14717.0302.37
75.250.20.25036.2526.58514.9972.22
85.250.30.27540.0024.13014.0180.21
95.250.40.30025.0025.65614.9110.22
105.250.50.20028.7523.29413.7870.19
117.000.10.25040.0025.77114.5940.21
127.000.20.27525.0028.98316.9990.24
137.000.30.30028.7525.98714.8712.12
147.000.40.20032.5023.35813.8781.90
157.000.50.22536.2522.02313.6561.71
168.750.10.27528.7528.96317.1252.49
178.750.20.30032.5026.85815.0212.19
188.750.30.20036.2524.02913.9872.01
198.750.40.22540.0021.98913.5411.66
208.750.50.25025.0022.43013.8471.99
2110.500.10.30036.2527.58716.8902.31
2210.500.20.20040.0022.32913.6201.88
2310.500.30.22525.0024.98514.5892.06
2410.500.40.25028.7523.65413.8851.96
2510.500.50.27532.5022.05013.5591.86
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687009096173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本编号E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)位移/mm
监测点1监测点2监测点3
13.500.10.20025.0031.89517.5312.54
23.500.20.22528.7529.61217.1822.47
33.500.30.25032.5028.34016.8712.34
43.500.40.27536.2524.42114.9222.14
53.500.50.30040.0021.83813.5741.71
65.250.10.22532.5029.14717.0302.37
75.250.20.25036.2526.58514.9972.22
85.250.30.27540.0024.13014.0180.21
95.250.40.30025.0025.65614.9110.22
105.250.50.20028.7523.29413.7870.19
117.000.10.25040.0025.77114.5940.21
127.000.20.27525.0028.98316.9990.24
137.000.30.30028.7525.98714.8712.12
147.000.40.20032.5023.35813.8781.90
157.000.50.22536.2522.02313.6561.71
168.750.10.27528.7528.96317.1252.49
178.750.20.30032.5026.85815.0212.19
188.750.30.20036.2524.02913.9872.01
198.750.40.22540.0021.98913.5411.66
208.750.50.25025.0022.43013.8471.99
2110.500.10.30036.2527.58716.8902.31
2210.500.20.20040.0022.32913.6201.88
2310.500.30.22525.0024.98514.5892.06
2410.500.40.25028.7523.65413.8851.96
2510.500.50.27532.5022.05013.5591.86
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687118148089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Inversion results of CSA-BP neural network model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本编号ECμφ
目标值/GPa反演值/GPa相对误差/%目标值/MPa反演值/MPa相对误差/%目标值反演值相对误差/%目标值/(°)反演值/(°)相对误差/%
13.502.834 119.00.10.106 56.50.2000.196 21.925.0025.746 33.0
75.255.803 610.50.20.217 28.60.2500.308 123.236.2531.228 713.9
137.008.563 422.30.30.289 63.50.3000.293 920.328.7529.387 22.2
198.757.792 411.00.40.422 95.70.2250.222 89.840.0040.211 00.5
2510.509.613 68.40.50.403 619.30.2750.246 710.332.5035.544 39.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687202034176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CSA-BP神经网络模型反演结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本编号ECμφ
目标值/GPa反演值/GPa相对误差/%目标值/MPa反演值/MPa相对误差/%目标值反演值相对误差/%目标值/(°)反演值/(°)相对误差/%
13.502.834 119.00.10.106 56.50.2000.196 21.925.0025.746 33.0
75.255.803 610.50.20.217 28.60.2500.308 123.236.2531.228 713.9
137.008.563 422.30.30.289 63.50.3000.293 920.328.7529.387 22.2
198.757.792 411.00.40.422 95.70.2250.222 89.840.0040.211 00.5
2510.509.613 68.40.50.403 619.30.2750.246 710.332.5035.544 39.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687323668999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Inversion of mechanical parameters with four optimized models

