Article(id=1241081034008220281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710950400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773826376677, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1722441600000, pubDateStr=2024-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773826376677, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773826376677, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773826376677, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241081025531540408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773826374657, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827517159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241085817590960730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241085817590960731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241081035799188143, articleId=1241081034008220281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Synthesis of High-Performance Silicon-Carbon Anode Materials with Silicon Extracted from Blast Furnace Slag for Lithium-Ion Batteries, columnId=1241081026567533498, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=SPECIAL ISSUE: BATTERY MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With silicon material (BFSi) extracted from blast furnace slag as silicon source and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as carbon source, a kind of silicon-carbon anode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized. And the influence of ratio of silicon to polyacrylonitrile on the BFSi@C material was investigated. Results show that BFSi@C synthesized with BFSi and PAN in a mass ratio of 3∶1 delivers an initial charge capacity of 1 884.99 mAh/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. After 100 cycles, it still delivers a specific charge capacity of 1 509.32 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 80.07%. Moreover, it presents excellent rate performance at high current densities. Compared with commercial silicon materials, BFSi@C demonstrates higher cycle capacity and superior rate performance, delivering a specific capacity up to 538.31 mAh/g at a current density of 5 A/g.

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以高炉渣中提取的硅材料BFSi为硅源、聚丙烯腈(PAN)为碳源制备锂离子电池硅碳负极材料,研究了硅与聚丙烯腈的配比对BFSi@C材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明:BFSi与PAN质量比3∶1时制备的BFSi@C样品在0.5 A/g电流密度下初始充电比容量为1 884.99 mAh/g,经过100次循环后,充电比容量仍有1 509.32 mAh/g,容量保持率为80.07%;在高电流密度下,BFSi@C材料表现出优异的倍率性能。与商业硅材料相比,BFSi@C具有更高的循环容量和更好的倍率性能,在5 A/g电流密度下比容量高达538.31 mAh/g。

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赵俊楷(1991—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源电池体系及关键材料的设计开发。E-mail:
俞娟(1983—),女,陕西西安人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿物电池材料,冶金固废高值化利用。E-mail:
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刘思名(1999—),男,吉林吉林人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为固废回收及硅基负极材料。E-mail:

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刘思名(1999—),男,吉林吉林人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为固废回收及硅基负极材料。E-mail:

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(a)XRD;(b)SEM;(c),(d)元素Mapping图

, figureFileSmall=rLxCuphbe4Kwu51av54wfQ==, figureFileBig=NTHjCEfqCEfKPwn4XxyhVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081046750515657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081034008220281, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yMMcgzyuoYcEtBZeKt3wbw==, figureFileBig=kTYw+2EF52QM2gOQpPkGoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081048281436634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081034008220281, language=CN, label=图2, caption=BFSi物相分析结果

(a)XRD;(b)SEM;(c)拉曼光谱

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(a)拉曼光谱图;(b)局部放大图

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(a)循环性能图;(b)~(f)不同BFSi和PAN质量比制备的样品充放电曲线

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(a)倍率性能;(b)EIS曲线

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(a)BFSi@C;(b)P-Si@C

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(a)循环性能;(b)倍率性能;(c)EIS;(d)Zreω-1/2低频区域线性关系

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SiO2CaOAl2O3MgOFe2O3TiO2其他
31.2539.8414.969.220.551.352.83
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高炉渣化学成分组成(质量分数)

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SiO2CaOAl2O3MgOFe2O3TiO2其他
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高炉渣提取硅制备高性能锂离子电池硅碳负极材料的研究
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刘思名 , 赵俊楷 , 孟必成 , 张豪 , 田文鑫 , 俞娟
矿冶工程杂志 | 电池材料专题 2024,44(4): 54-60
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矿冶工程杂志 | 电池材料专题 2024, 44(4): 54-60
高炉渣提取硅制备高性能锂离子电池硅碳负极材料的研究
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刘思名 , 赵俊楷 , 孟必成, 张豪, 田文鑫, 俞娟
作者信息
  • 西安建筑科技大学 冶金工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 刘思名(1999—),男,吉林吉林人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为固废回收及硅基负极材料。E-mail:

通讯作者:

