Article(id=1241321694015582665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727107200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883754495, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883754495, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883754495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883754495, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321691524158287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883753901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884632018, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=157, endPage=161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321694300795339, articleId=1241321694015582665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Thermal Simulation Analysis and Optimal Design of Battery Pack Structure, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The thermal dissipation performance of a battery pack was optimized by thermal simulation, aiming to enhance safety and service life of batteries. A thermal simulation model of the battery pack was established with ANSYS software, and temperature distribution was analyzed for the battery discharged at 1C rate. It is found that the simulation results deviate from actual measurements by less than 0.5 ℃, confirming the high accuracy of the model. Two optimized thermal dissemination schemes were proposed, including I-shaped heatsink and thermally conductive adhesive filling. Study shows that both schemes can effectively improve the thermal dissipation performance, leading to the maximum temperature of cells reduced by 6.0 ℃ and 5.9 ℃, respectively. The scheme of I-shaped heatsink can not only reduce cell temperatures but also significantly reduce temperature differences, resulting in better thermal uniformity.

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通过热仿真技术对某款电池包进行散热性能优化研究,旨在提升电池安全性与使用寿命。利用ANSYS软件构建电池包热仿真模型,并在1C倍率放电条件下开展温度分布分析。结果表明,仿真结果与实际测量数据误差在0.5 ℃以内,仿真模型具有较高的准确性。提出了工字形散热板和导热胶填充两种散热优化方案,结果表明,两种方案均能有效提升电池包的散热性能,电芯最高温度分别下降6.0 ℃和5.9 ℃;工字形散热板方案在降低电芯温度的同时显著减小温差,提升了温度均匀性。

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郭华军(1972—),男,湖南新宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事锂电池材料研究与开发。E-mail:
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刘俊(1986—),男,湖南浏阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事电池及储能系统设计与仿真研究。E-mail:

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刘俊(1986—),男,湖南浏阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事电池及储能系统设计与仿真研究。E-mail:

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Zhengzhou: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, 2023., articleTitle=Research and optimization of thermal management system for new energy vehicle batteries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327691576700971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=胡翀, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡翀. 质子交换膜燃料电池多物理场耦合仿真研究与流场结构优化设计[D]. 镇江: 江苏科技大学, 2023., articleTitle=质子交换膜燃料电池多物理场耦合仿真研究与流场结构优化设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327691677364276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=HU Chong, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Chong. Multi-physics field coupling simulation study and flow field structure optimization design of proton exchange membrane fuel cells[D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2023., articleTitle=Multi-physics field coupling simulation study and flow field structure optimization design of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241327684861621032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, awardId=51974370, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51974370), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241327674577186921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674589769836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, companyId=1241327674577186921, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674661073008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, companyId=1241327674577186921, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中南大学 冶金与环境学院,湖南 长沙 410083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241327674795290751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674812067965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, companyId=1241327674795290751, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Guangdong Greenway Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523000, Guangdong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327674824650880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, companyId=1241327674795290751, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东博力威科技股份有限公司,广东 东莞 523000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241327680570847824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Battery pack geometry, figureFileSmall=HIe9A2cPoMohSbeyc864WA==, figureFileBig=GQELTQAET4WrlmLxj+oz0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327681996911192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, language=CN, label=图1, caption=电池包几何结构

(a)电池包外形结构;(b)电池包模组结构

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(a)温度采样电芯分布;(b)采样点布局;(c)实验与仿真温升对比图

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(a)电芯整体温度分布云图;(b)下层电芯XY截面温度分布云图;(c)上层电芯XY截面温度分布云图

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(a)电芯整体温度分布云图;(b)下层电芯XY截面温度分布云图;(c)上层电芯XY截面温度分布云图;(d)YZ截面温度分布云图

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(a)电芯整体温度分布云图;(b)下层电芯XY截面温度分布云图;(c)上层电芯XY截面温度分布云图

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Material properties of battery pack

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称导热系数/(W·m-1·K-1导电率/(S·m-1比热容/(J·kg-1·K-1密度/(kg·m-3
电芯(21700)0.99/13.30/25.801282.002 829.00
纯镍90.521.50×107443.008 900.00
塑胶0.241600.001 220.00
散热铝片237.00903.002 702.00
导热胶0.461006.431 200.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241327684639322904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321694015582665, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电池包使用的主要材料属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称导热系数/(W·m-1·K-1导电率/(S·m-1比热容/(J·kg-1·K-1密度/(kg·m-3
电芯(21700)0.99/13.30/25.801282.002 829.00
纯镍90.521.50×107443.008 900.00
塑胶0.241600.001 220.00
散热铝片237.00903.002 702.00
导热胶0.461006.431 200.00
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电池包结构热仿真分析与优化设计
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刘俊 1, 2 , 郭华军 1 , 徐露露 2 , 徐宁 1, 2 , 颜果春 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(2): 157-161
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(2): 157-161
电池包结构热仿真分析与优化设计
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刘俊1, 2 , 郭华军1 , 徐露露2, 徐宁1, 2, 颜果春1
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学 冶金与环境学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 2.广东博力威科技股份有限公司,广东 东莞 523000
  • 刘俊(1986—),男,湖南浏阳人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事电池及储能系统设计与仿真研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

