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Article(id=1241321693210268514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730217600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883754302, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883754302, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883754302, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883754302, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321691524158287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883753901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884632018, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321693499675501, articleId=1241321693210268514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Stress Variation Law and Support Technology for Surrounding Rock in Ultra-deep Roadways, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As for a mine in Yunnan, the failure modes of surrounding rock in roadways buried at a depth of 1 500 m was analyzed by adopting a combination of theoretical analysis, in-situ monitoring and numerical simulation for exploring the variation law of surrounding rock stress. The results indicate that the surrounding rock in the main transportation roadway and the drift transportation roadway near the ore body at a depth of 1500 m predominantly belongs to Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ rock masses. The influence of stratum stability on the broken zone is greater than that of the roadway cross-sectional dimensions. Under the disturbances of surrounding rock stress, mining-induced stress and blasting loads, the stress in the arch corner of the roadway is higher than that in the side walls. Based on the failure modes of the surrounding rock, a support method combining rock bolts, steel mesh and shotcrete was proposed. The 3DEC numerical simulation results show that after support, the depths of the plastic zones in the side walls, roof and floor of the roadway are reduced by 0.5 m, 0.8 m and 0.6 m, respectively.

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以云南某矿山为背景，采用理论分析、现场监测、数值模拟相结合的方法，对埋深1 500 m巷道围岩破坏模式进行分析，研究巷道围岩应力的变化规律。结果表明：埋深1 500 m近矿体段主运输巷道及沿脉运输巷道围岩基本属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类围岩；巷道地层稳定性对松动圈的影响大于巷道断面尺寸对松动圈的影响；在围岩应力、采动应力、爆破荷载等扰动作用下，巷道拱角围岩应力大于侧帮围岩应力。基于巷道围岩破坏模式，提出了锚杆+钢筋网+喷砼支护方式，3DEC数值模拟结果表明，巷道支护后，巷道两帮、拱顶、底板塑性区深度分别减小了0.5、0.8、0.6 m。

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刘家明（1994—），男，江西吉安人，硕士，工程师，主要从事膏体充填和金属矿高效开采研究。E-mail：
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王胜开（1988—），男，湖北恩施人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事金属矿山深部岩石力学研究。E-mail：

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王胜开（1988—），男，湖北恩施人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事金属矿山深部岩石力学研究。E-mail：

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王胜开（1988—），男，湖北恩施人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事金属矿山深部岩石力学研究。E-mail：

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Journal of China Coal Society, 2016, 41(11): 2679-2688., articleTitle=Occurrence mechanisms and judging criterion on circular tunnel butterfly rock burst in homogeneous medium, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327696454669097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=137, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=马念杰, 赵希栋, 赵志强, journalName=矿业科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马念杰, 赵希栋, 赵志强, 等. 掘进巷道蝶型煤与瓦斯突出机理猜想[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2017, 2(2): 137-149., articleTitle=掘进巷道蝶型煤与瓦斯突出机理猜想, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241327696521777962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=137, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=MA Nianjie, ZHAO Xidong, ZHAO Zhiqiang, journalName=Journal of Mining Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Nianjie, ZHAO Xidong, ZHAO Zhiqiang, et al. Conjecture about mechanism of butterfly-shape coal and gas outburst in excavation roadway[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2017, 2(2): 137-149., articleTitle=Conjecture about mechanism of butterfly-shape coal and gas outburst in excavation roadway, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241327679346102329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327679362879546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, companyId=1241327679346102329, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Yunnan Chihong Zn & Ge Co., Ltd., Qujing 654200, Yunnan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327679371268155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, companyId=1241327679346102329, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司，云南　曲靖　654200)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241327679463542855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327679471931463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, companyId=1241327679463542855, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.CINF Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410019, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327679484514376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, companyId=1241327679463542855, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司，湖南　长沙　410019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241327679572594774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327679576789078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, companyId=1241327679572594774, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327679585177687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, companyId=1241327679572594774, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京科技大学　土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241327687826985512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Stable destruction mode in roadway, figureFileSmall=78x29ao9yMCGfeWQxs27Bw==, figureFileBig=48Rdn6Icop511mvvPQaD/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327687915065902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图1, caption=巷道稳定型破坏模式, figureFileSmall=78x29ao9yMCGfeWQxs27Bw==, figureFileBig=48Rdn6Icop511mvvPQaD/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688061866552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Progressive destruction mode in roadway, figureFileSmall=WWw3G9fsl7VdSVJ4ecaM8g==, figureFileBig=rA3nrLeEpEqD7aZcAMhvoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688162529857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图2, caption=巷道渐进型破坏模式, figureFileSmall=WWw3G9fsl7VdSVJ4ecaM8g==, figureFileBig=rA3nrLeEpEqD7aZcAMhvoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688246415939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Mutant destruction mode in roadway, figureFileSmall=tCqlVvPP27qWMli/5Uk01A==, figureFileBig=v/Y7lF8l+qAS/vKfWhBrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688359662152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图3, caption=巷道突变型破坏模式