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模型MAE值RMSE值
E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)
CSA-BP0.6490.0640.0220.7800.8770.0450.0290.666
SGD-BP1.0130.0600.0291.0210.9810.0760.0301.019
PSO-BP1.0310.0300.0350.9921.1150.0420.0420.863
PSO-ELM0.7190.0320.0260.8420.8200.0380.0400.813
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687449498128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4种优化模型参数反演结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型MAE值RMSE值
E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)
CSA-BP0.6490.0640.0220.7800.8770.0450.0290.666
SGD-BP1.0130.0600.0291.0210.9810.0760.0301.019
PSO-BP1.0310.0300.0350.9921.1150.0420.0420.863
PSO-ELM0.7190.0320.0260.8420.8200.0380.0400.813
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687550161433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Displacement of monitoring points on slope after earthquake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位移/mm监测点位移/mm监测点位移/mm
131.02426.58729.68
217.24515.04816.87
32.8962.0192.40
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687688573472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

震后边坡监测点位移

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位移/mm监测点位移/mm监测点位移/mm
131.02426.58729.68
217.24515.04816.87
32.8962.0192.40
), ArticleFig(id=1241327687814402598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321695844291541, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Inversion of rock mechanical parameters for slope after earthquake

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监测断面E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)
断面15.9970.1290.25130.170
断面25.5140.0900.23831.026
断面37.9980.1730.27035.209
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震后边坡岩石力学参数反演结果

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监测断面E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)
断面15.9970.1290.25130.170
断面25.5140.0900.23831.026
断面37.9980.1730.27035.209
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Rock mechanical parameters of unstable rock slopes after earthquake

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E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)
6.5030.1310.25332.135
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震后危岩体边坡岩石力学参数

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E/GPaC/MPaμφ/(°)
6.5030.1310.25332.135
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震后危岩体边坡力学参数反演及余震动力响应分析
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卢栋 1 , 富国凯 1 , 孙正军 1 , 代吉才 1 , 高晨翔 2 , 侯钦宽 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(2): 34-40
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(2): 34-40
震后危岩体边坡力学参数反演及余震动力响应分析
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卢栋1 , 富国凯1, 孙正军1, 代吉才1, 高晨翔2, 侯钦宽2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆金川矿业有限公司,新疆 伊犁 835000
  • 2.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
  • 卢栋(1977—),男,山西霍州人,高级工程师,主要从事基础地矿与矿产勘查工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

侯钦宽(1995—),男,河南安阳人,博士研究生,主要从事岩体稳定性评价与分析研究。E-mail:
Inversion of Mechanical Parameters and Dynamic Response Analysis of Dangerous Rock Mass Slopes After Earthquakes
Dong LU1 , Guokai FU1, Zhengjun SUN1, Jicai DAI1, Chenxiang GAO2, Qinkuan HOU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Xinjiang Jinchuan Mining Co., Ltd., Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture 835000, Xinjiang, China
  • 2.School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.006
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以新疆金川矿业京希-巴拉克采区南帮边坡为工程背景,针对震后边坡力学参数弱化及余震下边坡稳定性评估问题,提出了基于乌鸦算法(CSA)优化的BP神经网络模型(CSA-BP),用于震后边坡力学参数反演,并结合离散元法对余震状态下危岩体边坡稳定性进行评价。结果表明,CSA-BP模型反演震后边坡力学参数,定量揭示了岩体弱化特征;5级余震下边坡中上部凝灰质砂岩位移显著,x方向位移远超竖向(z方向)位移,边坡失稳以水平滑移为主。CSA-BP模型能通过参数-动力耦合机制精准定位高风险区,可为震后边坡防护提供理论支撑。