郭华军(1972—),男,湖南新宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事锂电池材料研究与开发。E-mail:
Thermal Simulation Analysis and Optimal Design of Battery Pack Structure
Jun LIU1, 2 , Huajun GUO1 , Lulu XU2, Ning XU1, 2, Guochun YAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 2.Guangdong Greenway Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523000, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.028
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通过热仿真技术对某款电池包进行散热性能优化研究,旨在提升电池安全性与使用寿命。利用ANSYS软件构建电池包热仿真模型,并在1C倍率放电条件下开展温度分布分析。结果表明,仿真结果与实际测量数据误差在0.5 ℃以内,仿真模型具有较高的准确性。提出了工字形散热板和导热胶填充两种散热优化方案,结果表明,两种方案均能有效提升电池包的散热性能,电芯最高温度分别下降6.0 ℃和5.9 ℃;工字形散热板方案在降低电芯温度的同时显著减小温差,提升了温度均匀性。

锂电池  /  电池包  /  电芯  /  热仿真  /  散热  /  电芯温度  /  电芯温差  /  21700圆柱电池  /  电池热管理

The thermal dissipation performance of a battery pack was optimized by thermal simulation, aiming to enhance safety and service life of batteries. A thermal simulation model of the battery pack was established with ANSYS software, and temperature distribution was analyzed for the battery discharged at 1C rate. It is found that the simulation results deviate from actual measurements by less than 0.5 ℃, confirming the high accuracy of the model. Two optimized thermal dissemination schemes were proposed, including I-shaped heatsink and thermally conductive adhesive filling. Study shows that both schemes can effectively improve the thermal dissipation performance, leading to the maximum temperature of cells reduced by 6.0 ℃ and 5.9 ℃, respectively. The scheme of I-shaped heatsink can not only reduce cell temperatures but also significantly reduce temperature differences, resulting in better thermal uniformity.