赵俊楷(1991—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源电池体系及关键材料的设计开发。E-mail:
俞娟(1983—),女,陕西西安人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿物电池材料,冶金固废高值化利用。E-mail:
Synthesis of High-Performance Silicon-Carbon Anode Materials with Silicon Extracted from Blast Furnace Slag for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Siming LIU , Junkai ZHAO , Bicheng MENG, Hao ZHANG, Wenxin TIAN, Juan YU
Affiliations
  • School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2024-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.010
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以高炉渣中提取的硅材料BFSi为硅源、聚丙烯腈(PAN)为碳源制备锂离子电池硅碳负极材料,研究了硅与聚丙烯腈的配比对BFSi@C材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明:BFSi与PAN质量比3∶1时制备的BFSi@C样品在0.5 A/g电流密度下初始充电比容量为1 884.99 mAh/g,经过100次循环后,充电比容量仍有1 509.32 mAh/g,容量保持率为80.07%;在高电流密度下,BFSi@C材料表现出优异的倍率性能。与商业硅材料相比,BFSi@C具有更高的循环容量和更好的倍率性能,在5 A/g电流密度下比容量高达538.31 mAh/g。

高炉渣  /  硅材料  /  聚丙烯腈  /  锂离子电池  /  硅碳负极  /  电化学性能

With silicon material (BFSi) extracted from blast furnace slag as silicon source and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as carbon source, a kind of silicon-carbon anode material for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized. And the influence of ratio of silicon to polyacrylonitrile on the BFSi@C material was investigated. Results show that BFSi@C synthesized with BFSi and PAN in a mass ratio of 3∶1 delivers an initial charge capacity of 1 884.99 mAh/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. After 100 cycles, it still delivers a specific charge capacity of 1 509.32 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 80.07%. Moreover, it presents excellent rate performance at high current densities. Compared with commercial silicon materials, BFSi@C demonstrates higher cycle capacity and superior rate performance, delivering a specific capacity up to 538.31 mAh/g at a current density of 5 A/g.