危岩体  /  边坡稳定性  /  岩石力学  /  参数反演  /  乌鸦算法  /  BP神经网络  /  地震响应  /  机器学习

The south slope of the Jingxi-Barak mining area of Xinjiang Jinchuan Mining Industry was taken for study. As for the issues of weakening mechanical parameters of slopes after an earthquake and the stability assessment of slopes under aftershocks, a BP neural network model optimized by the crow search algorithm (CSA-BP) was proposed for the inversion of mechanical parameters of slopes after an earthquake. The stability of slopes with dangerous rock mass under aftershocks was evaluated by using the discrete element method. The results show that the CSA-BP model can quantitatively reveal the weakening characteristics of rock masses through the inversion of mechanical parameters. Under aftershock of a magnitude 5 earthquake, significant displacement occurs in the tuffaceous sandstone in the middle and upper parts of the slope, with horizontal (x-direction) displacement far exceeding vertical (z-direction) displacement, indicating that slope instability is dominated by horizontal sliding. The CSA-BP model can accurately identify high-risk zones through a parameter-dynamic coupling mechanism, providing theoretical support for slope protection after earthquakes.

unstable rock mass  /  slope stability  /  rock mechanics  /  parameter inversion  /  crow search algorithm  /  BP neural network  /  seismic response  /  machine learning
卢栋, 富国凯, 孙正军, 代吉才, 高晨翔, 侯钦宽. 震后危岩体边坡力学参数反演及余震动力响应分析. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.006
Dong LU, Guokai FU, Zhengjun SUN, Jicai DAI, Chenxiang GAO, Qinkuan HOU. Inversion of Mechanical Parameters and Dynamic Response Analysis of Dangerous Rock Mass Slopes After Earthquakes[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (2) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.006
