Article(id=1241081033685266618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708617600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773826376601, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1722441600000, pubDateStr=2024-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773826376601, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773826376601, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773826376601, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241081025531540408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773826374657, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827517159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241085817590960730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241085817590960731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=159, endPage=163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241081035069386966, articleId=1241081033685266618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Blasting Vibration Prediction Based on Novel HGS-ANN Model, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the combination of the hunger games search (HGS) algorithm and the artificial neural network (ANN), a new hybrid model of HGS-ANN was developed to predict blasting vibration. Four different prediction models were established based on group method of data handling (GMDH), support vector machines (SVM), ANN and Sadov's empirical formula, and compared with HGS-ANN model in evaluating the performance of models. For this purpose, 32 sets of blasting data of an open-pit mine were collected.7 independent variables, including detonation distance, maximum single-stage charge, total charge, burden, hole spacing, number of holes and hole depth were selected as inputs, while the particle vibration velocity was selected as the output. With the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the decisive factor (R2) as the evaluating indicators, the established models was compared in terms of their performances. The results show that the HGS-ANN model, with the RMSE and R2 of 0.833 and 0.963, respectively, has performance better than the other four models. It is proposed that the HGS-ANN model can be used as an auxiliary tool to optimize the blasting design for reducing the blasting-induced seismic effect.

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将饥饿游戏搜索算法(HGS)与神经网络算法(ANN)相结合,开发了一种新的混合模型HGS-ANN,用来预测爆破振动。分别基于数据分组处理方法(GMDH)、支持向量机(SVM)、神经网络算法(ANN)以及萨道夫斯基经验公式建立了4种不同预测模型,并与HGS-ANN模型进行对比,评估模型性能。从某露天矿山收集了32组爆破数据,选择爆心距、最大单段药量、总药量、抵抗线、孔距、孔数、孔深等7个自变量作为输入参数,选择质点振动速度作为输出参数,以均方根误差(RMSE)和决定性系数(R2)作为模型性能评价指标,对所建立的模型性能进行对比。结果表明,HGS-ANN模型的RMSE和R2分别为0.833和0.963,性能优于其他4种模型。HGS-ANN模型可以作为一个辅助工具来优化爆破设计,降低爆破地震效应。

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徐国权(1983—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为爆破智能化、应用人工智能。E-mail:
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王鑫瑀(1983—),男,吉林晖春人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为采矿工程。E-mail:

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统计参数自变量因变量
爆心距/m最大单段药量/kg总药量/kg抵抗线/m孔距/m孔数孔深/mPPV/(mm·s-1
最大值1 400.00475.008 880.008.009.0075.0019.5019.609
最小值50.0085.761 840.003.004.0014.006.300.197
中位数675.00347.557 180.006.007.5027.0018.252.794
均值704.00303.376 187.815.886.8935.1314.243.660
标准差385.64144.042 659.491.671.6920.405.903.810
), ArticleFig(id=1241081053918589249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081033685266618, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数据汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计参数自变量因变量
爆心距/m最大单段药量/kg总药量/kg抵抗线/m孔距/m孔数孔深/mPPV/(mm·s-1
最大值1 400.00475.008 880.008.009.0075.0019.5019.609
最小值50.0085.761 840.003.004.0014.006.300.197
中位数675.00347.557 180.006.007.5027.0018.252.794
均值704.00303.376 187.815.886.8935.1314.243.660
标准差385.64144.042 659.491.671.6920.405.903.810
), ArticleFig(id=1241081054031835466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081033685266618, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型名称训练阶段测试阶段
R2RMSER2RMSE
萨道夫斯基0.8884.0660.8591.510
HGS-ANN0.9850.4870.9630.833
GMDH0.9830.5220.9410.978
ANN0.9720.8560.9061.252
SVM0.9471.4150.9430.915
), ArticleFig(id=1241081054153470290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081033685266618, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型性能对比结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型名称训练阶段测试阶段
R2RMSER2RMSE
萨道夫斯基0.8884.0660.8591.510
HGS-ANN0.9850.4870.9630.833
GMDH0.9830.5220.9410.978
ANN0.9720.8560.9061.252
SVM0.9471.4150.9430.915
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基于HGS-ANN混合模型的爆破振动预测
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王鑫瑀 1 , 曹鹏飞 1 , 肖一清 1 , 徐国权 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024,44(4): 159-163
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024, 44(4): 159-163
基于HGS-ANN混合模型的爆破振动预测
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王鑫瑀1 , 曹鹏飞1, 肖一清1, 徐国权2
作者信息
  • 1.河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司,河北 唐山 063000
  • 2.东华理工大学 地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330000
  • 王鑫瑀(1983—),男,吉林晖春人,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为采矿工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

