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Article(id=1241321692698563414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729526400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883754180, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1743436800000, pubDateStr=2025-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883754180, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883754180, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883754180, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241321691524158287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883753901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773884632018, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241325374676726364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241321691524158287, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=162, endPage=168, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241321692987970395, articleId=1241321692698563414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Preparation of Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar/Geopolymer Composite Microspheres for Dye Removal, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bagasse was calcined under an inert atmosphere to produce biochar, which was then mixed with metakaolin and taken to prepare sugarcane bagasse biochar/geopolymer composite microspheres (BGM) by using sodium silicate as an activator. The microstructure of BGM was characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET and XPS, and its adsorption performance for crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) was also investigated. Results show that the introduction of biochar can enhance the adsorption capacity of metakaolin-based geopolymer microspheres. The adsorption processes of BGM for both dyes follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model. BGM-20 can have theoretically maximum adsorption capacities of 138.031 mg/g for CV and 79.128 mg/g for MB, which can be well-described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Dynamic adsorption experiments revealed that the time required for adsorption of CV and MB by BGM to reach exhaustion exceeded 8 500 min, indicating that BGM can be taken as a fixed-bed adsorption medium material for dye wastewater treatment.

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将甘蔗渣于惰性气氛下煅烧得到甘蔗渣生物炭，将生物炭与偏高岭土混合，选择水玻璃为激发剂，采用悬浮固化法制备了甘蔗渣生物炭/地质聚合物复合微球（BGM），通过XRD、FT-IR、BET和XPS对BGM微观结构进行了表征，并研究了BGM对结晶紫（CV）和亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能。结果表明，生物炭的引入有利于提高偏高岭土基地质聚合物微球的吸附性能，BGM对这2种染料的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型，BGM-20对CV和MB理论最大吸附量分别为138.031、79.128 mg/g，吸附过程可用Langmuir方程进行描述。动态吸附实验发现BGM对CV和MB的耗尽时间均超过8500 min，BGM可作为固定床吸附介质材料用于处理染料废水。

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薛兴勇（1985—），男，贵州遵义人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为地质聚合物功能材料。E-mail：
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齐文康（1999—），男，山东东营人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为地质聚合物吸附材料。E-mail：

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齐文康（1999—），男，山东东营人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为地质聚合物吸附材料。E-mail：

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齐文康（1999—），男，山东东营人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为地质聚合物吸附材料。E-mail：

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Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024, 44(1): 105-110., articleTitle=Preparation of MPTS-modified kaolin adsorbent and its adsorption properties, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241327689206911598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, awardId=2020KJQD08, language=CN, fundingSource=广西民族大学科研基金（引进人才科研启动项目）(2020KJQD08), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241327689332740725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, awardId=S202310608238, language=CN, fundingSource=广西民族大学自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310608238), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241327689433404027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, awardId=52302019, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52302019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241327689538261631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, awardId=2023KY1153, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2023KY1153), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241327675269239616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327675273433921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, companyId=1241327675269239616, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, Guangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327675277628226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, companyId=1241327675269239616, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西民族大学　化学化工学院，广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室，广西　南宁　530006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241327675365708621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327675374097231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, companyId=1241327675365708621, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Guangxi Vocational and Technical College of Communications, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241327675386680145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, companyId=1241327675365708621, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西交通职业技术学院，广西　南宁　530023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241327684005974393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=SEM images of BGM with different amounts of BC, figureFileSmall=Iyn9C7L8UuAi/gscb4TzDw==, figureFileBig=NlFxTRk+JLCqgUDKsoSetg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241327684119220611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同BC添加量下BGM的SEM照片

（a）BGM-0；（b）BGM-10；（c）BGM-20

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（a）～（d）BGM-0；（e）～（h）BGM-20

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（a）BGM-0吸、脱附等温线；（b）BGM-20吸、脱附等温线（c）BGM-0孔径分布；（d）BGM-20孔径分布

