Article(id=1241321694317572556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729872000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883754567, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883754567, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883754567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883754567, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321691524158287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883753901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884632018, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=197, endPage=204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321694644728274, articleId=1241321694317572556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Research Status and Prospects of Ceramic Additive Manufacturing, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To gain an in-depth understanding of research status of ceramic additive manufacturing, the technical processes of direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, stereolithography and digital light processing, as well as the materials used in those technologies are reviewed based on domestic and international researches on ceramic additive manufacturing. The advantages and disadvantages of those five technologies are summarized, which can provide references for their application scenarios. Finally, the prospect for the development of ceramic additive manufacturing is also discussed.

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为深入了解陶瓷增材制造技术的研究现状,基于国内外学者关于陶瓷增材制造技术的研究成果,针对直写成型技术、熔融沉积成型技术、选择性激光烧结技术、立体光刻成型技术和数字光处理技术的工艺和使用材料进行了综述,并总结了5种陶瓷增材制造技术的优缺点,可为陶瓷增材制造技术应用场景提供参考。最后展望了陶瓷增材制造技术的未来发展方向。

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刘耀(1985—),男,浙江温州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为陶瓷增材制造、粉体成型。E-mail:
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胡子健(1985—),男,江西萍乡人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为增材制造、智能仪器仪表。E-mail:

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陶瓷增材制造技术的研究现状与展望
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胡子健 , 俞风英 , 钟佳妮 , 占丽娜 , 刘耀
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(2): 197-204
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(2): 197-204
陶瓷增材制造技术的研究现状与展望
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胡子健 , 俞风英, 钟佳妮, 占丽娜, 刘耀
作者信息
  • 萍乡学院 机械电子工程学院,江西 萍乡 337000
  • 胡子健(1985—),男,江西萍乡人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向为增材制造、智能仪器仪表。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘耀(1985—),男,浙江温州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为陶瓷增材制造、粉体成型。E-mail:
Research Status and Prospects of Ceramic Additive Manufacturing
Zijian HU , Fengying YU, Jiani ZHONG, Lina ZHAN, Yao LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337000, Jiangxi, China
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.035
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为深入了解陶瓷增材制造技术的研究现状,基于国内外学者关于陶瓷增材制造技术的研究成果,针对直写成型技术、熔融沉积成型技术、选择性激光烧结技术、立体光刻成型技术和数字光处理技术的工艺和使用材料进行了综述,并总结了5种陶瓷增材制造技术的优缺点,可为陶瓷增材制造技术应用场景提供参考。最后展望了陶瓷增材制造技术的未来发展方向。

陶瓷  /  增材制造  /  结构陶瓷  /  技术工艺  /  3D打印  /  陶瓷浆料

To gain an in-depth understanding of research status of ceramic additive manufacturing, the technical processes of direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, stereolithography and digital light processing, as well as the materials used in those technologies are reviewed based on domestic and international researches on ceramic additive manufacturing. The advantages and disadvantages of those five technologies are summarized, which can provide references for their application scenarios. Finally, the prospect for the development of ceramic additive manufacturing is also discussed.

