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An experimental study was carried out for adsorption of ammonia nitride and copper ions in electroplating wastewater by fly ash-based zeolite. Results show that the proper conditions for adsorption of copper ions by fly ash-based zeolite include pH of 8, initial mass concentration of 200 mg/L for copper ions in the solution, adsorption time of 0.45 h, and temperature of 200 ℃; the proper conditions for adsorption of ammonia nitride by fly ash-based zeolite include addition of 8 g/L fly ash-based zeolite, pH of 8, adsorption time of 0.60 h, and initial mass concentration of 150 mg/L for ammonia nitride in the solution. It is found that the adsorption of copper ions by fly ash-based zeolites is a physical adsorption process, and the adsorption of ammonia nitride by fly ash-based zeolites is a combination of ion exchange and physical adsorption.

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开展了粉煤灰基沸石吸附电镀废液中氮氧化物和铜离子的试验研究。结果表明:粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子的适宜条件为:pH值8,溶液中铜离子初始质量浓度200 mg/L,吸附时间0.45 h,温度200 ℃;粉煤灰基沸石吸附氨氮化物的适宜条件为:粉煤灰基沸石投入量8 g/L,pH值8,吸附时间0.60 h,溶液中氨氮化物初始质量浓度150 mg/L;粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子的吸附过程为物理吸附过程,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的吸附是离子交换和物理吸附共同作用的结果。

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鲍慧敏(1985—),女,山西长治人,硕士,讲师,主要从事煤化工方面的教学和研究以及污染水处理。E-mail:

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鲍慧敏(1985—),女,山西长治人,硕士,讲师,主要从事煤化工方面的教学和研究以及污染水处理。E-mail:

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鲍慧敏(1985—),女,山西长治人,硕士,讲师,主要从事煤化工方面的教学和研究以及污染水处理。E-mail:

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U(Ⅵ)在缓冲回填材料高庙子膨润土胶体上的吸附[J]. 核化学与放射化学, 2021, 43(2): 176-182., articleTitle=U(Ⅵ)在缓冲回填材料高庙子膨润土胶体上的吸附, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081057328558510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081040257741370, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=左莹莹, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=左莹莹. 铅锌矿区土壤污染特征及微生物诱导碳酸钙对Pb2+的吸附作用研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳化工大学, 2021., articleTitle=铅锌矿区土壤污染特征及微生物诱导碳酸钙对Pb2+的吸附作用研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081045957800868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081040257741370, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081045982966700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081040257741370, companyId=1241081045957800868, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Changzhi Vocational and Technical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081045991355305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081040257741370, companyId=1241081045957800868, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长治职业技术学院,山西 长治 046000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081049824948366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081040257741370, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EzoEt9hOZ9aOnQMP92OfEg==, figureFileBig=qtU/98hQ6JrEvt+FQvGZcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081049942388888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081040257741370, language=CN, label=图1, caption=粉煤灰基沸石氮气吸附/脱附等温线和孔径分布曲线

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粉煤灰基沸石吸附废液中氨氮化物与铜离子的试验研究
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鲍慧敏
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(4): 253-258
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(4): 253-258
粉煤灰基沸石吸附废液中氨氮化物与铜离子的试验研究
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鲍慧敏
作者信息
  • 长治职业技术学院,山西 长治 046000
  • 鲍慧敏(1985—),女,山西长治人,硕士,讲师,主要从事煤化工方面的教学和研究以及污染水处理。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Adsorption of Ammonia Nitride and Copper Ions in Wastewater by Fly Ash-Based Zeolite
Huimin BAO
Affiliations
  • Changzhi Vocational and Technical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China
出版时间: 2024-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.049
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开展了粉煤灰基沸石吸附电镀废液中氮氧化物和铜离子的试验研究。结果表明:粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子的适宜条件为:pH值8,溶液中铜离子初始质量浓度200 mg/L,吸附时间0.45 h,温度200 ℃;粉煤灰基沸石吸附氨氮化物的适宜条件为:粉煤灰基沸石投入量8 g/L,pH值8,吸附时间0.60 h,溶液中氨氮化物初始质量浓度150 mg/L;粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子的吸附过程为物理吸附过程,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的吸附是离子交换和物理吸附共同作用的结果。