（a）瞬态塑性区；（b）巷道变形特征

, figureFileSmall=tCqlVvPP27qWMli/5Uk01A==, figureFileBig=v/Y7lF8l+qAS/vKfWhBrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688456131152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Displacement change of surrounding rock in roadway, figureFileSmall=fD9+OVWiEdhL3lUESfbowQ==, figureFileBig=OixLPlX3DQRi7RRuNqirMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688552600149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图4, caption=巷道围岩位移变化情况, figureFileSmall=fD9+OVWiEdhL3lUESfbowQ==, figureFileBig=OixLPlX3DQRi7RRuNqirMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688661652059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Monitoring result of broken rock zone, figureFileSmall=xjaHsvpMvMTosNAFn5S6zQ==, figureFileBig=BWsbSQNrr3/QeHqLVUwYNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688774898272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图5, caption=围岩松动圈监测结果, figureFileSmall=xjaHsvpMvMTosNAFn5S6zQ==, figureFileBig=BWsbSQNrr3/QeHqLVUwYNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327688871367271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Installation positions of borehole stress gauge, figureFileSmall=6cojvQyfXtj9b11PHu1kZg==, figureFileBig=bqOZyk1rZ2cjWgKiUk3lig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327689060110954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图6, caption=钻孔应力计安装位置, figureFileSmall=6cojvQyfXtj9b11PHu1kZg==, figureFileBig=bqOZyk1rZ2cjWgKiUk3lig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327689215300209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Monitoring results of disturbed stress of surrounding rock, figureFileSmall=P7eFJD635wbfg8e6ndWO1w==, figureFileBig=6hhCFysDpdX5WowKYKSNRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327689320157811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图7, caption=围岩扰动应力监测结果, figureFileSmall=P7eFJD635wbfg8e6ndWO1w==, figureFileBig=6hhCFysDpdX5WowKYKSNRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327689437598329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Difference in final and initial disturbed stress of each monitoring point, figureFileSmall=u8ZzFnkEMtsfWGpNCRDPtA==, figureFileBig=2DE4j5YACbEKIbL/iOpoTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327689546650239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各监测点最终扰动应力值与初始扰动应力值的差值, figureFileSmall=u8ZzFnkEMtsfWGpNCRDPtA==, figureFileBig=2DE4j5YACbEKIbL/iOpoTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327691044016771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Support scheme in design, figureFileSmall=qWnhUeRLtJfbF6SZ0rANXg==, figureFileBig=I8QfGtsOo8udS5Nul26h5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327691186623115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图9, caption=支护方案设计（单位：mm）, figureFileSmall=qWnhUeRLtJfbF6SZ0rANXg==, figureFileBig=I8QfGtsOo8udS5Nul26h5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327691304063634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Geological model, figureFileSmall=1tzARMe27sx95b5iWLoGeA==, figureFileBig=ewfvdhm7yPJu8v3OxV5BZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327691408921239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=图10, caption=地质模型

（a）无支护；（b）有支护

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（a）塑性区分布特征；（b）巷道变形特征

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Mechanical parameters of surrounding rock mass in -1 500 m roadway