ceramic  /  additive manufacturing  /  structural ceramics  /  technical process  /  3D printing  /  ceramic pulp
胡子健, 俞风英, 钟佳妮, 占丽娜, 刘耀. 陶瓷增材制造技术的研究现状与展望. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 197 -204 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.035
Zijian HU, Fengying YU, Jiani ZHONG, Lina ZHAN, Yao LIU. Research Status and Prospects of Ceramic Additive Manufacturing[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (2) : 197 -204 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.035
先进结构陶瓷作为新材料产业的代表,近年来,发展比较迅速,已经广泛应用于航空航天、军工、化工、医疗等领域。然而,陶瓷具有极高的硬度和脆性,其成型和加工一直是材料成型领域的难点。相较于传统的依赖模具的成型方法,如干压、胶带铸造、滑铸、凝胶铸造,增材制造(additive manufacturing,AM)技术能够制造高精度、复杂致密的陶瓷组件,是制造先进结构陶瓷的关键技术。
陶瓷增材制造技术的发展对推动我国陶瓷制造产业的整体进步和转型升级、提升陶瓷产品性能指标与应用范围具有重要意义。目前,陶瓷增材制造技术领域的专家学者们对陶瓷增材制造技术工艺、性能特点、应用领域以及原料配比等都进行了相关研究,但对于陶瓷增材制造技术的整体发展情况还缺少比较全面的归纳和总结。因此,本文综述了陶瓷增材制造技术的发展现状,介绍了5种常用的陶瓷增材制造技术,列举了国内外部分具有代表性的陶瓷增材制造技术应用成果,在此基础上,归纳了陶瓷增材制造技术的特点,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。
近年来,陶瓷增材制造技术在先进制造领域得到了广泛关注与研究,成为制造复杂陶瓷部件的重要手段。该技术基于三维数字模型,通过逐层积累的方式将陶瓷材料加工成所需的形状。不同于传统的成型技术,陶瓷增材制造技术采用粉末或丝材作为原料,并通过激光、电子束等高能束源实现原位冶金熔化与快速凝固,从而完成零件的逐层堆积成形。随着高精度打印技术的进步,陶瓷增材制造技术在多材料或多功能结构集成制造方面展现了巨大潜力和独特优势。
当前,陶瓷增材制造技术研究主要集中在加工方法、材料体系的开发与优化以及制备过程中遇到的挑战等方面。研究者在改善陶瓷增材制造技术可靠性与稳定性方面做了大量工作,提出了多种解决方案,包括优化激光参数、开发新型陶瓷粉末及复合材料体系等。提高陶瓷材料的力学性能和加工精度,解决材料退火与烧结过程中的难题,也是当前的研究热点。
综上所述,陶瓷增材制造技术正在快速发展,尤其是在高性能陶瓷部件的设计、制造和应用上展现出巨大的前景。然而,该技术仍面临一些挑战,包括材料性能的提升、成形精度的控制以及生产效率的提高等。随着新材料、新技术及新工艺的不断涌现,陶瓷增材制造技术的应用范围将进一步扩展。
直写成型(direct ink writing,DIW)技术于1997年由Cesarano[1]首次提出,其技术原理[2]图1所示。首先,需要制备具有高固相含量的陶瓷浆料。该浆料通过安装在Z轴方向上的喷嘴挤出,喷嘴能够根据计算机控制软件设定的截面轮廓在X轴和Y轴平面上运动,形成一层三维平面。当一层平面形成后,喷嘴将在计算机的控制下沿Z轴上升至预定高度,随后,第二层平面将通过喷嘴按“直写”方式完成。此过程通过逐层堆叠的方式,最终打印出具有三维结构的陶瓷毛坯。