粉煤灰  /  沸石  /  电镀废液  /  氨氮化物  /  铜离子  /  吸附剂  /  物理吸附

An experimental study was carried out for adsorption of ammonia nitride and copper ions in electroplating wastewater by fly ash-based zeolite. Results show that the proper conditions for adsorption of copper ions by fly ash-based zeolite include pH of 8, initial mass concentration of 200 mg/L for copper ions in the solution, adsorption time of 0.45 h, and temperature of 200 ℃; the proper conditions for adsorption of ammonia nitride by fly ash-based zeolite include addition of 8 g/L fly ash-based zeolite, pH of 8, adsorption time of 0.60 h, and initial mass concentration of 150 mg/L for ammonia nitride in the solution. It is found that the adsorption of copper ions by fly ash-based zeolites is a physical adsorption process, and the adsorption of ammonia nitride by fly ash-based zeolites is a combination of ion exchange and physical adsorption.

fly ash  /  zeolite  /  electroplating wastewater  /  ammonia nitride  /  copper ion  /  adsorbent  /  physical adsorption
鲍慧敏. 粉煤灰基沸石吸附废液中氨氮化物与铜离子的试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (4) : 253 -258 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.049
Huimin BAO. Experimental Study on Adsorption of Ammonia Nitride and Copper Ions in Wastewater by Fly Ash-Based Zeolite[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (4) : 253 -258 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.049
氨氮元素是大多数生物体新陈代谢的必需物质,但是它也是造成湖泊和河流水体富营养化的原因之一[1-3]。工业中的氨氮化合物和生活污水中的含氨氮物质都通过一定方式排放到河流中,导致我国湖泊和河流水体富营养化。水体富营养化会造成水中氧气减少,水质变得浑浊,水中生物出现死亡现象,进而使水体中病毒和异味不断增多,影响人们生活饮用水安全和破坏生态环境[4-6]。其中,电镀废液中的氨氮和铜离子含量尤其高,是主要的水体污染源之一。高效去除废水中的氨氮物质与铜离子是目前环境领域研究的重点和难点。
沸石材料不仅吸附效果好,而且沸石在自然界储量多。采用沸石吸附氨氮化物的研究[7-10]很多,并取得了丰硕的成果,但使用沸石材料处理实际废水的基础研究仍需进一步丰富。本文采用粉煤灰合成沸石作为吸附剂,探究吸附剂投加量、吸附时间等因素对其去除电镀废液中氨氮和铜离子效果的影响,并通过XRD和FTIR等表征了粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子前后性质的变化,可为沸石吸附技术工业化应用提供理论依据。
试验所用粉煤灰取自当地电厂,经X射线荧光分析,该粉煤灰中各化学成分(质量分数)分别为:SiO2 56.42%,Al2O330.86%,Fe2O35.66%,CaO 4.38%,其他氧化物2.68%。
试剂氢氧化钠购自天津市瑞金特化学品有限公司。采用NH4+离子溶液及自来水按照试验要求配制不同质量浓度的氨氮试验废液。取100 mg/L含有铜离子的标准溶液,按照试验要求配制不同质量浓度的铜离子废液。