地震会造成岩质边坡严重破坏与变形,不仅会弱化岩质边坡力学参数,还会使岩体内部产生巨大力学作用,导致裂隙产生和扩展,形成潜在危岩体[1-3]。准确评价地震作用下危岩体边坡力学参数和稳定性是保障露天矿山安全开采的关键。随着计算机技术和人工智能的快速发展,基于智能算法的岩石参数反演得到了深入研究。三层BP神经网络模型是岩土工程研究中常用的方法[4]。众多学者对岩石力学参数反演工作[5-8]做出有益探索,但震后岩体应力重分布、裂隙扩展等引起的参数弱化问题尚未得到较好解决。因此,探索震后及余震状态下危岩体参数弱化和定量评价工作意义重大。
边坡动力响应特征是进行震害解释、地震防控及稳定性评价的重要依据。大量学者对地震响应模拟及动载作用下的边坡稳定性做了大量研究[9-12],但大部分研究主要围绕地震的一次性破坏展开,忽略了余震状态下边坡危岩体稳定性问题。因此,非常有必要开展余震状态下边坡稳定性分析。
本文基于乌鸦算法改进BP神经网络模型,用于震后危岩体边坡力学参数反演,并对余震状态下危岩体边坡的稳定性进行评价。以新疆金川矿业京希-巴拉克采区南帮边坡为工程背景,在反演震后危岩体边坡力学参数的基础上,构建离散元模型,通过动力响应分析对震后边坡稳定性进行评价。研究成果可有效避免人工勘测震后危岩体边坡的风险,为震后危岩体边坡的稳定性分析和防护治理提供参考。
新疆金川矿业京希-巴拉克采区位于塔里木-南疆地层大区的中南天山地层小区,南北分别毗邻伊宁地层小区和温泉地层小区[13]。根据大地构造演化的不同阶段及其相应沉积特征,评价区地层可分为基底岩系和盖层岩系两大部分。
图1为京希-巴拉克采区南侧边坡地质简图。该边坡坡度40°~51°,整体坡比1∶1.01,坡高143 m,由11级台阶组成,台阶高度10~13 m,台阶宽度3~4 m。边坡上覆凝灰质砂岩,呈灰绿色和黑褐色,具有凝灰结构和层状构造,风化严重,节理裂隙发育,岩体破碎,岩层产状为341°∠30°。边坡下覆块状灰岩,呈灰白色,具有晶粒结构和层状构造,出露面积较大,厚约260 m,含有灰黑色硅质团块及方解石脉,岩层产状为270°∠6°。受南北向断裂影响,南侧边坡稳定性较低,地震作用下极易失稳。
京希-巴拉克采区南侧边坡于2021年发生滑坡,主要是下部岩体风化破碎无法承受上部覆载,导致边坡整体向下滑动。滑坡体呈近似“圈椅”状,长约480 m,宽90~120 m,相对高差115 m。该滑坡体主滑方向345°,面积约48 000 m2,滑体厚2~4 m,体积约14.4×104 m3,属于中型规模滑坡。滑坡后缘发育了4条裂缝,裂缝长20~95 m、宽0.1~0.2 m、深度大于2 m。
为了分析滑坡破坏机理和地震对岩体的弱化作用,采用离散元法构建采区南侧边坡数值模型,如图2所示。为了简化地震动载作用下的模拟计算,模型介质和边界条件简化处理。考虑边界效应,设置模型尺寸为横向宽150 m、纵向长500 m、高160 m,大于实际滑坡体范围。
乌鸦算法(crow search algorithm,CSA)[14]是一种基于群体智能的优化算法,具有全局搜索能力强、收敛速度快、参数调节简单等优点,特别适用于复杂问题的全局最优解搜索。在本文中,震后危岩体边坡力学参数的反演涉及非线性、多变量优化问题,具有复杂的地质环境和不确定性。乌鸦算法的全局搜索能力能够有效处理这种复杂性,快速找到力学参数的最优解,从而准确反演危岩体边坡的力学行为。因此,本文采用该方法用于震后危岩体边坡力学参数反演。
乌鸦算法的基本思路为乌鸦将多余的食物储存在藏身之处,并在需要食物时将其取回。假设在d维空间中包含N个随机分布的乌鸦数量。每个乌鸦表示一个问题的可行解决方案,d是决策变量的数量。某只乌鸦的位置集合C可表示为:
每只乌鸦i在每一轮会选择一只乌鸦j进行跟踪,存在以下两种情况。
1)情况1:乌鸦j未发现乌鸦i,则乌鸦j继续前往食物隐藏地,乌鸦i的新位置按式(2)计算。
式中:表示第i只乌鸦第t轮的位置;表示第j只乌鸦第t轮的最优位置;ri表示第i只乌鸦的随机概率,取0~1;表示第i只乌鸦第t轮的跟随步长。
2)情况2:乌鸦j发现了乌鸦i,则乌鸦j决定对乌鸦i进行误导,乌鸦i的位置变为随机位置。
综合以上两种情况,乌鸦i在跟随乌鸦j时得到的新位置为:
式中表示第j只乌鸦第t轮的警觉概率。乌鸦算法搜索运行机制如图3所示。
可以看出:f<1时,个体会进行局部搜索;f>1时,个体进行全局搜索。
BP神经网络模型[15]具有输入层、隐藏层和输出层,其工作原理主要分为前向传播和反向传播两个过程。通过不断迭代前向传播和反向传播过程,BP神经网络模型可以不断优化权重和偏置,提高网络的性能和准确性。其工作基本原理如图4所示。