与其他陶瓷增材制造技术相比,DIW技术具有以下优点[3]:①可以使用去离子水作为分散介质,通过加入超细陶瓷粉末,制备出稳定且分散均匀的陶瓷浆料;②操作简单,可以在常温下完成成型;③采用直接挤出的打印方法,无需紫外光或激光辐射,显著降低了打印成本和技术难度。
在结构陶瓷制造方面,文献[4]首次报道了使用DIW技术结合无压力火花等离子体烧结制造具有复杂结构的碳化硼组件。同时,DIW技术即使不采用支撑物(如粉末床、液体桶或印刷支撑)也能打印出具有高纵横比或跨越部件的独立结构,在小型电子元器件、晶格结构元件、催化剂载体、能源器件[5]和组织工程[6-7]等领域具有极大的应用前景。此外,DIW技术能制备有利于细胞和组织生长的多孔点阵结构,在生物陶瓷植入物制造方面具有较为广泛的应用。文献[8]利用DIW技术打印三维多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)结构支架并进行骨生长(见图2),通过模拟人类骨骼的自然微结构构建多尺度孔隙,显示出在骨骼修复和替换领域的巨大应用潜力。
目前,陶瓷材料的DIW技术在实际应用中仍面临挑战,主要集中在如何制备既具备良好稳定性又具有适当流动性的陶瓷浆料,以及如何确保浆料能够平稳顺畅地挤出,避免出现堵塞、流涎或断丝等问题。
熔融沉积成型(fused deposition modeling,FDM)技术首先利用机械设计软件根据打印对象的尺寸和形状构建三维数字模型,然后将该模型导入切片软件并设置相关参数。通过挤出系统将各种热熔性丝状材料(如尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚乳酸等)送入热熔喷头进行加热熔化。喷头根据预设的截面轮廓和填充路径运动,将半熔融状态的材料逐层挤出并沉积在预定位置,随着每一层的叠加和凝固,最终完成三维物体的打印。打印完成后,坯体通过热脱脂和烧结处理,最终获得致密的陶瓷零件。FDM技术打印原理如图3所示:塑料丝在驱动电动机的作用下推送到熔浆室,加热后通过喷嘴挤压放置在打印平台上。图4为FDM技术打印ABS-氧化锆复合材料工艺流程图[9]
FDM技术已广泛应用于生物医疗、军工和汽车等领域,文献[10-11]研究表明,基于FDM技术研究的3D打印细胞传感器已成功应用于细胞密度成像和细胞毒性测试。文献[12]将聚合物/碳纳米材料与FDM技术结合在一起制造电化学传感器。文献[13]通过研究碳纤维和陶瓷颗粒增强的热塑性聚氨酯、尼龙和聚乳酸长丝,探讨了FDM技术打印结构的能量耗散问题。文献[14]研究了碳纳米管热塑性聚氨酯长丝的导电性,并分析了使用FDM将电容和压阻传感器集成到机器人制动器中的应用前景。文献[15]以PA/HAp/ZrO2复合材料为原料制作了一个3D打印模型,发现在基体聚合物中加入碳纳米管可显著改善FDM打印部件的机械属性和功能。文献[16]研究了FDM 3D打印机制造的高陶瓷填充聚酰胺12的机械和物理特性,并将其作为潜在的生物材料应用于颅面植入物中。
FDM技术具有易于控制和加工、操作温度低及操作过程无需监控等优点[17],能有效提高打印效率。然而,FDM技术在实际应用中依然存在以下问题:用于FDM的材料有限、机械性能较低及FDM打印零件的功能性较差等。文献[18]研究了不同喷嘴直径与螺杆转速下挤出流量与料筒温度的关系,指出料筒温度对挤出流量有影响,进而影响成型,影响FDM打印样品的性能。目前,研究人员致力于扩大可用于FDM加工的材料范围,主要的研究对象为复合材料,如陶瓷复合材料和天然纤维增强复合材料[19]。此外,还重点研究了FDM打印用填料改性材料,以期提高FDM打印材料的机械性能[20]