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比完整性系数
陡山沱组61.365.1239.510.340.34
灯影组57.285.9038.290.360.43
宰格组72.424.8642.290.360.53
大塘组57.654.9035.050.360.49
摆佐组65.325.2648.120.320.47
威宁组66.504.7939.330.310.49
马平组53.743.5343.990.330.47
梁山组63.384.0644.760.250.35
栖霞茅口组91.605.6644.980.290.29
), ArticleFig(id=1241327692059038390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

-1 500 m中段巷道围岩岩体力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa泊松比完整性系数
陡山沱组61.365.1239.510.340.34
灯影组57.285.9038.290.360.43
宰格组72.424.8642.290.360.53
大塘组57.654.9035.050.360.49
摆佐组65.325.2648.120.320.47
威宁组66.504.7939.330.310.49
马平组53.743.5343.990.330.47
梁山组63.384.0644.760.250.35
栖霞茅口组91.605.6644.980.290.29
), ArticleFig(id=1241327692172284603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Classification of surrounding rock in broken zone

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩类型松动圈大小/m围岩与支护特征
Ⅰ类稳定围岩<1.50围岩整体性好，易支护
Ⅱ类一般不稳定围岩1.5～2.0围岩能够保持一定自稳，刚性支护存在破坏失效现象
Ⅲ类不稳定围岩2.0～3.0围岩软弱，巷道自稳性较差，不易支护
Ⅳ类不稳定围岩3.0～5.0围岩呈块状结构，巷道自稳性差，支护结构破断严重
Ⅴ类不稳定围岩>5.0围岩破碎软弱，巷道无自稳能力，历经多次翻修
), ArticleFig(id=1241327692285530818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

松动圈围岩分类标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
围岩类型松动圈大小/m围岩与支护特征
Ⅰ类稳定围岩<1.50围岩整体性好，易支护
Ⅱ类一般不稳定围岩1.5～2.0围岩能够保持一定自稳，刚性支护存在破坏失效现象
Ⅲ类不稳定围岩2.0～3.0围岩软弱，巷道自稳性较差，不易支护
Ⅳ类不稳定围岩3.0～5.0围岩呈块状结构，巷道自稳性差，支护结构破断严重
Ⅴ类不稳定围岩>5.0围岩破碎软弱，巷道无自稳能力，历经多次翻修
), ArticleFig(id=1241327692386194120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of plastic zone depth before and after support of deep roadway

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件塑性区深度/m
两帮拱顶底板
支护前2.85.23.4
支护后2.34.42.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241327692482663114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321693210268514, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

深部巷道支护前后围岩塑性区深度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件塑性区深度/m
两帮拱顶底板
支护前2.85.23.4
支护后2.34.42.8
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超深巷道围岩应力变化规律及支护技术
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王胜开 1 , 刘家明 2 , 朱志根 2 , 余一松 2 , 方旭刚 1 , 李华华 2 , 刘立波 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(2): 54-59
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(2): 54-59
超深巷道围岩应力变化规律及支护技术
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王胜开1 , 刘家明2 , 朱志根2, 余一松2, 方旭刚1, 李华华2, 刘立波3
作者信息
  • 1.云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司，云南　曲靖　654200
  • 2.长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司，湖南　长沙　410019
  • 3.北京科技大学　土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083

    • 王胜开（1988—），男，湖北恩施人，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事金属矿山深部岩石力学研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

刘家明（1994—），男，江西吉安人，硕士，工程师，主要从事膏体充填和金属矿高效开采研究。E-mail：
Stress Variation Law and Support Technology for Surrounding Rock in Ultra-deep Roadways
Shengkai WANG1 , Jiaming LIU2 , Zhigen ZHU2, Yisong YU2, Xugang FANG1, Huahua LI2, Libo LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Yunnan Chihong Zn & Ge Co., Ltd., Qujing 654200, Yunnan, China
  • 2.CINF Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410019, Hunan, China
  • 3.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.009
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摘要
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以云南某矿山为背景，采用理论分析、现场监测、数值模拟相结合的方法，对埋深1 500 m巷道围岩破坏模式进行分析，研究巷道围岩应力的变化规律。结果表明：埋深1 500 m近矿体段主运输巷道及沿脉运输巷道围岩基本属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类围岩；巷道地层稳定性对松动圈的影响大于巷道断面尺寸对松动圈的影响；在围岩应力、采动应力、爆破荷载等扰动作用下，巷道拱角围岩应力大于侧帮围岩应力。基于巷道围岩破坏模式，提出了锚杆+钢筋网+喷砼支护方式，3DEC数值模拟结果表明，巷道支护后，巷道两帮、拱顶、底板塑性区深度分别减小了0.5、0.8、0.6 m。