blast furnace slag  /  silicon material  /  polyacrylonitrile  /  lithium-ion battery  /  silicon-carbon anode  /  electrochemical performance
刘思名, 赵俊楷, 孟必成, 张豪, 田文鑫, 俞娟. 高炉渣提取硅制备高性能锂离子电池硅碳负极材料的研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (4) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.010
Siming LIU, Junkai ZHAO, Bicheng MENG, Hao ZHANG, Wenxin TIAN, Juan YU. Synthesis of High-Performance Silicon-Carbon Anode Materials with Silicon Extracted from Blast Furnace Slag for Lithium-Ion Batteries[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (4) : 54 -60 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.010
高炉渣是炼铁副产物,主要含CaO、SiO、Al2O3、MgO等成分及少量硫化物。高炉渣产量庞大,对生态环境造成严重污染[1]。据统计,2021年全球高炉渣产量达5.839亿吨[2],其主要利用方式是制作水泥,作为混凝土添加剂,用作陶瓷、农用肥料、微晶玻璃及建筑材料等[3-7]。因其附加值低,在冶金工业中常被忽视。开发高炉渣的新应用方式,提升其价值,是当务之急。
高炉渣中硅元素质量分数很高,达到了20%~40%。硅在新能源领域有广阔应用前景,特别是作为锂离子电池的电极材料,因其理论比容量高(4 200 mAh/g),被视为很有应用前景的高能量密度储能材料的候选者[8]。有研究者[9-11]利用原生材料如海洋黏土矿物、金刚石切割废料、硅藻土等制备硅碳负极材料,可降低负极成本。从高炉渣中提取硅元素并制备锂离子电池硅碳负极材料,使高炉渣成为硅基材料的潜在来源,可以实现高炉渣的高值化利用[12-13]
本文以高炉渣为原料,湿法提取二氧化硅,通过铝热还原法制备硅材料(BFSi);再以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为碳源,制备BFSi@C负极材料。探究了BFSi与PAN配比对BFSi@C负极材料电化学性能的影响,并与商业硅制备的硅碳负极材料P-Si@C相比,评估BFSi@C的电化学性能。
实验材料包括高炉渣(河北钢铁厂,粒径50 μm)、铝粉(纯度99%,粒径50 μm)、锂片(科路得,直径16 mm)、泡沫镍(科路得,厚度1.5 mm)、单光铜箔(科路得,厚度9 μm)。
实验试剂包括聚丙烯腈(PAN)、导电碳黑(Super P)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、盐酸(HCl)、氢氟酸(HF),均为分析纯。实验用水为去离子水。
主要实验设备包括数控超声波清洗机、真空干燥箱、管式炉、自动涂布机、真空手套箱等。
使用碱浸出高炉渣[14],浸出条件为:碱质量浓度380 g/L,浸出温度90 ℃,浸出时间50 min。随后使用酸溶液调节浸出液pH值至9,获得硅元素的沉淀;将沉淀物洗涤干燥得到SiO2。按SiO2与Al质量比2∶3、Al与AlCl3质量比1∶10称量,混合均匀后放入反应釜,在管式炉氩气氛围下280 ℃进行铝热还原,反应时间16 h[15]。反应结束后,用HCl和HF洗涤产物,洗涤后的产物在真空烘箱中干燥,得到BFSi。
将BFSi与PAN、Super P和PVDF混合(总质量0.1 g),使用DMF为溶剂,在超声仪器中超声4 h,将超声后的浆料使用120 μm的刮刀涂覆在铜箔上,在真空烘箱中烘干6 h。之后在管式炉内氩气氛围下,先以1 ℃/min升温至200 ℃,保温2 h;再以1 ℃/min升温至400 ℃,保温2 h,之后随炉冷却至室温得到BFSi@C负极材料[16-17]。将负极材料裁剪成直径8 mm的小型圆极片(活性物质负载量0.84 mg/cm2),在真空手套箱中组装成CR2025扣式电池。
采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF,PANalytical Axios)分析高炉渣的元素组成。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD,Rint-2000,Rigaku Corp,Japan)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM,Gemini 500,Zeiss)和能谱仪(EDS,UltimMax100,OXFORD)分析样品物相、形貌、晶体结构。
循环性能测试:使用恒电流充放电测试方式,电流密度500 mA/g,电压范围0.01~1 V。
倍率性能测试:使用恒电流充放电测试方式,在电流密度0.1 A/g、0.2 A/g、0.3 A/g、0.5 A/g、1.0 A/g、2.0 A/g、3.0 A/g和5.0 A/g下进行7次充放电测试。
电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试:振幅5 mV,频率0.01~100 000 Hz,电压区间0.01~1 mV,扫描速率0.1 mV/s。
循环伏安(CV)测试:电压区间0.01~1 V,扫描速率0.1 mV/s。