选择性激光烧结(selective laser sintering,SLS)技术是一种以粉末为原料的增材制造技术,由于其材料选择的多样性及其结构设计的灵活性和通用性,该技术已得到广泛应用[21]图5为SLS技术原理图[22],整个系统主要由激光器、振镜扫描系统、加热系统、工作台、粉末缸、铺粉辊等构成。激光烧结成型过程[23]为:首先在工作台上均匀铺设一层热敏粉末(层厚为0.08~0.3 mm),通过辅助加热设备将粉末预热至其熔点以下温度(即黏结剂的软化温度)。随后,激光束在粉末层表面进行选择性烧结[24]。接着,将工作台下降至一定高度,铺粉装置重新铺上一层粉末,激光束开始对新的一层粉末进行扫描烧结。整个过程不断循环,直到完成打印。打印完成后,通过去除未烧结的松散粉末,得到初步的坯件。随后对坯件进行二次烧结或浸渍等后处理,即可获得最终的零件[25]
SLS技术的优势包括:能够制造高强度且性能优越的工件;成型过程中不需要额外设计或构建支撑结构;能够显著缩短零部件的加工时间,降低制造成本,并且对环境影响较小。在SLS工艺中,粉末流动性对扩散质量起着重要作用,流动性越好的粉末扩散性也越好。通常情况下,粒径分布越窄、球形度越高、颗粒越大时,粉末的流动性更好[26]。在双峰分布的颗粒粉末中,较小的颗粒能够填充较大颗粒间的空隙,从而提高粉末床的堆积密度。
目前,研究人员针对SLS技术的原料、原理等做了大量研究。文献[27]通过横向送粉建立了宽波束激光熔覆工艺的激光-粉末相互作用模型,提出使用衰减系数描述激光能量在激光-粉末相互作用区的分布情况;结果表明,衰减系数和粉末温度的分布是不对称的,激光功率对衰减系数没有影响,粉末进给率对宽光束激光熔化粉末的温度分布也没有影响。文献[28]利用激光粉末床打印法制备了具有孔隙结构的高性能3D氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。文献[29]提出了一种新的制备方法,显著提高了选择性激光打印制备的双壳结构多孔多晶的力学性能;该方法采用Mn(Ac)2·4H2O与高锰酸钾的共沉淀反应制备二氧化锰内壳,并利用溶剂蒸发法制备酚醛树脂外壳;与未经过处理的莫来石粉末(未添加二氧化锰)相比,所制备的多孔莫来石陶瓷抗压强度和断裂韧性显著提高1~2个数量级。
SLS技术可以制备传统陶瓷制备工艺无法实现的复杂结构,如晶格、蜂窝、波纹等夹层结构。文献[30]通过SLS技术制备SiCw/SiC复合材料,建立了晶须生长速率与孔隙率的关系模型,为陶瓷基复合材料的3D打印应用提供了理论支持。文献[31]制备了一种具有多层结构的高性能吸波陶瓷气凝胶,该气凝胶由透波层(Si3N4)和吸波层(SiC)交替组成,温度1 000 ℃时,其最小反射损耗为-45 dB,具有优异的吸波性能。
为提高SLS技术打印精度,文献[32]提出了仿真与实验相结合,采用添加支撑和偏置余量的方法对容易翘曲变形的特征尺寸进行修正补偿。对于聚合物而言,只有少数聚合物粉末材料适用于SLS打印,其中价格高昂的PA12最为常见。因此,未来需开发更多适用于SLS打印的廉价聚合物材料。
立体光刻成型(stereo lithography apparatus,SLA)技术原理[33]图6所示,该技术主要依靠特定波长和强度的紫外光作为光源,通过扫描系统控制激光在液槽中扫描。液槽中浆料在激光照射下发生光聚合反应,导致浆料的分子量急剧增加,从液态转变为固态。当一层固化完成后,激光未照射的部分保持液态,工作平台通过升降台下降一个层高,随后刮板涂布并刮平新一层树脂[34-35],然后再进行下一层扫描,新固化的一层树脂牢固地黏在前一层树脂上,如此重复直到整个零件打印完毕。该技术具有精度高、打印速度快、原材料可回收利用、无需支撑结构等优点,与数字光处理技术相比,SLA技术使用的陶瓷浆料固体含量更高,制得的零件尺寸更大且具有良好的表面质量、高致密度和良好的机械性能。
