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Article(id=1241321693570978672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.027, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730217600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883754389, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883754389, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883754389, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883754389, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321691524158287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883753901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884632018, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=152, endPage=156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321693982020473, articleId=1241321693570978672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Multiferroic Properties of Ba-Ti Co-doped BiFeO3 Ceramics, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation. The effects of calcination temperature and time on crystal structure, morphology and grain size of products were investigated. Ions of Ba and Ti were doped to modify the properties of BiFeO3 ceramics for improving ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. It is found that compared to the products before doping, the products with Ba doping at an amount of 30% in mass fraction can have the saturation magnetization enhanced from 4.69 emu/g to 4.93 emu/g; while the products with Ti doping at 10% in mass fraction can have the remnant magnetization enhanced from 0.047 emu/g to 0.164 emu/g. The co-doped ceramic samples combine the effects of A-site and B-site doping and exhibit enhanced multiferroic properties.

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采用化学共沉淀法合成了具有多铁性的铁酸铋（BiFeO3）陶瓷，研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间等主要参数对铁酸铋陶瓷晶体结构、形貌以及晶粒尺寸的影响。引入Ba、Ti等离子对BiFeO3陶瓷进行掺杂改性，提高其铁电和铁磁性能。结果表明：相较于未掺杂样品，Ba掺杂量（质量分数）30%时，饱和磁化强度从4.69 emu/g提升至4.93 emu/g；Ti掺杂量10%时，剩余磁化强度从0.047 emu/g增加到0.164 emu/g。共掺杂陶瓷样品综合了A位掺杂和B位掺杂的效果，表现出优良的多铁性能。

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许向阳（1971—），男，湖南平江人，博士，副研究员，主要从事超硬材料、矿物材料和复合材料研究。E-mail：
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雷鹏涛（1999—），男，甘肃宁县人，主要研究方向为先进功能陶瓷、燃料电池。E-mail：

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雷鹏涛（1999—），男，甘肃宁县人，主要研究方向为先进功能陶瓷、燃料电池。E-mail：

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雷鹏涛（1999—），男，甘肃宁县人，主要研究方向为先进功能陶瓷、燃料电池。E-mail：

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remark=4.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司，湖南　郴州　423000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241327687151711076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693570978672, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=XRD patterns of BiFeO3 powders obtained at different calcination temperatures, figureFileSmall=5AdhpvtSBUPIztNhQ3ZYmg==, figureFileBig=ETADjVhV/p0szuQGLp0giQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327687306900335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693570978672, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同煅烧温度下所得铁酸铋粉体的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=5AdhpvtSBUPIztNhQ3ZYmg==, figureFileBig=ETADjVhV/p0szuQGLp0giQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327687504032639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693570978672, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=FTIR spectra of BiFeO3 powders obtained at different calcination temperatures, figureFileSmall=CCXGBypZqN7frslMG2KUhw==, figureFileBig=IYyVQEJt9/qOjl/hO0SKaQ==, 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（a）500 ℃；（b）550 ℃；（c）600 ℃；（d）650 ℃；（e）700 ℃

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（a）1 h；（b）2 h；（c）3 h；（d）4 h

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（a）BiFeO3；（b）Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO3；（c）BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3；（d）Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O3

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（a）电滞回线；（b）磁滞回线

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Parameters for ferroelectric hysteresis loop and magnetic hysteresis loop of samples before and after doping

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称剩余极化强度/（μC·cm-2）饱和磁化强度/（emu·g-1）剩余磁化强度/（emu·g-1）
BiFeO341.714.690.047
Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO310.114.931.649
BiFe0.9Ti0.1O32.142.220.164
Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O35.934.041.573
), ArticleFig(id=1241327689596989443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693570978672, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

掺杂样品与未掺杂样品的电滞回线和磁滞回线参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称剩余极化强度/（μC·cm-2）饱和磁化强度/（emu·g-1）剩余磁化强度/（emu·g-1）
BiFeO341.714.690.047
Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO310.114.931.649
BiFe0.9Ti0.1O32.142.220.164
Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O35.934.041.573
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Ba-Ti共掺杂铁酸铋陶瓷的多铁性能研究
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雷鹏涛 1 , 周炜 1 , 杨济源 2 , 陈冬生 1 , 黄晨雨 1 , 许向阳 1, 3 , 金胜明 1, 3 , 崔静涛 4
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(2): 152-156
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(2): 152-156
Ba-Ti共掺杂铁酸铋陶瓷的多铁性能研究
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雷鹏涛1 , 周炜1, 杨济源2, 陈冬生1, 黄晨雨1, 许向阳1, 3 , 金胜明1, 3, 崔静涛4
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学　资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
  • 2.新加坡国立大学　材料科学与工程学院，新加坡　117571
  • 3.矿物材料及其应用湖南省重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410083
  • 4.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司，湖南　郴州　423000