深部开采  /  巷道  /  塑性区  /  围岩  /  围岩应力  /  支护方式  /  数值模拟  /  破坏模式  /  围岩稳定性

As for a mine in Yunnan, the failure modes of surrounding rock in roadways buried at a depth of 1 500 m was analyzed by adopting a combination of theoretical analysis, in-situ monitoring and numerical simulation for exploring the variation law of surrounding rock stress. The results indicate that the surrounding rock in the main transportation roadway and the drift transportation roadway near the ore body at a depth of 1500 m predominantly belongs to Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ rock masses. The influence of stratum stability on the broken zone is greater than that of the roadway cross-sectional dimensions. Under the disturbances of surrounding rock stress, mining-induced stress and blasting loads, the stress in the arch corner of the roadway is higher than that in the side walls. Based on the failure modes of the surrounding rock, a support method combining rock bolts, steel mesh and shotcrete was proposed. The 3DEC numerical simulation results show that after support, the depths of the plastic zones in the side walls, roof and floor of the roadway are reduced by 0.5 m, 0.8 m and 0.6 m, respectively.

deep mining  /  roadway  /  plastic zone  /  surrounding rock  /  surrounding rock stress  /  support method  /  numerical simulation  /  failure mode  /  surrounding rock stability
王胜开, 刘家明, 朱志根, 余一松, 方旭刚, 李华华, 刘立波. 超深巷道围岩应力变化规律及支护技术. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.009
Shengkai WANG, Jiaming LIU, Zhigen ZHU, Yisong YU, Xugang FANG, Huahua LI, Libo LIU. Stress Variation Law and Support Technology for Surrounding Rock in Ultra-deep Roadways[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (2) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.009
正文
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随着矿产资源不断向深部开发，井下地应力逐渐增大，巷道、硐室及采场围岩稳定性控制难题日益突显[1]。深部开采时，巷道在地应力大、围岩破碎以及支护强度不足等情况下会出现显著变形[2-4]。众多学者对不同应力环境下的巷道破坏模式[5-8]进行了研究，取得了一定成果，但没有形成统一的巷道破坏理论。
前人针对不同地质条件的支护方式进行了研究，为深部巷道的支护工作提供了宝贵经验[9-11]。本文在已有研究成果的基础上，以云南某矿山为工程背景，通过理论研究、现场监测、数值模拟相结合的方法，从塑性区形成与发展的角度研究超深巷道近矿体段围岩破坏机制，并探讨合理的支护方法，可为深部巷道支护提供依据。