陶瓷材料一直是SLA技术研究的重点,其中针对SiO2、Al2O3、Si3N4等陶瓷材料的SLA技术受到广泛关注。在SLA技术中,所制备的陶瓷悬浮液的分散性、稳定性、流变特性是影响成型的主要因素[36]。文献[37]发现分散剂质量分数5%时,浆料黏度最低,此时固相含量达到最高。文献[38]指出陶瓷浆料中的添加剂会影响陶瓷浆料的流变性。文献[39]发现浆料的流变特性对3D打印成型起关键作用。文献[40]研究了陶瓷成型工艺中影响坯体质量的因素,发现膏料黏度低于1 000 Pa·s时,坯体可以获得较高的成形精度。此外,陶瓷颗粒粒径[41]对打印成型也有很大影响,粒径增大会影响液体中光线散射,增大折射率,降低聚合物的聚合速率,导致成型效率降低。
文献[42]开发了逐层制备陶瓷分层晶体结构的方法,以两种改性的高级掺杂氧化锆陶瓷为原料,仅用56 min就制得22个样品。文献[43]系统评估了SLA技术制备的羟基磷灰石(HAP)部件的固化和界面拉伸强度,探究了分散剂和辐照参数对HAP陶瓷浆料的影响。文献[44]提出适用于SLA技术的陶瓷浆料应具有剪切稀化流变特性,剪切速率30 s-1时,浆料黏度不应超过5 000 mPa·s,以确保重涂平面的平滑。文献[45]研究了固含量70%的Al2O3陶瓷浆料,并通过双刮刀模块实现了高屈服应力浆料的均匀涂层。文献[46]采用SLA技术打印样品,并通过改变激光功率测量固化线宽度和深度,激光功率越大时,固化线的宽度和深度值越大。
此外,一些研究人员采用SLA技术制备医用双相磷酸钙(BCP)生物陶瓷。文献[47]利用SLA技术成功制备了具有优异致密性和力学性能的BCP生物陶瓷,并首次探讨了烧结温度对SLA打印BCP生物陶瓷微观结构及其力学性能的影响。文献[48]采用SLA技术制备了孔隙率15%的BCP生物陶瓷,其抗压强度为4.32 MPa。图7为BCP生物陶瓷生坯和1 250 ℃下烧结的支架。SLA技术对产品设计、参数处理等专业性要求较高,设备、光敏树脂、打印服务价格昂贵,一定程度上限制了SLA技术的发展、应用及推广。
数字光处理(digital light processing,DLP)技术是一种基于离散堆积原理的成型技术,通过紫外光引发光敏树脂的聚合反应,能够实现数字模型的物质重构。该技术能够制造出具有高自由度、优异尺寸精度和表面质量的工件,广泛应用于聚合物、金属、陶瓷以及复合材料的制备[49]。DLP主要工艺步骤为:①将模型切片后的数据转化为连续的投影图像,并传输至数字光处理模块;②配制光敏树脂基陶瓷浆料;③在设定好打印参数的DLP打印设备上进行打印;④从打印平台取出素坯,进行清洗和烘干处理;⑤根据陶瓷浆料的组分和固相含量,采用优化的脱脂和烧结工艺,最终获得成型的陶瓷部件[50]。DLP技术原理如图8所示,系统主要由光学设备、浆料槽、成型平台、刮刀等构成,紫外光照射固化陶瓷浆料,可旋转浆料槽通过刮刀将非自流平陶瓷浆料填充到成型之后的空缺位置。
目前,陶瓷部件的DLP技术仍面临许多挑战,尤其是在如何获得高质量陶瓷浆料方面。文献[51]通过醇水溶剂和正、反向共沉淀法制备了分散性较好的Sc2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2复合陶瓷粉末,研究表明,反向共沉淀法能有效抑制粉末团聚,获得粒径较小、分散均匀的陶瓷浆料。文献[52]从光敏树脂的角度出发,研究单体与铝合金光固化增材制造的关系,总结了单体种类对光固化增材制造5052铝合金浆料稳定性、黏度的影响。
此外,脱胶也是DLP技术所面临的一项重大挑战。在脱胶过程中,形成缺陷的概率极高[53]。脱胶时,温度升高会打断聚合物链,将其分成更小的单元并以气体形式从坯体中逸出。脱胶和烧结工艺的选择对获得无缺陷、结构致密、性能优异的高精度大尺寸陶瓷部件有至关重要的作用。