采用碱熔融水热法制备粉煤灰基沸石,合成步骤[11-13]为:①将粉煤灰与盐酸充分混合,在85 ℃下酸洗2 h,去除粉煤灰中的杂质;②将去除杂质后的粉煤灰置于离心机中,水洗至中性后取出,烘干后通过人工研磨的方法对粉煤灰进行研磨;③混合氢氧化钠溶液和研磨后的粉煤灰(比例设定为1.2∶1);④将上述混合物置于马弗炉中,750 ℃下煅烧2 h,对粉煤灰中的石英和莫来石进行煅烧活化处理;⑤对煅烧后物质进一步研磨后与水混合,在室温环境下磁力搅拌24 h;⑥将上述混合液转移至反应釜中,采用90 ℃水浴加热12 h;⑦将上述水浴加热后的产物放入离心机中水洗至中性后取出,烘干后研磨,得到沸石。
采用PW4400型号X射线荧光光谱仪测试样品化学成分;采用NOVA 4200e比表面仪测试样品比表面积;采用Empyrean-Alpha 1型X射线衍射仪测试样品物相组成;采用NICOLET-CCR-1光栅型红外光谱仪分析样品结构。
粉煤灰基沸石吸附氨氮化物的试验步骤为:①取一定量含氨氮化物的溶液放入烧杯中,按照试验设计的投加量加入粉煤灰基沸石;②采用超声装置使粉煤灰基沸石在溶液中完全散开;③将上述烧杯置于磁力搅拌器上吸附一定时间;④待试验完成,使用离心机对溶液进行固液分离;⑤采用胶头滴管吸取氨氮化物溶液的上清液,使用分光光度计测定溶液中剩余氨氮化物质量浓度,计算粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除率(式(1))。影响粉煤灰基沸石吸附氨氮化物的因素包括粉煤灰基沸石投入量、pH值、溶液初始质量浓度和吸附时间等。
式中:η为去除率,%;ρ0为初始质量浓度,mg/L;ρe为达到平衡后剩余质量浓度,mg/L。
粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子的试验步骤为:①取一定量铜离子溶液放入烧杯中,按照试验设计的投加量加入粉煤灰基沸石;②采用超声装置使粉煤灰基沸石在溶液中完全散开;③将上述烧杯置于磁力搅拌器上吸附一定时间;④待试验完成,吸取烧杯中的溶液,并采用0.45 μm滤膜进行过滤;⑤将烧杯置于磁力搅拌器上进行2 h的吸附试验,移取吸附后的溶液后用等离子体光电直读光谱仪测定溶液中铜离子剩余质量浓度;⑥按式(1)计算粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子的去除率。影响粉煤灰吸附铜离子的因素包括pH值、溶液初始质量浓度、吸附时间和温度等。
采用XRF衍射仪测定了粉煤灰基沸石化学成分,结果如表1所示。由表1可知,该粉煤灰基沸石中CaO、Fe2O3及K2O质量分数较少,SiO2、Al2O3和Na2O质量分数较高,说明该粉煤灰基沸石纯度较高。
使用低温氮气吸附/脱附法研究粉煤灰基沸石的微观结构,得到粉煤灰基沸石的氮气吸附/脱附等温线和孔径分布曲线如图1所示。由图1(a)可知,粉煤灰基沸石氮气吸附/脱附曲线具有滞后环,这是由于在试验过程中氮气会在粉煤灰基沸石孔隙中产生毛细管凝聚现象。由图1(b)可知,该粉煤灰基沸石孔径主要分布在0.8~1.5 nm之间。
该粉煤灰基沸石孔结构参数如下:比表面积为165.87 m2/g,总孔容积为0.135 cm3/g,平均孔径为3.21 nm。
粉煤灰基沸石的XRD图谱如图2所示。XRD图谱中最强衍射峰位于2θ=26.8°处,衍射峰型规则尖锐,非晶态峰和其他杂峰较少,说明合成的粉煤灰基沸石品质较高。
红外光谱的吸收峰形状、位置和强度取决于物质的分子结构,可以表征化学键进而表征分子结构,识别化合物结构中的官能团。粉煤灰基沸石的红外光谱如图3所示。在波数3 491 cm-1处出现的吸收峰可能是O—H键伸缩振动引起的;在波数1 812 cm-1处出现的吸收峰可能是O—H键弯曲振动引起的;在波数1 609 cm-1处出现的吸收峰可能是Si—O—Si键不对称伸缩振动引起的;在波数1 197 cm-1处出现的吸收峰可能是Si—O—Si键对称伸缩振动引起的;在波数928和697 cm-1处出现的吸收峰可能是O—Si—O键弯曲振动引起的;在波数791 cm-1处出现的吸收峰可能是—OH伸缩振动引起的。
pH值为8,溶液中氨氮化物初始质量浓度为150 mg/L,吸附时间0.6 h,粉煤灰基沸石投入量对氨氮化物去除率的影响如图4所示。首先随着粉煤灰基沸石投入量增大,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物去除率增大;粉煤灰基沸石投入量超过8 g/L后去除率趋于稳定。这是由于粉煤灰基沸石投入量增大,其表面吸附位数量增多,增加了溶液中氨氮化物与吸附位的接触概率,去除率增大;但溶液中氨氮化物数量是一定的,单位质量沸石对氨氮的吸附量受限且沸石在溶液中容易出现团聚现象,故继续增大粉煤灰基沸石投入量,氨氮化物的去除率基本不变。从去除效果考虑,适宜的粉煤灰基沸石投入量为8 g/L。