1　工程概况
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云南某矿山埋深1 500 m的地层是从二叠系下统梁山组至元震旦系上统陡山沱组地层，为可溶盐岩、层状岩类。按其建造和改造特征、组合关系及岩石物理力学性质进行工程地质岩组划分，分为陡山沱组、灯影组、筇竹寺组、海口组、宰格组、大塘组、摆佐组、威宁组、马平组、梁山组、栖霞茅口组地层。各个地层基本平行整合接触，整体倾角45°左右，部分地层岩层面存在泥质夹层。矿体赋存在大塘组和摆佐组间，主运输巷道及沿脉巷道布置在宰格组岩体中，穿脉布置在大塘组岩体中。-1 500 m水平矿体走向长159 m，最大斜深213 m；矿体倾向126°～136°，平均倾向130°；倾角45°～51°，平均倾角47°；矿体形态和内部结构中等复杂。
-1 500 m水平主运输巷为目前矿山正在掘进的埋深最大的巷道，走向143°，长1 318 m，结构面共87组，其中一般岩层面57组，平均倾向131.6°，平均倾角44.5°；断层30组，倾向57°～337°，倾角27°～87°。主运输巷依次近乎垂直穿越陡山沱组、灯影组、宰格组、大塘组、摆佐组、威宁组、马平组、梁山组、栖霞茅口组地层，其岩体力学参数如表1所示。由表1可知，栖霞茅口组、宰格组岩体抗压强度较高，灯影组、大塘组、马平组岩体抗压强度较低；各组岩体抗拉强度相差不大，其中马平组岩体抗拉强度最小，仅3.53 MPa。
2　巷道围岩变形破坏模式
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根据巷道围岩变形破坏的差异性，可将巷道破坏模式分为稳定型破坏、渐进型破坏和突变型破坏三大类。
2.1　稳定型破坏模式
稳定型破坏模式是指巷道开挖后围岩的变形破坏不会一直持续，当围岩体内的弹性势能通过变形得到充分释放后，巷道最终趋于稳定，如图1所示。由图1可知，呈稳定型破坏模式的巷道塑性区常以圆形或椭圆形分布；当受到岩层压力、地质断层以及巷道支护等因素影响时，塑性区形态进一步发展为变异的圆形或椭圆形。
2.2　渐进型破坏模式
渐进型破坏模式是指巷道开挖后，即使采取相应支护措施，巷道变形和破坏仍无法得到有效遏制，出现二次破坏或者反复破坏现象，如图2所示。由图2可知，这种破坏模式是深部巷道破坏的普遍模式，常受采动作用和岩体蠕变作用影响。
2.3　突变型破坏模式
突变型破坏模式一般是指在蝶形冲击地压作用下，巷道发生破坏，如图3所示。蝶形冲击地压是在一定的应力和围岩环境中，由于触发事件的诱导作用，巷道区域应力场突然发生某种改变，导致围岩蝶形塑性区瞬间出现急剧、跳跃式拓展，出现爆炸式破坏的动力现象[12]。
3　现场巷道监测及支护方案
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为了解-1 500 m水平主运输巷道在围岩应力、采动应力和爆破荷载等作用力影响下的塑性区变化，对主运输巷道的围岩内部变形、围岩松动圈、围岩扰动应力进行综合监测，进而分析巷道破坏模式，并提出合理的支护方案。
3.1　围岩内部变形监测
围岩内部变形主要是指岩体内部层面间的相对分离，可通过监测距离围岩表面不同深度位置岩层的相对位移，预测岩层不同步变形而出现的顶板离层、片帮及大规模坍塌等问题。
采用YUD300矿用本安型围岩离层监测仪对-1 500 m水平主运输巷道进行位移监测，记录巷道侧壁、拱顶60 d的位移变化情况，由于浅基点埋深浅，位移变化几乎为0，故只记录深基点与巷道表面的相对位移，结果如图4所示。
由图4可知，围岩位移随着时间延长逐渐增大，在高应力作用下巷道侧壁产生较大位移，但巷道拱顶位移变化较小，第30 d时巷道拱顶位移明显小于侧壁位移。随着时间延长，侧壁位移先急剧增大后增长幅度减小，说明巷道围岩内部位移受爆破开挖影响较小，破坏模式属于稳定型破坏。
3.2　围岩松动圈监测
采用RSM-SY5型声波检测仪对-1 500 m水平主运输巷道及沿脉运输巷道不同断面开展松动圈监测，结果如图5所示。
由图5可知，在同一巷道断面尺寸下，松动圈深度从大到小排序为：陡山沱组>灯影组>宰格组1段>大塘组，说明巷道稳定性从强到弱排序为：大塘组>宰格组1段>灯影组>陡山沱组。相同地层下，巷道断面尺寸越大，松动圈越大。巷道地层越稳定，巷道断面尺寸对松动圈的影响越小，说明巷道地层稳定性对松动圈的影响大于巷道断面尺寸对松动圈的影响。
由松动圈围岩分类标准（详见表2）[13]可知，-1 500 m水平近矿体段主运输巷道及沿脉运输巷道围岩属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类围岩。
3.3　扰动应力监测