尽管面临以上挑战,但DLP技术仍是一种极具潜力的陶瓷增材制造技术,可为设计、制造和应用具有高几何复杂性的催化剂结构提供新思路。文献[54]采用渗入沸石颗粒的方法提高机械稳定性,并使用DLP技术打印了具有较好机械稳定性的纯γ-Al2O3催化剂载体。文献[55]使用DLP技术制备了声学谐振器,吸音效果出色。文献[56]详细讨论了增塑剂在ZrO2陶瓷立体光刻增材制造中的作用,并评估了使用DLP技术打印的ZrO2的生物学性能。文献[57]以自主合成的Al2O3-Y2O3复合粉体为原料制备了适用于DLP光固化3D打印成型的光敏陶瓷浆料,通过真空高温烧结获得了高致密YAG透明陶瓷。
基于前述陶瓷增材制造技术的工艺、使用材料和应用场景,5种常用的陶瓷增材制造技术的特点如下。
直写成型技术的优点是制备温度低,可操作性好,可制备多孔点阵结构;缺点是应用领域相对特殊,设备投资与加工成本高。
熔融沉积成型技术的优点是操作温度低,易于控制和加工,操作过程无需监控;缺点是需要设计和制作支撑结构,需对整个截面进行扫描涂覆,成型时间较长。
选择性激光烧结技术的优点是成型过程中无需设计和构造支撑部件,加工时间短,制造成本低;缺点是样件后期处理较难、原型结构疏松、多孔,且有内应力,制作易变形,成型过程可能产生有毒气体及粉尘,污染环境。
立体光刻成型技术的优点是成本低,性能稳定,可制备大尺寸样件;缺点是样件经过脱脂和烧结之后的收缩量较大。
数字光处理技术的优点是可制备高自由度、高尺寸精度的样件;缺点是技术性相对复杂,对设备性能要求较高。
目前,陶瓷增材制造产业仍处于技术研发和小规模试产阶段。相较于传统陶瓷制备技术,陶瓷增材制造技术只是取代了传统陶瓷成型工艺,但在成型后仍需要进行脱脂和烧结以使成品达到设计要求。尽管陶瓷增材制造技术在成型速度、成型幅面、成型精度等方面取得了显著进步,但整体行业发展水平仍难以满足陶瓷增材制造业的实际需求。
目前,陶瓷增材制造技术已成为陶瓷材料界以及增材制造领域备受关注的研究热点,但根据目前的技术发展现状,利用陶瓷增材制造技术制备先进结构陶瓷仍需持续加大研究力度。陶瓷增材制造技术的未来发展方向主要包括以下3个方面。
1)通过采用新型材料和智能数控技术,提高陶瓷零件的精度、性能和生产效率,制备大尺寸复杂异形功能陶瓷。
2)通过TG-FTIR实验优化产品脱脂烧结曲线,以及选用合适的脱脂气氛、升温速率,并添加烧结助剂和晶粒细化剂,以减少表面裂纹、提高陶瓷产品最终烧结后的密度和力学性能。
3)选用合适的分散剂、表面改性剂和增塑剂等添加剂,制备兼具高固含量、良好流变性能、稳定的陶瓷浆料。
研发制备功能陶瓷的浆料与创新陶瓷材料结构将是陶瓷增材制造技术未来的研究热点。随着科技的发展,陶瓷增材制造技术将来具有更广阔的应用前景。
  • 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2202117)
  • 江西省高等学校教学改革研究省级项目(JXJG-22-22-11)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.035
  • 接收时间:2024-10-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-26
基金
江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2202117)
江西省高等学校教学改革研究省级项目(JXJG-22-22-11)
作者信息
    萍乡学院 机械电子工程学院,江西 萍乡 337000

通讯作者:

刘耀(1985—),男,浙江温州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为陶瓷增材制造、粉体成型。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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