BP神经网络模型与乌鸦算法相结合,可以充分发挥乌鸦算法全局搜索能力强、稳定高效的优势,优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值。本文基于乌鸦算法,构建CSA-BP神经网络模型,实现危岩体边坡力学参数的反演。CSA-BP神经网络模型构建步骤如下:
1)随机初始化神经网络模型的权值和阈值。
2)选择适合的目标函数衡量神经网络模型的性能。通常情况下,可选择神经网络模型的损失函数作为目标函数,如均方误差(MSE)或交叉熵损失函数。
3)初始化乌鸦种群,每只乌鸦代表一个解(即一组权值和阈值),并计算每只乌鸦的适应度值(即目标函数值)。
4)迭代优化过程。搜索阶段:每只乌鸦在搜索空间中寻找新的解;通过调整乌鸦位置和搜索方向,更新乌鸦的解,得到新的权值和阈值。评估阶段:计算每只乌鸦的适应度值,并根据适应度值对乌鸦进行排序。更新阶段:根据乌鸦的适应度值和搜索历史,更新乌鸦的位置和搜索方向,继续优化搜索新的解。终止条件:根据预设的终止条件(如达到最大迭代次数或目标函数收敛),结束优化过程。
5)选择适应度值最优的乌鸦作为最终解,得到神经网络模型最优权值和阈值。
基于边坡岩石力学参数,对构建的CSA-BP神经网络模型进行训练及性能检验。由于岩石的天然重度变化较小,本文仅对黏聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量、泊松比进行参数反演,根据区域地质背景和类似地质条件下的实验研究,将4个因素划分为5个水平,如表1所示。
采用全球卫星导航系统实时监测与定位边坡位移,监测点布置如图5所示。监测点1位于坡顶,主要用于监测坡顶的水平位移和沉降情况,以评估边坡整体稳定性。监测点2设置在中部裂缝发育区域,重点监测裂缝的扩展和剪切位移情况。监测点3位于坡脚,用于监测滑移面处的位移特征,评估潜在滑移风险。
基于正交试验设计方法,待反演的4个参数的正交试验结果如表2所示。从25组数据中选择20组作为训练样本,5组作为测试样本,测试样本编号分别为1、7、13、19、25。随后,将各组参数代入计算模型,布置相应监测点,基于新疆5级地震施加地震力,模拟计算得到各监测点位移值。施加的地震波加速度曲线如图6所示。
CSA-BP神经网络模型反演结果如表3所示。弹性模量反演值与目标值相对误差为8.4%~22.3%,黏聚力反演值与目标值相对误差为3.5%~19.3%,泊松比反演值与目标值相对误差为1.9%~23.2%,内摩擦角反演值与目标值相对误差为0.5%~13.9%,CSA-BP神经网络模型具有较好的反演精度。
为了更好地验证模型反演性能,采用平均绝对误差MAE以及均方根误差RMSE作为模型性能评价指标,计算公式见式(4)和式(5),并与随机梯度下降法(SGD)优化的BP神经网络(SGD-BP)、粒子群算法(PSO)优化的BP神经网络模型(PSO-BP)、粒子群算法优化的极限学习机(ELM)模型(PSO-ELM)对测试样本岩石力学参数反分析结果进行对比,计算结果如表4所示。
式中:EMAE为平均绝对误差;ERMSE为均方根误差;n为样本数量;yi分别为模型训练样本计算值及测试样本反演值。
表4可知,4种优化模型均取得了较好的反演结果,在MAE和RMSE两种指标下,CSA-BP模型对Eμφ三项参数均取得了最小误差值,且多次试算验证了该方法具有良好的稳定性。
根据地质报告资料,采区南侧边坡于2020年7月发生5级地震,本文以震后全球卫星导航系统监测的采区南侧边坡位移为主,以图5中的3个监测点为基础,分别向左右平移20 m各布置3个监测点,如图7所示。监测点布置遵循地形特征、潜在滑移面分布及关键区域的力学响应等原则,确保覆盖整个研究区域,能够准确捕捉震后危岩体边坡的位移变化。将9个监测点位移作为CSA-BP神经网络模型输入值,边坡弹性模量、黏聚力、泊松比、内摩擦角为模型输出值,对研究区域内边坡力学参数进行反演分析。震后边坡监测点位移如表5所示,震后边坡岩石力学参数反演结果如表6所示。
将反演计算的3个断面力学参数取均值,最终得到CSA-BP神经网络模型反演的震后危岩体边坡岩石力学参数,如表7所示。
为了评价震后危岩体在余震动载下的稳定性,采用表7中反演得到的震后危岩体力学参数,基于离散元法进行余震下的边坡稳定性分析。
1)阻尼设为局部阻尼,采用黏滞边界条件下阻尼设置原理,局部阻尼LDD为临界阻尼比。局部阻尼只对加速度运动起阻尼作用,对匀速运动无影响,其值与动力输入波的频率无关,在3DEC模拟计算时一般取0.8。