    • 雷鹏涛（1999—），男，甘肃宁县人，主要研究方向为先进功能陶瓷、燃料电池。E-mail：

通讯作者:

许向阳（1971—），男，湖南平江人，博士，副研究员，主要从事超硬材料、矿物材料和复合材料研究。E-mail：
Multiferroic Properties of Ba-Ti Co-doped BiFeO3 Ceramics
Pengtao LEI1 , Wei ZHOU1, Jiyuan YANG2, Dongsheng CHEN1, Chenyu HUANG1, Xiangyang XU1, 3 , Shengming JIN1, 3, Jingtao CUI4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 2.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117571, Singapore
  • 3.Hunan Key Laboratory of Mineral Materials and Applications, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 4.Hunan Shizhuyuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.027
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摘要
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采用化学共沉淀法合成了具有多铁性的铁酸铋（BiFeO3）陶瓷，研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间等主要参数对铁酸铋陶瓷晶体结构、形貌以及晶粒尺寸的影响。引入Ba、Ti等离子对BiFeO3陶瓷进行掺杂改性，提高其铁电和铁磁性能。结果表明：相较于未掺杂样品，Ba掺杂量（质量分数）30%时，饱和磁化强度从4.69 emu/g提升至4.93 emu/g；Ti掺杂量10%时，剩余磁化强度从0.047 emu/g增加到0.164 emu/g。共掺杂陶瓷样品综合了A位掺杂和B位掺杂的效果，表现出优良的多铁性能。

多铁性材料  /  铁酸铋  /  化学共沉淀法  /  铁磁性  /  反铁磁性  /  掺杂改性  /  多铁陶瓷  /  铁电性

Multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation. The effects of calcination temperature and time on crystal structure, morphology and grain size of products were investigated. Ions of Ba and Ti were doped to modify the properties of BiFeO3 ceramics for improving ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. It is found that compared to the products before doping, the products with Ba doping at an amount of 30% in mass fraction can have the saturation magnetization enhanced from 4.69 emu/g to 4.93 emu/g; while the products with Ti doping at 10% in mass fraction can have the remnant magnetization enhanced from 0.047 emu/g to 0.164 emu/g. The co-doped ceramic samples combine the effects of A-site and B-site doping and exhibit enhanced multiferroic properties.