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（a）全谱；（b）O1s精细谱

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（a）CV拟一级动力学模型曲线；（b）MB拟一级动力学模型曲线；（c）CV拟二级动力学模型曲线；（d）MB拟二级动力学模型曲线

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Fitting parameters of pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models for adsorption of CV and MB by BGM-20

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染料拟一级动力学拟二级动力学
Qt/（mg·g-1）Qe/（mg·g-1）k1/min-1R2Qe/（mg·g-1）k2/（g·mg-1·min-1）R2
CV102.2994.920.0030.971104.490.000 040.999
MB96.3188.350.0050.91399.110.000 060.997
), ArticleFig(id=1241327688682623581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

BGM-20吸附CV和MB拟一级、拟二级动力学模型拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染料拟一级动力学拟二级动力学
Qt/（mg·g-1）Qe/（mg·g-1）k1/min-1R2Qe/（mg·g-1）k2/（g·mg-1·min-1）R2
CV102.2994.920.0030.971104.490.000 040.999
MB96.3188.350.0050.91399.110.000 060.997
), ArticleFig(id=1241327688779092577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich models for adsorption of CV and MB by BGM-20

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染料Qe/（mg·g-1）Langmuir模型Freundlich模型
Qm/（mg·g-1）kL/（L·mg-1）R2kF/[（mg·g-1）（mg·L-1）·n-1]nR2
CV139.979138.0312.2370.95181.8520.1730.833
MB81.85979.1285.3910.88954.6480.1170.869
), ArticleFig(id=1241327688875561573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241321692698563414, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

BGM-20吸附CV和MB的Langmuir和Freundlich模型拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
染料Qe/（mg·g-1）Langmuir模型Freundlich模型
Qm/（mg·g-1）kL/（L·mg-1）R2kF/[（mg·g-1）（mg·L-1）·n-1]nR2
CV139.979138.0312.2370.95181.8520.1730.833
MB81.85979.1285.3910.88954.6480.1170.869
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甘蔗渣生物炭/地质聚合物复合微球的制备及其对染料的去除研究
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齐文康 1 , 张馨怡 1 , 杨语桐 1 , 黄春杰 1 , 薛兴勇 1 , 苏俏俏 1 , 韩要丛 1 , 莫文旭 1 , 许煜坤 1 , 莫林强 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(2): 162-168
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(2): 162-168
甘蔗渣生物炭/地质聚合物复合微球的制备及其对染料的去除研究
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齐文康1 , 张馨怡1, 杨语桐1, 黄春杰1, 薛兴勇1 , 苏俏俏1, 韩要丛1, 莫文旭1, 许煜坤1, 莫林强2
作者信息
  • 1.广西民族大学　化学化工学院，广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室，广西　南宁　530006
  • 2.广西交通职业技术学院，广西　南宁　530023

    • 齐文康（1999—），男，山东东营人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为地质聚合物吸附材料。E-mail：

通讯作者:

薛兴勇（1985—），男，贵州遵义人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为地质聚合物功能材料。E-mail：
Preparation of Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar/Geopolymer Composite Microspheres for Dye Removal
Wenkang QI1 , Xinyi ZHANG1, Yutong YANG1, Chunjie HUANG1, Xingyong XUE1 , Qiaoqiao SU1, Yaocong HAN1, Wenxu MO1, Yukun XU1, Linqiang MO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, Guangxi, China
  • 2.Guangxi Vocational and Technical College of Communications, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, China
出版时间: 2025-04-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.029
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摘要
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将甘蔗渣于惰性气氛下煅烧得到甘蔗渣生物炭，将生物炭与偏高岭土混合，选择水玻璃为激发剂，采用悬浮固化法制备了甘蔗渣生物炭/地质聚合物复合微球（BGM），通过XRD、FT-IR、BET和XPS对BGM微观结构进行了表征，并研究了BGM对结晶紫（CV）和亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能。结果表明，生物炭的引入有利于提高偏高岭土基地质聚合物微球的吸附性能，BGM对这2种染料的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型，BGM-20对CV和MB理论最大吸附量分别为138.031、79.128 mg/g，吸附过程可用Langmuir方程进行描述。动态吸附实验发现BGM对CV和MB的耗尽时间均超过8500 min，BGM可作为固定床吸附介质材料用于处理染料废水。