2)采用人工合成余震地震波[16],其加速度曲线设置为与图6相同的地震等级(5级),峰值加速度为0.072 m/s2,余震主波持续时间为5 s。
以边坡观测面右下角为起点,向左平移50 m为起点设置观测面,观测面位置为(100,0,0)。余震下边坡最大位移云图如图8所示。
图8可知,余震下边坡最大位移量为33.15 mm,位于边坡中上部,边坡下部位移量较小。由边坡各岩层位移量可知,余震下发生位移部位主要位于边坡中上部的凝灰质砂岩内。
为了确定余震对边坡影响程度,预测余震对边坡可能造成的破坏模式和程度,将危岩体边坡位移按照水平位移(xy)和竖直位移(z)进行分析。图9为余震下边坡水平位移云图,图10为余震下边坡竖直位移云图。
图9图10可知,余震下边坡x方向位移最大值25.6 mm,y方向位移最大值2.60 mm,边坡z方向位移最大值5.93 mm。余震下边坡整体水平位移大于竖向位移,可能导致边坡在地震作用下发生水平滑动,增加滑坡风险。为进一步细化余震下边坡的动力响应过程,选取特征点进行边坡位移分析。余震下边坡x方向和z方向的位移变化如图11所示。
图11可知,余震下边坡x方向位移在1 s左右发生陡增,而z方向位移先急剧下降,1 s后趋于稳定;x方向位移随地震加载呈线性增长。
位移响应特征表明,余震作用下边坡中上部凝灰质砂岩层因参数弱化,优先发生水平滑移失稳,验证了CSA-BP模型能通过参数-动力耦合机制精准定位高风险区,可为震后边坡动态稳定性评估及防护设计提供可靠的理论依据。
1)本文提出了一种基于乌鸦算法(CSA)优化的BP神经网络模型(CSA-BP),利用乌鸦算法全局寻优能力优化BP神经网络模型,通过正交试验设计样本进行训练和测试,并采用MAE和RMSE对模型性能进行验证。与SGD-BP、PSO-BP、PSO-ELM模型相比,CSA-BP模型Eμφ三项参数的平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)均最小,具有更好的稳定性。
2)采用CSA-BP模型反演了震后边坡力学参数,得到震后弹性模量为6.503 GPa、黏聚力为0.131 MPa、泊松比为0.253、内摩擦角为32.135°,定量揭示了岩体弱化特征。
3)根据反演的边坡力学参数,结合离散元法,模拟5级余震下边坡稳定性,得出边坡中上部凝灰质砂岩位移显著,x方向位移1 s后线性剧增,远超竖向(z方向)位移,证实水平滑移主导边坡失稳。
4)CSA-BP模型通过参数-动力耦合机制精准定位高风险区,可为震后边坡稳定性评估与防护设计提供理论依据。
  • 中国—中东欧国家高校联合教育项目(2021111)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U1602232; 52374157)
  • 辽宁省重点科技计划项目(2019JH2-10100035)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(N2301005; N2301006)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.006
  • 接收时间:2024-10-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-23
基金
中国—中东欧国家高校联合教育项目(2021111)
国家自然科学基金(U1602232; 52374157)
辽宁省重点科技计划项目(2019JH2-10100035)
中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(N2301005; N2301006)
作者信息
    1.新疆金川矿业有限公司,新疆 伊犁 835000
    2.东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819

通讯作者:

侯钦宽(1995—),男,河南安阳人,博士研究生,主要从事岩体稳定性评价与分析研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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