multiferroic materials  /  BiFeO3  /  chemical co-precipitation  /  ferromagnetism  /  antiferromagnetism  /  modification by doping  /  multiferroic ceramics  /  ferroelectricity
雷鹏涛, 周炜, 杨济源, 陈冬生, 黄晨雨, 许向阳, 金胜明, 崔静涛. Ba-Ti共掺杂铁酸铋陶瓷的多铁性能研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 152 -156 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.027
Pengtao LEI, Wei ZHOU, Jiyuan YANG, Dongsheng CHEN, Chenyu HUANG, Xiangyang XU, Shengming JIN, Jingtao CUI. Multiferroic Properties of Ba-Ti Co-doped BiFeO3 Ceramics[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (2) : 152 -156 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.027
正文
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多铁性材料同时具有铁磁性或反铁磁性、铁电性和铁弹性，在光伏、光学和电子学等领域有着广泛应用前景[1-2]。铁酸铋（BiFeO3）是在室温下兼具铁电性和反铁磁性的材料[3-6]。铁酸铋晶体中，铁离子磁矩呈反平行排列，形成反铁磁性；同时，铋、铁离子的位移导致电荷中心不重合，诱导晶体的铁电极化。在铁酸铋中，铁电性和铁磁性共存于一体，可利用其磁电耦合效应制备传感器、调制器、自旋电子学器件、多铁性存储器等器件[7-10]。本文利用化学共沉淀法合成了单相BiFeO3，并研究了A、B位掺杂及共掺杂对其铁磁性能的影响。
1　实验
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1.1　实验原料
主要试剂包括五水硝酸铋[Bi（NO3）3·5H2O，99%]、九水硝酸铁[Fe（NO3）3·9H2O，99%]、二氧化钛（TiO2，99%）、碳酸钡（BaCO3，99%）、无水乙醇（C2H5OH，99%）、氢氧化钠（NaOH，96%）等。实验用水为去离子水。
1.2　样品制备
1.2.1　单相铁酸铋制备
称取5 mmol Bi（NO3）3·5H2O和Fe（NO3）3·9H2O，溶于50 mL去离子水中超声分散得到前驱体溶液；往该前驱体溶液中缓慢滴加NaOH溶液，调节pH值至10～11，搅拌、离心、洗涤、干燥；干燥后的前驱体粉体经一定温度、一定时间煅烧后随炉冷却，研磨得到单相铁酸铋粉体。
1.2.2　铁酸铋掺杂陶瓷制备
根据化学计量比精确称量Bi（NO3）3·5H2O、Fe（NO3）3·9H2O、BaCO3和TiO2，置于烧杯中，超声水解得到前驱体溶液。采用与单相铁酸铋相同的合成工艺参数得到前驱体粉体。将该粉体程序升温（升温速度5 ℃/min）至650 ℃，煅烧3 h，随炉冷却后研磨得到铁酸铋陶瓷粉体，压片后在850 ℃（升温速度10 ℃/min）下烧结1 h，随炉冷却得到陶瓷样品。
1.3　材料表征
采用X射线衍射仪（XRD，TD-3500）检测样品物相组成。采用扫描电镜（SEM，KYKY-EM6200）、傅里叶红外吸收光谱（FTIR，Nicolet iS50）表征样品微观形貌。通过振动样品磁强计（VSM，VSM-220）和铁电分析仪（TF Analyzer 2000E）测量陶瓷铁电性能。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　煅烧温度对铁酸铋粉体性能的影响
图1为500～700 ℃下煅烧2 h所得粉体的XRD图谱。各煅烧温度下均可制得六方晶系铁酸铋[PDF#97-005-1664，空间群为R3c（161）]。随着煅烧温度升高，结晶有序性提高。500 ℃煅烧所得粉体较纯，除未反应的Bi2O3外，没有杂相，但结晶度较低。550～700 ℃煅烧所得粉体中除主相BiFeO3外，还含有少量Bi2Fe4O9和Bi25FeO40等杂相。550～650 ℃煅烧时出现的这两种杂相可能是物相转变不完全所致。700 ℃煅烧时出现杂相（Bi2Fe4O9）的原因可能是高温导致Bi离子部分挥发。
图2为500～700 ℃下煅烧2 h所得粉体的FTIR图谱。由于烘干温度低、洗涤不彻底，未煅烧粉体在3 384和1 635 cm-1处分别出现O—H伸缩振动和吸附水H—O—H面内弯曲振动，在1 325 cm-1处出现硝酸根离子残余的对称伸缩振动。500～700 ℃煅烧样品在430～530 cm-1处的吸收峰可归因于铁酸铋中FeO6八面体Fe—O和O—Fe—O特征振动。与XRD分析结果一致，550和700 ℃煅烧样品在811 cm-1处出现了Bi2Fe4O9中FeO4四面体的Fe—O吸收峰。