甘蔗渣  /  偏高岭土  /  生物炭  /  地质聚合物  /  吸附剂  /  染料废水  /  废水处理

Bagasse was calcined under an inert atmosphere to produce biochar, which was then mixed with metakaolin and taken to prepare sugarcane bagasse biochar/geopolymer composite microspheres (BGM) by using sodium silicate as an activator. The microstructure of BGM was characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET and XPS, and its adsorption performance for crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) was also investigated. Results show that the introduction of biochar can enhance the adsorption capacity of metakaolin-based geopolymer microspheres. The adsorption processes of BGM for both dyes follow the pseudo-second order kinetic model. BGM-20 can have theoretically maximum adsorption capacities of 138.031 mg/g for CV and 79.128 mg/g for MB, which can be well-described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Dynamic adsorption experiments revealed that the time required for adsorption of CV and MB by BGM to reach exhaustion exceeded 8 500 min, indicating that BGM can be taken as a fixed-bed adsorption medium material for dye wastewater treatment.

sugarcane bagasse  /  metakaolin  /  biochar  /  geopolymer  /  adsorbent  /  dye wastewater  /  wastewater treatment
齐文康, 张馨怡, 杨语桐, 黄春杰, 薛兴勇, 苏俏俏, 韩要丛, 莫文旭, 许煜坤, 莫林强. 甘蔗渣生物炭/地质聚合物复合微球的制备及其对染料的去除研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 162 -168 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.029
Wenkang QI, Xinyi ZHANG, Yutong YANG, Chunjie HUANG, Xingyong XUE, Qiaoqiao SU, Yaocong HAN, Wenxu MO, Yukun XU, Linqiang MO. Preparation of Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar/Geopolymer Composite Microspheres for Dye Removal[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (2) : 162 -168 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.029
正文
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地质聚合物是一种低成本环保型无机聚合物材料，一般由碱在近室温下激发偏高岭土、矿渣、粉煤灰等无定形铝硅酸盐原料缩聚/聚合而成[1-2]。地质聚合物微球材料强度高，微球直径和孔径易于调控[3]，适合固定床动态吸附[4-5]，同样适用于负载其他吸附剂[6-7]。普通生物炭在应用过程中普遍存在循环再生难、大规模固定床应用难等问题。本文将生物炭与偏高岭土地质聚合物复合制备新型复合微球吸附材料，解决生物炭传统应用问题，并系统研究了生物炭-偏高岭土地质聚合物复合微球（BGM）的结构及其对染料结晶紫（CV）和亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能。