lithium battery  /  battery pack  /  battery cell  /  thermal simulation  /  heat dissipation  /  cell temperature  /  cell temperature difference  /  21700 battery  /  thermal management of battery
刘俊, 郭华军, 徐露露, 徐宁, 颜果春. 电池包结构热仿真分析与优化设计. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 157 -161 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.028
Jun LIU, Huajun GUO, Lulu XU, Ning XU, Guochun YAN. Thermal Simulation Analysis and Optimal Design of Battery Pack Structure[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (2) : 157 -161 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.028
随着“碳达峰”和“碳中和”战略目标的提出,推动汽车节能技术发展、减少交通能源对石化能源的依赖并降低空气污染,已成为重要研究方向之一[1]。新能源汽车在能量转换效率和碳排放方面相较传统燃油汽车具有显著优势[2],因此,新能源汽车替代燃油车的趋势已不可逆转[3]。锂离子电池凭借其较高的能量密度,广泛应用于新能源汽车动力系统[4]。然而,锂离子电池的热安全问题较为突出,提升其散热性能、确保其安全性并延长使用寿命,已成为当前科研工作的重点[5]。热仿真技术在电动汽车热管理方面具有重要作用,如整车级、系统级及电芯级的热管理优化,涉及不同散热方式与电池产热模型的复杂分析。尤其是在电芯级别的热管理中,必须综合考虑电池内部的热传导、放热和热失控等关键因素[6]。电池模型算法如基于物理原理的热传导模型和经验公式模型等,被广泛用于描述电池的热特性[7]。通过热仿真能够模拟电芯在充放电过程中的温度分布[8],有效预测潜在的热失控风险,为电池系统的安全设计提供科学依据[9],这有助于优化电池的散热结构,提高其循环寿命和安全性,从而增强整车系统的可靠性和安全性[10]。
电池热仿真技术[11-15]通过构建电池的热传导模型,并采用有限元等数值计算方法,已广泛应用于模拟电池充放电过程中的传热规律[16]。随着计算技术的持续进步,特别是其在多物理场耦合仿真和多尺度建模方面的发展,为电池的热分析提供了更加全面的理论支持[17]。本文基于某款电池包,借助ANSYS软件进行了热仿真分析,评估了电池包内间距和散热装置对散热性能的影响。
电池包由电芯、镍片、外壳和电池管理系统(BMS)板组成,电池包在设计时不仅要满足功率和容量等性能指标,还需满足电芯使用安全指标。本文选用某21700型号电芯,电芯容量5.00 Ah,标准电压为3.63 V,最高电压4.30 V,截止电压2.50 V。电池包使用的主要材料物性参数如表1所示。
电池包由130颗21700圆柱电池采用串并联方式组成,其中串联电芯数量为13,并联电芯数量为10。初始设计中电芯分为上、下两层,电池包结构如图1所示,上、下两层通过导线连接。电芯通过支架固定,并与多块镍片通过电焊连接形成导电网络,隔离板布置在镍片上方起绝缘作用。
本次仿真中利用ANSYS软件构建锂离子电池包的热仿真模型,电池包总单元数为29 622 391,所建立的网格模型如图2所示。在仿真过程中设置电池以恒定的1C倍率进行放电。在模拟过程中,电池的内阻及电压随温度和荷电状态(SOC)的变化而动态调整。此次仿真忽略了电芯内部反应热的影响,以简化模型的计算复杂度。
通过电池包设计图纸制作电池包样品,如图3(a)所示。在电池包中选取电芯1和电芯2布置NTC采样点(如图3(b)所示),NTC采用热电偶温度传感器利用塞贝克效应直接测量电芯温度,并通过数据采集仪放大和转换热电偶的输出信号。实验初始温度为32 ℃,进行1C放电,因实际设计中BMS策略控制,1 600 s后电池包电流随BMS温度超限而变化,所以只对比前1 600 s内两颗电芯温升变化。实验中测得电芯1和电芯2温度分别为44.0 ℃和44.1 ℃。使用ANSYS软件建立的电池包热仿真模型模拟1C放电1 600 s,仿真结果如图3(c)所示,电芯1和电芯2温度分别为43.9 ℃和44.3 ℃。可知电芯1和电芯2仿真模拟结果与实验测量值误差在0.5 ℃以内,因此本案例中建立的电池包热仿真模型与实际实验结果具有较好的一致性。
该款21700型号电芯工作温度范围为-20~60 ℃,因此在实际使用过程中,需要确保电芯的最高温度不超过这一上限。如图4所示,在初始温度32 ℃条件下,进行1C放电时,电池放电3 600 s后,电芯温度分布云图呈现出以下特点:中心区域温度较高,周边区域温度较低。图4(b)图4(c)则显示,上层电芯的温度高于下层电芯的温度;其中电芯的最低温度为55.9 ℃,位于上层电芯的外沿;电芯的平均温度为58.1 ℃;电池包内温差为3.6 ℃,温度分布较均匀。
由初始仿真结果可知,初始温度32 ℃时,电芯最终时刻最高温度59.5 ℃,电池包处于夏季高温环境下,电芯温度可能超过使用上限温度60 ℃,存在较大风险,为拓展电池包使用范围,需要优化散热。考虑增加散热加强板和在电池内部增加导热胶对电池进行优化。
在两层电芯连接处加入工字形隔离板,延伸散热铝板至电池外壳(散热板优化设计,优化方案1),如图5所示。
图6展示了优化方案1在1C倍率下电芯温度分布云图。与初始工况温度分布对比可知,上层电芯温度显著降低,外圈温度低于下层电芯温度,工字形散热板有利于将电芯产生的热量向外导出,外壳温度上升。电池包内电芯最高温度为53.5 ℃,最低温度为50.8 ℃,电芯平均温度为52.8 ℃,温差为2.7 ℃,可知工字形散热板具有较好的均衡温差,且有效降低电芯温度。
在电池包内部填充导热胶能够降低电池温升,因此在BMS以下填充导热胶(填充区域如图7粗线框区域所示),形成优化方案2。图8为优化方案2在1C倍率下放电3 600 s后的电芯温度分布云图。如图8可知,电芯温度大幅度降低,其中最高电芯温度53.6 ℃,最低温度为47.4 ℃。与初始方案温度分布云图对比可知,下层电芯温度显著降低,电芯通过空间内填充的导热胶将热量传递至外壳,空间温度上升。
对2种优化方案的模型以及原始模型的温度进行分析,如图9所示。在1C倍率下放电,相比初始工况,优化方案1和2的电芯最高温度分别下降6.0 ℃和5.9 ℃,电芯平均温度分别下降5.3 ℃和7.3 ℃。优化方案1温差为2.7 ℃,优化方案2温差为6.2 ℃。方案2平均温度下降更多,但方案1温差更小、均温性更好。电池寿命与温差密切相关,推荐使用优化方案1。
1)数值模拟结果与实验数据较好吻合,验证了本文热仿真分析方法的合理性;该模型可用于指导电池包前期设计,减少工程制造成本。
2)该电池包采用工字形散热板方案和灌胶方案都能够降低电芯最高温度,但工字形散热板优化方案能够降低电芯温差,因电池寿命与温差相关,从电池包使用寿命出发,推荐使用工字形散热板优化方案。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51974370)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.028
  • 接收时间:2024-09-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-01
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24
基金
国家自然科学基金(51974370)
作者信息
    1.中南大学 冶金与环境学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.广东博力威科技股份有限公司,广东 东莞 523000

通讯作者:

郭华军(1972—),男,湖南新宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事锂电池材料研究与开发。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.028
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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