粉煤灰基沸石投入量为8 g/L,其他条件不变,pH值对氨氮化物去除率的影响如图5所示。随着pH值增大,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且在pH值为8时去除率达到峰值。这是由于H+会与NH4+形成竞争关系,占据粉煤灰基沸石表面的活性吸附点位,pH值越小,溶液中H+越多,占据的活性吸附点位越多,导致粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物去除率不高。溶液中OH-过多时,氨氮化物以水合氨分子形式存在于溶液中,粉煤灰基沸石吸附水合氨分子的效果要优于NH4+,此时粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除率下降。从去除效果考虑,适宜的pH值为8。
pH值为8,其他条件不变,氨氮化物初始质量浓度对氨氮化物去除率的影响如图6所示。随着氨氮化物初始质量浓度增大,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除率不断减小,且在氨氮化物初始质量浓度150 mg/L时下降幅度开始增大。这是由于增大氨氮化物质量浓度使得离子交换和吸附质数量增多,粉煤灰基沸石投入量固定时,所能提供的吸附点位是固定的,吸附点位被NH4+占据后,剩余的NH4+只能游离在溶液中,造成粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除率下降。从去除效果考虑,适宜的氨氮化物初始质量浓度为150 mg/L。
氨氮化物初始质量浓度为150 mg/L,其他条件不变,吸附时间对氨氮化物去除率的影响如图7所示。随着吸附时间延长,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除率先增大,在吸附时间0.60 h后趋于稳定。这是由于初始吸附时溶液中NH4+与沸石内部NH4+质量浓度差大,且吸附点位数量很多,沸石可以快速吸附游离在溶液中的NH4+,但随着吸附时间延长,溶液中NH4+数量和沸石表面吸附点位数量均减少,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除率不再增大;当溶液中的NH4+被完全吸附后,粉煤灰基沸石与氨氮化物溶液之间出现吸附平衡和离子交换平衡的现象。从去除效果考虑,适宜的吸附时间为0.60 h。
溶液中铜离子初始质量浓度为200 mg/L,温度200 ℃,吸附时间对铜离子去除率的影响如图8所示。随着吸附时间延长,粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子的去除率增大,但吸附时间超过0.45 h后,去除率基本不变。这是由于较大的浓度差和充足的吸附点位使得铜离子被快速吸附在粉煤灰基沸石表面上,但铜离子自身带有正电荷,被吸附后会与游离在溶液中的正电荷铜离子相互排斥,使得粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子去除率下降。从去除效果考虑,适宜的吸附时间为0.45 h。
吸附时间0.45 h,其他条件不变,温度对铜离子去除率的影响如图9所示。随着温度升高,粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子的去除率先增大,温度超过200 ℃后去除率开始下降。这是由于升高温度有利于溶液中铜离子的快速运动,进而增加铜离子与粉煤灰基沸石表面吸附点位的接触次数;但随着温度持续升高,吸附点位数量逐渐被消耗,此时质量浓度差下降,粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子去除率开始下降。从去除效果考虑,适宜的温度为200 ℃。
温度200 ℃,其他条件不变,铜离子初始质量浓度对铜离子去除率的影响如图10所示。随着铜离子初始质量浓度增大,粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子的去除率不断减小,且在铜离子初始质量浓度200 mg/L时下降幅度开始增大。这是由于增大初始质量浓度,溶液中铜离子质量浓度增大,粉煤灰基沸石表面吸附点位周围的铜离子质量浓度也增大,较大的离子浓度差有利于吸附点位与离子的接触;但铜离子初始质量浓度持续增大,会不断消耗数量固定的吸附点位,导致粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子的去除率下降。从去除效果考虑,适宜的铜离子初始质量浓度为200 mg/L。