图3为500～700 ℃下煅烧2 h所得粉体的SEM图像。随着煅烧温度升高，晶粒生长速度加快，晶粒粒径增大。500～600 ℃煅烧所得BiFeO3粉体粒径较小。650～700 ℃煅烧所得粉体颗粒大小适宜，其中650 ℃煅烧所得粉体粒径大小更均匀，700 ℃煅烧所得粉体颗粒粒径均一性欠佳。
综合粉体物相和形貌，合成单相铁酸铋粉体适宜的煅烧温度为650 ℃。
2.2　煅烧时间对铁酸铋粉体的影响
图4为煅烧温度650 ℃下不同煅烧时间所得铁酸铋粉体的XRD图谱。由图4可知，650 ℃下煅烧1～4 h所得粉体均为六方晶系铁酸铋。煅烧1 h，反应不充分，存在少量Bi2O3，铁酸铋结晶度较低；煅烧2 h所得粉体中尚存在杂相Bi25FeO40；煅烧3～4 h，Bi25FeO40衍射峰消失，铁酸铋结晶度进一步提高。
650 ℃下不同煅烧时间所得铁酸铋粉体的FTIR图谱如图5所示。各谱线上430～530 cm-1处均出现BiFeO3中FeO6八面体的特征吸收峰，说明均有钙钛矿结构的BiFeO3生成；煅烧1 h粉体在804 cm-1处出现FeO4四面体的吸收峰，表明该粉体中含有Bi2Fe4O9杂相。
图6为650 ℃下不同煅烧时间所得铁酸铋粉体的SEM图像。煅烧1 h，样品呈粉状，颗粒细小，可能由于保温时间过短，反应不完全，残留Bi2Fe4O9相，晶粒生长不充分；煅烧2～4 h，晶粒显著增大，粒径1～10 μm，颗粒大小较均匀。
综合物相和形貌，650 ℃下煅烧合成单相铁酸铋的时间可以选择3 h或4 h。
2.3　掺杂铁酸铋陶瓷的结构和形貌
图7为不同Ba、Ti掺杂以及Ba-Ti共掺杂铁酸铋陶瓷的XRD图谱。对于Ba掺杂样品（Bi1-xBaxFeO3），随着掺杂量（质量分数）增加，结晶度逐渐降低，这是由于Ba掺杂引入了缺陷，抑制了晶粒生长，同时促进晶界数量增加，导致铁酸铋结晶度逐渐降低。高温下铁酸铋不稳定，煅烧时易产生杂质。在未掺杂和Ba掺杂量10%的样品中观察到Bi2Fe4O9和Bi25FeO40杂相，但在Ba掺杂量20%的样品中没有观察到杂相。陶瓷中杂相峰峰强随着Ba掺杂量增加而减小，说明Ba掺杂能抑制杂相生成。随着Ba掺杂量增加，2θ=31.8°和32.1°所对应的（104）、（110）晶面衍射峰逐渐融合，且峰的位置逐渐向左偏移至2θ=31.5°处，这是由于Ba2+半径（0.135 nm）较Bi3+半径（0.117 nm）大，Ba2+部分取代Bi3+后，使得晶面间距增大。
Ti掺杂陶瓷样品均出现了铁酸铋的衍射峰，杂相峰主要为Bi2Fe4O9和Bi25FeO40的峰。铁酸铋在447～767 ℃范围内降温时会分解成Bi2Fe4O9和Bi25FeO40，这是产生这两种杂相的主要原因。随着Ti掺杂量增加，铁酸铋最强峰强呈现先增大后减小的趋势，而杂相峰强则先减小后增大。Ti掺杂量10%样品BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3中杂相峰很弱，表明该陶瓷样品结晶度好、纯度高。出现上述变化，可能的机理为：Ti掺杂量较少时，Ti4+部分替代Bi或Fe离子进入晶格。由于Ti4+半径较小，与BiFeO3晶格匹配，Ti掺杂可促进晶体生长和有序排列，提高晶体结晶度。而当Ti4+掺杂量过多时，Ti4+离子间的相互作用增强，抑制了晶体生长速率，且引入额外的缺陷或畸变，导致晶体结构失序，结晶度下降。随着Ti掺杂量增加，2θ=31.8°和32.1°处的（104）、（110）晶面衍射峰逐渐融合。
Ba-Ti共掺杂Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O3陶瓷的物相为立方Bi0.8Ba0.2FeO3与六方BaTiO3的混合相。从峰强变化来看，共掺杂样品峰强明显低于Ti掺杂样品，高于Ba掺杂样品。Ba掺杂会降低样品结晶度，而Ti掺杂会增强样品结晶度，共掺杂样品的结构是这两种趋势综合的结果。
图8为纯相铁酸铋、Ba掺杂量30%、Ti掺杂10%以及Ba-Ti共掺杂铁酸铋陶瓷断面的SEM图像。未掺杂陶瓷样品晶粒呈现残缺的四方体形，晶界清晰，晶粒大，粒径主要分布在1～7 μm，平均粒径3.74 μm。晶粒残缺可能是温度过高、烧结过程中液相生成过多所致。Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O3陶瓷样品断面未发现规则清晰的块状晶体，均为细小晶粒。这可能是Ba掺入铁酸铋引起晶格扩张，增加了晶粒内的应变能，导致晶粒生长过程中需要克服更多的能量，从而形成了较小的晶粒。BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3铁酸铋陶瓷中，晶粒尺寸小（2.21 μm），粒径均一性好。晶粒尺寸减小可能是Ti4+半径小于Fe3+半径，当Ti4+取代铁酸铋晶格中的Fe3+时，晶格会收缩以适应较小的离子尺寸，从而导致铁酸铋晶粒尺寸减小。Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O3陶瓷晶体颗粒形状多样，包含六边形块状和四方柱状，晶界清晰，平均粒径1.86 μm，小于Ti掺杂陶瓷样品颗粒平均粒径，明显大于Ba掺杂陶瓷样品颗粒平均粒径。
2.4　掺杂铁酸铋陶瓷的铁磁和铁电性能