1　实验
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1.1　BGM的制备
实验原料主要有：偏高岭土（MK），粒度34～44 μm，巩义金澳耐材有限公司；甘蔗渣，广西远特农业科技有限公司；结晶紫（CV），分析纯，天津市大茂化学试剂厂；亚甲基蓝（MB），分析纯，广东光华科技股份有限公司；氢氧化钠，分析纯，国药集团化学试剂有限公司；二甲基硅油，2 000CS，美国道康宁公司；水玻璃，工业级，蚌埠市精诚化工有限责任公司。去离子水为实验室制备。
BGM的制备过程：向50 g水玻璃中加入8.42 g氢氧化钠，调节其模数至1.3，在室温下自然冷却。将甘蔗渣置于管式炉中，向炉中通入一定流量的N2，于N2保护下缓慢升温至300 ℃，保温1 h得到生物炭（BC）。根据预定比例称取BC与MK置于烧杯中，随后加入40 g上述水玻璃及16.87 g去离子水，利用高速分散机对混合物进行高速搅拌，确保浆料均匀混合。将浆料缓慢滴入80 ℃硅油中，滴入过程中维持搅拌。滴入完成后，继续搅拌10 min，然后将混合物转移至80 ℃烘箱中保温12 h。固化后混合物经抽滤、洗涤、烘干得到固体样品，将样品放入管式炉，N2氛围下在400 ℃保温4 h后自然冷却，冷却后的样品用去离子水洗涤至pH值达中性，然后烘干处理得到BGM样品。实验中考察了BC添加量的影响，按BC/（BC+MK）质量分数分别为0、10%和20%制备复合微球，对应样品分别标记为BGM-0、BGM-10、BGM-20。
1.2　BGM表征方法
采用Micromeritics ASAP 2460全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪（BET）测试BGM比表面积；采用Thermo Scientific K-Alpha X射线光电子能谱仪（XRD）观摩BGM微观晶体结构；采用Nicoletis10傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）测试BGM表面官能团；采用Carl Zeiss Supra-55-Sapphire扫描电子显微镜（SEM、EDS）观摩BGM微观形貌，分析材料表面成分；采用Cray 60型紫外可见分光光度计测定溶液浓度。
1.3　BGM吸附实验
在静态吸附实验中，系统考察了BC添加量、BGM投入量、染料初始浓度以及吸附时间对CV和MB去除率的影响。实验操作如下：向100 mL一定浓度染料溶液中加入预定量BGM，放入空气摇床，在25 ℃恒温下以250 r/min速率振荡，一定时间后取上清液，采用紫外-可见分光光度计测试其吸光度，通过标准曲线换算得到染料浓度。采用吸附量和去除率表征BGM的吸附效果：
式中：Q为吸附量，mg/g；R为染料去除率，%；C0为染料初始浓度，mg/L；Ct为吸附后染料浓度，mg/L；V为染料体积，L；m为吸附剂投入量，g。
2　实验结果与讨论
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2.1　BGM的表征
2.1.1　SEM分析
图1展示了不同BC添加量下BGM吸附剂表面微观结构。由图1可见，BC的加入对MK成球后微观结构和比表面积有较大影响。BGM-0球形度很好，表面质地均匀；BGM-10球形度无明显变化，部分BC被固化在微球表面，部分被包裹在地质聚合物微球当中；BGM-20球形度受到一定影响，表面变得较为粗糙，可以清晰观察到大量BC被包覆到微球上。
图2为BGM样品表面EDS图谱。从图2可以看出，相对于BGM-0，BGM-20中C含量显著增加，进一步证实BC分散于地质聚合物微球当中。此复合方法，BC添加量较少时，在不明显影响微球球形度时可增加材料比表面积，提供更多吸附位点。同时，相对于无规则形状的BC材料，具有较好球形度的BGM复合材料更有利于应用到固定床吸附，拓展BC材料应用范围。
2.1.2　XRD分析
图3为不同样品XRD图谱。3种样品均为典型非晶结构[8]。其中BC复合后对于地质聚合物在15°～30°的宽驼峰性质[9-10]没有实质影响。BC在悬浮固化过程中因为剪切力作用被地质聚合物颗粒包裹，只有部分呈现在BGM表面，因此BC在25°～30°处的特征峰在BGM-20中强度变弱。
2.1.3　FT-IR分析