高炉渣粉XRF检测结果如表1所示。可以看出,高炉渣中含有丰富的SiO2、CaO和Al2O3,它们的质量分数达到了86.05%。此外,在高炉渣中还存在少量Ti、Fe、Mn等金属元素。通过碱浸出高炉渣,提取其中SiO2,作为后续实验原料。
从高炉渣中提取的SiO2物相检测结果见图1。从图1(a)可以看出:在2θ=15°~30°间有一个宽峰,这是无定形SiO2的特征峰;在2θ为36°、45°和67°附近有3个属于Al2O3的峰。从图1(b)可以看到,SiO2样品整体均匀分散,但也观察到部分析出物出现粘连和团聚现象,这是在沉淀过程中一部分Si形成H2SiO3,导致无定形SiO2析出,这种沉淀物表现出胶体特性,导致颗粒吸附和团聚。SiO2的元素Mapping图显示,没有元素的聚集现象。
图2为BFSi的物相分析结果。由图2(a)可见,BFSi的衍射峰位于2θ=27.1°、28.4°、39.6°、47.8°、56.6°和76.4°附近,对应Si晶格面(100)、(002)、(102)、(110)、(112)和(210);还有一部分强度比较弱的峰为SiOx,这可能是还原不完全或在洗涤后干燥过程中氧化造成的。由图2(b)可见,BFSi由不规则的聚集体组成,这些聚集体基本上由片状的Si逐层堆叠而成。这些片状的Si尺寸较小,而且堆叠很松散,在后续制备硅碳负极材料的过程中,可以通过超声处理将其破碎成更小尺寸的Si。由图2(c)可知:在507.1 cm-1处有一个强度很高的主峰,这个峰表明有结晶硅的Si—Si键存在;在294.39 cm-1和937.34 cm-1处存在两个强度比较弱的峰,分别代表非晶硅的Si—Si键和Si—O键。铝热还原法制得的BFSi样品中除了Si外还有少量SiOx,与XRD测试结果一致。
按BFSi和PAN质量比1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1、5∶1制备的5个BFSi@C样品的XRD图谱如图3所示。由图3可见,在2θ=43.3°、50.4°、74.1°、89.9°处存在铜峰,铜是负载BFSi@C材料的集流体;在2θ=28.4°、47.3°、56.8°、76.4°处存在BFSi的峰,且随着BFSi占比升高,BFSi的峰增强;在2θ=13°处有一个宽峰,属于无定形碳的峰。BFSi@C与BFSi具有相同的峰位置,证明BFSi@C在复合过程中保持了其晶态。通过分析图谱还发现,没有明显的附加产物的峰,说明在材料整个合成过程中没有生成附加产物。
不同BFSi与PAN质量比制备的BFSi@C样品的拉曼光谱如图4所示。由图4可见,所有BFSi@C样品在507.1 cm-1处均存在Si峰;且在1 360 cm-1和1 590 cm-1附近均具有2个明显的峰,该区域是PAN碳化包覆BFSi表面形成的主要特征峰;通常用D峰和G峰强度的比值来表征碳材料的无序程度,从局部放大图可以计算出5个样品的ID/IG值分别为1.65(1∶1)、1.12(2∶1)、1.03(3∶1)、0.85(4∶1)、0.53(5∶1),ID/IG值越高表明无定形程度越高。在BFSi@C材料中,PAN比例增加,BFSi@C材料的石墨化程度降低,材料中无序的结构和缺陷增多,可以提供更多的活性位点,作为电荷存储的场所,并且缺陷非常有利于快速的电荷转移和离子扩散,因此,ID/IG值越大的BFSi@C材料在倍率测试中会表现出更优异的性能[18]
图5为不同BFSi与PAN质量比制备的BFSi@C样品的循环性能和充放电曲线。测试结果表明,5个BFSi@C样品的初始放电比容量分别为1381.02 mAh/g、1 802.82 mAh/g、2 530.36 mAh/g、2 865.31 mAh/g、3 420.77 mAh/g。循环100次后容量保持率为89.56%、75.74%、80.07%、72.72%、65.93%。BFSi和PAN质量比1∶1样品中BFSi质量较少,材料容量较低;BFSi和PAN质量比4∶1和5∶1样品中,BFSi质量过多,PAN无法全部包覆在BFSi表面,无法限制大量BFSi颗粒的体积膨胀,造成电极粉化暴露在电解液中,与电解液直接接触,使固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)不断加厚,内阻不断变大,容量快速下降,最终导致容量保持率很低。由图5(b)~(f)可以看出,在充放电曲线中,在0.1 V以下存在明显放电平台,这是由于Si的合金化过程中,Li+首次嵌入Si中形成LixSi合金[19-20]。在充电过程中,Li+从合金相中脱出,为去合金化过程,对应于0.4~0.6 V的电压平台。从充放电曲线可以看出,BFSi和PAN质量比3∶1样品的充放电曲线重合度较高,充放电平台电压比较稳定,容量保持率也较高。
不同BFSi与PAN质量比制备的BFSi@C样品的倍率性能和EIS测试结果见图6。从图6(a)可以看出,随着电流密度增加,所有样品的充电比容量都不同程度地降低。电流密度0.1 A/g时,5个样品的充电比容量分别为1 134.34 mAh/g、1 624.66 mAh/g、2131.82 mAh/g、2 296.04 mAh/g、2 829.98 mAh/g。电流密度增大到5.0 A/g时,充电比容量分别为230.26 mAh/g、404.54 mAh/g、538.31 mAh/g、433.65 mAh/g、336.94 mAh/g。电流密度恢复到0.1 A/g时,充电比容量分别为1 050.83 mAh/g、1 414.44 mAh/g、2 017.34 mAh/g、2 033.85 mAh/g、1 963.38 mAh/g。可以看出,BFSi和PAN质量比3∶1的样品在电流密度5.0 A/g下仍具有538.31 mAh/g的充电比容量,且具有比较强的恢复能力,可以满足大电流密度下的充放电要求。