依据相关研究文献[11]及上述XRD分析结果，元素掺杂能够有效抑制杂相生成、减小晶粒尺寸，利用小尺寸的晶粒有助于破坏波长62 nm的空间螺旋自锁结构，提高材料铁磁性能。基于上述原因，选择Ba掺杂量30%样品（Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO3）、Ti掺杂量10%样品（BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3）、共掺杂样品（Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O3）与未掺杂样品进行铁磁和铁电性能对比。相关铁磁性能测试数据见表1，电滞回线和磁滞回线如图9所示。
与未掺杂样品对比，Ba掺杂样品铁磁性能有较大提升。一方面，Ba2+掺杂到铁酸铋晶体中时，会改变Fe3+的氧化态和电子结构，增加Fe3+自旋极化强度，从而增强其磁性；另一方面，Ba2+掺杂导致晶粒细化，可能破坏了铁酸铋的螺旋磁结构，释放了潜在的磁性[12]。
与未掺杂样品相比，Ti掺杂可引入额外的离子极化和晶格畸变，这可能是因为Ti4+半径较小，引起了铁酸铋晶格畸变和应力集中，增加了陶瓷的磁畴壁能量和磁矩的固定性，从而增加了剩余磁化强度；畴壁能量和磁矩固定性的增强也意味着畴壁的移动和磁矩的旋转更加艰难，导致饱和磁化强度降低。
掺杂样品剩余极化强度均较未掺杂样品显著降低，其中，共掺杂样品（Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O3）剩余极化强度介于Ba、Ti单独掺杂样品之间。
共掺杂样品（Bi0.7Ba0.3Fe0.9Ti0.1O3）饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度介于Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO3和BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3之间，饱和磁化强度及剩余磁化强度相较于Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO3有所降低，这可能是Ba2+、Ti4+与Fe3+尺寸不匹配导致晶格畸变和应力集中，阻碍了磁畴壁移动和磁矩旋转。Ti4+的掺入带来额外的正电荷，限制了铁酸铋中的电子重新排列，导致磁矩旋转受阻，矫顽力显著增加。
3　结论
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1）以铁盐和铋盐为原料，采用化学共沉淀法制备单相铁酸铋粉体，在实验范围内，随着煅烧温度升高，粉体结晶度和晶体颗粒逐渐增大，晶体结构均为六方晶系。650 ℃下煅烧3 h所得粉体物相纯度高、颗粒均一性好。
2）制备的Ba和Ti单独掺杂陶瓷Bi0.7Ba0.3FeO3和BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3剩余磁化强度（1.649和0.164 emu/g）均大于未掺杂陶瓷的剩余磁化强度（0.047 emu/g），证明元素掺杂能够有效提升其铁电性。
3）制备的Ba-Ti共掺杂陶瓷，其饱和磁化强度（4.04 emu/g）和剩余磁化强度（1.573 emu/g）均介于Ba和Ti单独掺杂的陶瓷样品之间，说明共掺杂可以综合A位掺杂和B位掺杂的效果，磁化强度降低可能是掺杂元素尺寸不匹配导致晶格畸变和应力集中，阻碍了磁畴壁的移动和磁矩的旋转。
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  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2905105)
  • 中国五矿科技专项计划(2022ZXA02)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.027
  • 接收时间：2024-10-30
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-30
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国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2905105)
中国五矿科技专项计划(2022ZXA02)
作者信息
    1.中南大学　资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
    2.新加坡国立大学　材料科学与工程学院，新加坡　117571
    3.矿物材料及其应用湖南省重点实验室，湖南　长沙　410083
    4.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司，湖南　郴州　423000

通讯作者:

许向阳（1971—），男，湖南平江人，博士，副研究员，主要从事超硬材料、矿物材料和复合材料研究。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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