采用YHY25矿用本安型钻孔应力计监测扰动应力，记录90 d内各个测点的数据变化情况。在宰格组穿脉巷道中选择3个断面布设试验点，第1个断面距掌子面8 m，第2个断面距掌子面13 m，第3个断面距掌子面18 m，每个断面分别在巷道拱角和距底板1.7 m的侧帮各安装1台钻孔应力计，承压朝上。安装位置如图6所示，90 d内各监测点围岩扰动应力监测结果如图7所示，根据监测结果计算各监测点最终扰动应力值与初始扰动应力值的差值，结果如图8所示。
由图7～8可知，在相邻采掘、爆破等扰动影响下，随着时间延长，围岩扰动应力先整体增大，约60 d后趋于稳定，巷道拱角应力均大于侧帮应力，扰动对巷道拱角影响较大，对侧帮影响较小；离掌子面越远，拱角扰动应力差值逐渐减小，侧帮扰动应力差值变化不大，最终侧帮与拱角扰动应力差值趋于相同，说明离掌子面越远，围岩扰动应力先急剧变化后缓慢变化再趋于稳定，最终重新达到应力平衡。
3.4　围岩支护方案选择
根据矿山深部巷道开挖情况和松动圈范围，选择锚杆+钢筋网+喷砼支护，支护方案设计如图9所示。
4　数值模拟
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4.1　模型建立
采用3DEC软件建立30 m×10 m×30 m的地质模型，如图10所示，运用JSET命令生成倾角45°的节理结构面，厚50 cm。由于巷道埋深-1 500 m，上覆岩层需考虑垂直应力，岩体平均密度取2.76×103 kg/m3，重力加速度取9.81 m/s2。选取线弹性模型进行模型自重平衡，采用Mohr-Coulomb准则作为围岩破坏准则。支护参数与支护方案设计一致。
4.2　无支护条件下巷道破坏分析
无支护条件下巷道破坏云图如图11所示。由图11可知，巷道左边帮至右侧底角区域，以及右边帮至拱顶区域的塑性区范围较大，且塑性区范围沿着岩层倾角方向延伸；巷道围岩变形特征主要表现为：应力以45°倾角在巷道左上位置和右下位置对巷道产生挤压变形；巷道两帮向巷道中心线位置产生不同程度位移，拱顶位置出现沉降，底板位置出现隆起。根据现场监测，数值模拟的塑性区分布情况与实际情况相符。
4.3　支护条件下巷道破坏分析
支护条件下巷道塑性区分布如图12所示。由图12可知，支护巷道围岩塑性区分布特征与无支护巷道围岩塑性区具有相似性，塑性区主要以45°方向从巷道左下位置向右上位置分布。巷道支护后，塑性区在深度和跨度上均有所减小，且拱顶处的剪应力及拉应力也有所减小，说明在该支护条件下，巷道基本达到良好稳定。
4.4　支护前后围岩塑性区深度对比
深部巷道支护前后围岩塑性区深度对比见表3。
由表3可知，巷道支护后，巷道两帮、拱顶、底板处塑性区深度分别减少了0.5、0.8、0.6 m，说明支护对拱顶塑性区影响较大。支护前后围岩塑性区分布位置没有较大变动，证实了当前支护体系具有可行性。
5　结论
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1）埋深1500 m主运输巷道围岩破坏模式为稳定型破坏，巷道围岩属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类围岩，巷道稳定性排序为大塘组>宰格组1段>灯影组>陡山沱组。
2）在相同地层下，巷道断面尺寸越大，松动圈越大，巷道地层稳定性对松动圈的影响大于巷道断面尺寸对松动圈的影响。距离掌子面越远，围岩扰动应力先急剧变化后缓慢变化再趋于稳定，最终重新达到应力平衡。
3）埋深1 500 m主运输巷采用锚杆+钢筋网+喷砼支护，根据3DEC数值模拟，支护后的巷道塑性区深度减小，尤其是拱顶塑性区深度减少了0.8 m，证实了支护参数可行。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.009
  • 接收时间：2024-10-30
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-30
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    1.云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司，云南　曲靖　654200
    2.长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司，湖南　长沙　410019
    3.北京科技大学　土木与资源工程学院，北京　100083

通讯作者:

刘家明（1994—），男，江西吉安人，硕士，工程师，主要从事膏体充填和金属矿高效开采研究。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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