图6(b)可以看出,EIS曲线由一个半圆加一条斜线组成,分别代表电荷转移阻抗和(Rct)和锂离子扩散阻抗(ZW),直线斜率越大,表示锂离子扩散阻抗越小。如其中等效电路图所示,CPEI代表双电层电容。通过等效电路图拟合可计算出Rct。5个样品对应的电极拟合后的Rct值分别为117.20 Ω、99.76 Ω、88.67 Ω、107.80 Ω、140.20 Ω。BFSi和PAN质量比3∶1的BFSi@C样品电荷转移阻抗最低、倍率性能最好,与倍率性能测试结果一致。
使用商业硅(Pi-S)为原料,以相同的方式与PAN复合,制备P-Si@C样品,对比2种材料的电化学性能,2种材料前3个循环的CV曲线见图7。第1个阳极扫描循环中,0.6~0.7 V有一个明显的还原峰,对应SEI膜形成,而在随后的循环中这个还原峰消失,这是不可逆的副反应。在0.02 V处有一个很强的还原峰,0.2 V处有较弱的还原峰,这两个峰均对应硅的锂化过程。在0.38 V和0.52 V存在2个明显的氧化峰,对应硅的脱锂过程。在前3个循环中,特征峰的强度不断增加,说明活性物质增多,形成了稳定的SEI膜。在第1个循环中可以发现阳极电流比阴极电流低很多,表明有一部分锂没有脱出,这是因为电解液的分解消耗了部分电荷,导致不可逆容量的产生。后续循环中,阳极电流渐渐增大,阴极电流减小,说明锂离子的脱出和嵌入量逐渐接近。计算图中第3圈的CV曲线面积,BFSi@C和P-Si@C样品的CV曲线面积分别为0.73和0.70,说明BFSi@C材料在循环中的容量大于P-Si@C材料。
图8为BFSi@C与P-Si@C样品的电化学性能对比。从图8(a)可以看出,BFSi@C与P-Si@C首次充电比容量分别为1 884.99 mAh/g和1 821.35 mAh/g,循环100次后,对应的充电比容量分别为1 509.28 mAh/g和1 440.46 mAh/g,容量保持率分别为80.07%和79.01%。BFSi@C中存在一部分SiO,SiO具有比纯硅更好的循环寿命,所以BFSi@C的容量保持率更高[21-22]。从图8(b)可以看出,BFSi@C和P-Si@C在电流密度0.1 A/g下的充电比容量分别为2 131.82 mAh/g和2 091.82 mAh/g;电流密度增加到5.0 A/g时,对应的充电比容量分别为538.31 mAh/g和336.87 mAh/g,可以看出,大电流密度下BFSi@C具有更高的充电比容量;电流密度恢复到0.1 A/g时,BFSi@C和P-Si@C的充电比容量分别为2 017.34 mAh/g和1 940.35 mAh/g,BFSi@C具有更强的恢复能力,可以满足大电流密度下的充放电要求。
图8(c)可以看出,BFSi@C和P-Si@C电极通过拟合电路拟合后的Rct值分别为88.67 Ω和91.49 Ω。根据EIS测试中低频区数据,可通过式(1)~(2)计算电极的锂离子扩散系数D(Li+),用来研究电极的动力学行为。
图8(d)可以看出,2种材料的Zreω-1/2呈正相关关系。
式中:ω为角频率;R为气体常数,R=8.314 J/(mol·K);σ为Warburg系数,通过Zreω-1/2的线性拟合求得;T为绝对温度,T=298.15 K;A为电极有效接触面积,A=0.5 cm2n为转移电子;F为法拉第常数,F=96 485 C/mol;C为计算得出的电极中锂离子浓度,C=1.11×10-6 mol/mL。
计算得出BFSi@C和P-Si@C的D(Li+)分别为2.310 25×10-6 cm2/s和1.120 03×10-6 cm2/s,可以看出,BFSi@C具有更大的锂离子扩散速率[24]
1)通过碱法提取高炉渣中的二氧化硅,然后经铝热还原使其转化为硅。以PAN为碳源,与BFSi复合制备BFSi@C硅碳负极材料,在BFSi和PAN质量比3∶1条件下制备的BFSi@C材料在电流密度0.5 A/g下循环100次后,可逆比容量仍有1 509.32 mAh/g,容量保持率80.07%,表现出优异的电化学性能。
2)与商业硅材料P-Si@C相比,BFSi@C具有更强的恢复能力、更低的电荷转移阻抗和更高的锂离子扩散系数;电流密度0.5 A/g下循环100次后,BFSi@C和P-Si@C容量保持率分别为80.07%和79.01%。BFSi@C表现出更高的循环容量和更好的倍率性能。
3)BFSi@C材料具有优异的电化学性能,证明以高炉渣为原料制备高性能锂离子电池负极材料是可行的。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52374358)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2023-JC-QN-0436)
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2024年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.010
  • 接收时间:2024-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-21
基金
国家自然科学基金(52374358)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2023-JC-QN-0436)
作者信息
    西安建筑科技大学 冶金工程学院,陕西 西安 710055

通讯作者:

赵俊楷(1991—),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源电池体系及关键材料的设计开发。E-mail:
俞娟(1983—),女,陕西西安人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为矿物电池材料,冶金固废高值化利用。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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