溶液中铜离子初始质量浓度为200 mg/L,其他条件不变,pH值对铜离子去除率的影响如图11所示。随着pH值增大,粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子的去除率先增大后趋于平缓。这是由于氢离子比铜离子更容易占据粉煤灰基沸石表面的吸附点位,氢离子浓度越高,所占据的吸附点位数量越多,粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子的去除率减小;随着pH值增大,溶液内部氢离子数量不断减小,氢氧根离子数量逐渐增多,但氢氧根离子不会与铜离子形成竞争关系,且氢氧根离子使得粉煤灰基沸石表面的质子数下降,进而产生更多的静电吸附位点,使得粉煤灰基沸石对铜离子去除率增大。从去除效果考虑,适宜的pH值为8。
吸附铜离子前后粉煤灰基沸石的XRD图谱如图12所示。吸附铜离子前后粉煤灰基沸石XRD图谱并无明显变化,说明吸附铜离子后,铜离子对粉煤灰基沸石的晶体结构破坏不明显,侧面证明了该吸附过程为物理吸附。
吸附铜离子前后粉煤灰基沸石的红外光谱如图13所示。吸附铜离子前后粉煤灰基沸石红外光谱并未发生较大变化,没有出现新的吸收峰,仅仅只是个别吸收峰发生了偏移,说明吸附铜离子之后粉煤灰基沸石内部晶体结构仍是完整的。波数791 cm-1处发生微弱的偏移可能是质量较大的铜离子代替粉煤灰基沸石内部质量小的离子后铜离子与O—H键发生作用引起的极性变化。由吸附前后粉煤灰基沸石的红外光谱可知,该吸附过程是一个物理吸附过程。
粉煤灰基沸石为四面体结构,该结构自身可以产生一定量的负电荷,可以与废水溶液中的正电荷相互交换产生补偿机制,在一定范围内,粉煤灰基沸石可能具有可逆的离子交换性能;同时,四面体结构自身又具有丰富的三维空间架状,使得粉煤灰基沸石内部有大量孔道,游离在溶液中的离子和氨氮化物可以进入孔道,吸附在粉煤灰基沸石孔道内壁上。因此,粉煤灰基沸石具有良好的吸附能力。
合成的粉煤灰基沸石具有较大的比表面积和大量内部孔道,使其成为一种合格的吸附剂。通过文献调研可知,粉煤灰基沸石内部微观颗粒受力是均匀和对称的,使得微观颗粒可以较为均匀地分布在平衡状态的力场中,但粉煤灰基沸石表面微观颗粒受力却是不对称的,这是由于粉煤灰基沸石表面具有一定的剩余表面自由能,该自由能会在其表面形成一种吸附力场,使得粉煤灰基沸石对溶液游离的离子具有吸附作用。粉煤灰基沸石具有一定的比表面积且能够产生一定色散力,因而对氨氮化物以及铜离子具有吸附能力。同时,粉煤灰基沸石自身带有负电荷,该负电荷会产生较大的静电力,在粉煤灰基沸石周围形成电场,使得粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物及铜离子存在优先选择吸附作用。
在沸石内部有很多空穴和孔道,可为离子吸附提供吸附点位[14]。沸石内部的铝氧四面体结构使得沸石骨架带负电荷,通过与金属阳离子的正电荷相互中和,达到离子吸附的效果;而它自身表面所具有的表面自由能可以在吸附点位附近产生吸附力场,粉煤灰基沸石对液体和气体具有吸附作用。以离子半径分析pH值对去除率的影响,H+的离子半径远小于NH4+的离子半径,使得H+更容易进入沸石内部结构中,在碱性环境下,氨氮化物主要以水合氨分子形态存在,该分子半径较大,使其较难进入沸石内部结构,因而粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的去除效果较差。因此,粉煤灰基沸石对氨氮化物的吸附是离子交换和物理吸附共同作用的结果。
1)粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子前后XRD图谱并无明显变化,说明粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子后,铜离子并未破坏粉煤灰基沸石的晶体结构;从吸附前后粉煤灰基沸石红外光谱可知,吸附过程是物理吸附过程。
2)从去除效果考虑,粉煤灰基沸石吸附铜离子的适宜条件为:pH值为8,溶液中铜离子初始质量浓度200 mg/L,吸附时间0.45 h,温度200 ℃。粉煤灰基沸石吸附氨氮化物的适宜条件为:粉煤灰基沸石投入量8 g/L,pH值为8,吸附时间0.60 h,溶液中氨氮化物初始质量浓度150 mg/L。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.049
  • 接收时间:2024-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-20
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    长治职业技术学院,山西 长治 046000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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