图4为不同样品FT-IR谱图。3种材料在3 200～3 600 cm-1处的吸收峰由—OH伸缩振动引起[11-12]。BC中2923.5 cm-1左右处的弱吸收峰由—CH3和—CH2的对称与非对称伸缩振动引起[13-14]，1 603.1 cm-1处出现吸收峰，表明BC中羰基与苯环共轭时，芳环特征峰可能分裂为环振吸收峰。2 360.7 cm-1处吸收峰为地质聚合物特征峰，属于Si—H伸缩振动，1 650 cm-1处属于—OH弯曲振动峰，900～1 200 cm-1处较宽吸收峰属于Al—O—Si弯曲振动峰，形成碱性铝硅酸盐网络[15]，400～800 cm-1处的吸收峰由Si—O—A（A代表Si或Al）不对称拉伸振动产生[16]。
2.1.4　BET分析
不同样品的N2吸、脱附等温线及孔径分布见图5。由图5可知，BGM-20吸、脱附等温线属于Ⅲ和Ⅳ型吸、脱附等温线[17]，表明吸附剂在材料表面发生了多层吸附，且在吸附过程中，吸附质分子之间的相互作用力明显大于其与吸附剂之间的相互作用力。孔径分布显示，BGM-20孔径范围主要集中于10 nm左右，可能由于在热解阶段，热解使得气体从原料内部向外部瞬间膨胀，使部分微孔孔径继续增大，并发生进一步反应，生成介孔和大孔。BGM-20在负载BC之后，相较于BGM-0比表面积大幅提升，孔体积得到明显提高，介孔居多，与吸、脱附等温线结论一致。
2.1.5　XPS分析
图6为BGM-20的XPS谱图。为进一步探索BGM-20中各元素存在形式，对其XPS谱图进行分峰拟合。从图6（a）可以看出，BGM-20中检测到的主要元素为C、O、Si、Al。O元素是生物炭-地质聚合物结构中重要元素之一，对O进行了XPS精细谱表征，如图6（b）所示，在结合能531.5、532.5 eV处光电子峰分别对应Al—O与Si—O四面体结构[18-19]。地质聚合物成分中铝硅含量是一定的，因此在532.5 eV处光电子峰还代表—OH基团，BGM制备过程中有大量OH-，产生了Si—OH键[20]。Si—OH基团是地质聚合物中的碱基单元中的基本单元，而地质聚合物中Al一般以Al—OH形式存在于[AlO4]-四面体中，因此碱基单元会与OH—Al进一步反应生成Si—O—Al[21]。
2.2　BGM对CV和MB的吸附性能
2.2.1　BC添加量对CV和MB去除效果的影响
溶液体积100 mL，CV质量浓度100 mg/L，MB质量浓度50 mg/L，溶液中吸附剂添加量100 mg，吸附时间24 h，不同吸附剂对CV和MB的吸附效果如图7所示。由图7可以看出，没有复合BC的地质聚合物微球BGM-0吸能力最弱；随着BC添加量增加，吸附效果逐渐提升；且不同吸附剂对CV的吸附效果均优于对MB的吸附效果。从图1可知，BC添加量达到20%以后，BGM球形结构基本保留，前期研究中发现当BC添加量提升至30%以后，BGM不能较好保持球体形貌，因此后续实验以BGM-20为吸附剂。
2.2.2　BGM-20添加量对CV和MB去除效果的影响
其他条件不变，研究了BGM-20添加量对CV和MB吸附效果的影响，如图8所示。染料去除率随着BGM-20添加量增加而增加，但饱和吸附量逐渐降低。低添加量（50 mg）时，吸附剂对CV吸附量可达139.58 mg/g，去除率为70%左右，而对MB吸附量为84.61 mg/g，BGM-20对CV吸附效果优于对MB的去除效果。综合考虑吸附剂对二者的吸附量和去除率，添加量均选择75 mg进行后续实验。
2.2.3　不同pH值下BMG-20对CV和MB去除效果的影响
其他条件不变，BGM-20添加量75 mg（即750 mg/L），不同pH值下BMG-20对CV和MB吸附效果如图9所示。BMG-20对2种染料的吸附量和去除率首先均随着pH值增加缓慢增大，pH值较低时，溶液中的H+会抑制吸附剂对染料的去除效果，多余质子（H+）与染料分子竞争微球材料吸附位点，并且还会发生静电排斥，导致吸附能力差，随着pH值增加到中性时，排除H+干扰，吸附效果增强；pH>7后，BGM-20对染料的吸附量及去除率变化不大。后续选择pH=7进行实验。
2.2.4　吸附动力学
采用拟一级动力学（Pseudo-first order model，PFO）、拟二级动力学（Pseudo-second order model，PSO）模型对吸附过程进行模拟。PFO和PSO的表达式分别为：
式中：Qt、Qe分别为吸附时间t时和吸附平衡时的吸附量，mg/g；k1为拟一级动力学模型吸附常数，min-1；k2为拟二级动力学模型吸附常数，g/（mg·min）。
其他条件不变，溶液pH=7，BGM-20对CV和MB的吸附动力学曲线及拟一级和拟二级动力学模型拟合曲线如图10所示，BGM-20吸附CV和MB拟一级、拟二级动力学模型拟合参数见表1。
由图10和表1可以看出，拟一级动力学模型的相关系数R2显著低于拟二级动力学模型，表明拟二级动力学模型能更准确描述吸附动力学，CV和MB理论吸附量分别为104.49和99.11 mg/g，与实验测定值102.29和96.31 mg/g接近，BGM-20对CV和MB的吸附过程主要为化学吸附[22]。
2.2.5　吸附等温线
为研究吸附平衡机理，利用Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型对实验数据进行拟合。前者模拟了均匀单分子层吸附行为，而后者描述非均匀多分子层吸附行为[20]。
式中：Qm为BGM对CV和MB最大吸附量，mg/g；kL为Langmuir常数；kF和n均为Freundlich常数。
吸附等温线模型拟合曲线见图11，相应拟合参数见表2。当染料浓度Ce值较低时，BGM-20吸附量迅速增加；而Ce值较高时，BGM-20吸附量增加速度缓慢，最终达到吸附平衡。Langmuir模型线性相关系数大于Freundlich模型，Langmuir模型计算得出的最大吸附量（Qm）与实验吸附平衡数据吻合度更高，BGM-20对CV和MB理论最大吸附量分别为138.031和79.128 mg/g。Langmuir模型更适宜于描述染料分子在BGM-20上的吸附行为，表明吸附过程遵循均匀单分子层吸附机制[23]。
2.2.6　动态吸附
在动态吸附实验中，研究了BGM-20吸附剂对CV和MB的固定床吸附。选择2个玻璃柱（内径0.03 m，高0.50 m），BGM-20填充高度0.02 m，CV和MB进料溶液质量浓度分别为10和5 mg/L，以1 mL/min固定流速向上泵送通过2个吸附柱，间隔一定时间采集样品，直到Ct/C0大于等于0.9（Ct和C0分别表示动态实验装置出口和入口的染料浓度）。动态吸附实验中BGM-20吸附CV和MB的穿透曲线如图12所示。动态实验结果表明，BGM-20对2种有机染料均表现出优异的吸附效果，有效工作时间长，实验条件下BGM-20对CV和MB的耗尽时间均超过8 500 min，适合作为固定床介质材料用于处理染料废水。
3　结论
收起
1）BC添加量对复合微球形貌有一定影响，BGM-20对染料CV和MB具有较好的吸附效果。
2）BGM-20对CV和MB的理论最大吸附量分别为138.031和79.128 mg/g。动力学研究结果表明，BGM-20对这两种染料的吸附过程更符合拟二级动力学模型。等温吸附实验结果表明，吸附过程可用Langmuir方程进行描述。
3）动态吸附实验中，BGM-20对CV和MB的耗尽时间均超过8 500 min，BGM-20适合作为固定床的吸附介质材料用于处理染料废水。
基金
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  • 广西民族大学科研基金（引进人才科研启动项目）(2020KJQD08)
  • 广西民族大学自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310608238)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52302019)
  • 2023年度广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2023KY1153)
文献
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.02.029
  • 接收时间：2024-10-22
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-04-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-22
基金
广西民族大学科研基金（引进人才科研启动项目）(2020KJQD08)
广西民族大学自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310608238)
国家自然科学基金(52302019)
2023年度广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2023KY1153)
作者信息
    1.广西民族大学　化学化工学院，广西多糖材料与改性重点实验室，广西　南宁　530006
    2.广西交通职业技术学院，广西　南宁　530023

通讯作者:

薛兴勇（1985—），男，贵州遵义人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为地质聚合物功能材料。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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