徐国权(1983—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为爆破智能化、应用人工智能。E-mail:
Blasting Vibration Prediction Based on Novel HGS-ANN Model
Xinyu WANG1 , Pengfei CAO1, Yiqing XIAO1, Guoquan XU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Hebei Iron & Steel Group Mining Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
  • 2.School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China
出版时间: 2024-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.030
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将饥饿游戏搜索算法(HGS)与神经网络算法(ANN)相结合,开发了一种新的混合模型HGS-ANN,用来预测爆破振动。分别基于数据分组处理方法(GMDH)、支持向量机(SVM)、神经网络算法(ANN)以及萨道夫斯基经验公式建立了4种不同预测模型,并与HGS-ANN模型进行对比,评估模型性能。从某露天矿山收集了32组爆破数据,选择爆心距、最大单段药量、总药量、抵抗线、孔距、孔数、孔深等7个自变量作为输入参数,选择质点振动速度作为输出参数,以均方根误差(RMSE)和决定性系数(R2)作为模型性能评价指标,对所建立的模型性能进行对比。结果表明,HGS-ANN模型的RMSE和R2分别为0.833和0.963,性能优于其他4种模型。HGS-ANN模型可以作为一个辅助工具来优化爆破设计,降低爆破地震效应。

爆破振动  /  饥饿游戏搜索算法  /  神经网络  /  振动预测

Based on the combination of the hunger games search (HGS) algorithm and the artificial neural network (ANN), a new hybrid model of HGS-ANN was developed to predict blasting vibration. Four different prediction models were established based on group method of data handling (GMDH), support vector machines (SVM), ANN and Sadov's empirical formula, and compared with HGS-ANN model in evaluating the performance of models. For this purpose, 32 sets of blasting data of an open-pit mine were collected.7 independent variables, including detonation distance, maximum single-stage charge, total charge, burden, hole spacing, number of holes and hole depth were selected as inputs, while the particle vibration velocity was selected as the output. With the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the decisive factor (R2) as the evaluating indicators, the established models was compared in terms of their performances. The results show that the HGS-ANN model, with the RMSE and R2 of 0.833 and 0.963, respectively, has performance better than the other four models. It is proposed that the HGS-ANN model can be used as an auxiliary tool to optimize the blasting design for reducing the blasting-induced seismic effect.

blasting vibration  /  hunger games search algorithm  /  artificial neural network  /  vibration prediction
王鑫瑀, 曹鹏飞, 肖一清, 徐国权. 基于HGS-ANN混合模型的爆破振动预测. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (4) : 159 -163 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.030
Xinyu WANG, Pengfei CAO, Yiqing XIAO, Guoquan XU. Blasting Vibration Prediction Based on Novel HGS-ANN Model[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (4) : 159 -163 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.030
爆破地震效应是爆破工程师需要面对的基本问题之一[1-2]。过高的爆破振动不仅会影响附近居民的生产生活,还会引起矿区内建(构)筑物损伤。因此,工程实际中需要对爆破振动进行监测、预测和控制。其中,振动预测对降低爆破地震效应起着重要作用[3]
为了预测爆破振动,通常采用现场监测、经验模型和人工智能等方法来估计地面振动的质点峰值振动速度(PPV)[4-5]。大量实践证明,PPV是评估爆破振动安全最有效的指标之一。现场监测无疑是评估爆破振动的主要方法,但该方法较繁琐,需要花费较多的人力、物力,并消耗大量时间,产生较高费用。经验模型是矿山预测爆破振动常用手段之一,它具有简单、快速的特点;一般来说,大多数经验模型主要考虑两个基本参数:最大单段药量和爆心距,然而,爆破振动不仅受到上述两个因素的影响,岩石物理力学性质、炸药规格及爆破设计参数等都会对爆破振动产生不同程度的影响,因此,经验模型的预测精度有限。
为了克服经验模型的局限性,近年来研究人员将关注重点集中到人工智能和机器学习领域。神经网络(ANN)是研究人员青睐的爆破振动预测方法之一,然而,ANN也存在一些问题,比如容易陷入局部最小值和学习速度慢。近年来兴起的一些优化算法具有较高的搜索能力,有助于确定ANN的权值和偏差,从而提高ANN的预测效率和准确性。本文采用饥饿游戏搜索算法(HGS)对ANN进行优化,选择7个自变量作为输入变量建立HGS-ANN模型对爆破振动进行预测,并将其与数据分组处理方法(GMDH)、支持向量机(SVM)、神经网络(ANN)和萨道夫斯基公式等方法预测结果进行比较。
在某露天矿收集了32组爆破振动数据[6],数据集共包含8个参数,分别为爆心距、最大单段药量、总药量、抵抗线、孔距、孔数、孔深和质点峰值振动速度(PPV)。对收集的数据进行统计、分析并汇总,如表1所示。
对收集到的数据进行可视化,如图1所示。图中给出了自变量和因变量之间的相关性。结果表明,该数据集所有自变量与PPV的相关性均较低。出现这种情况可能是由于本次研究所使用的数据量有限,无法真实反映自变量和因变量之间的关系。因此选择所有自变量作为输入变量来评估其对爆破振动的影响。
人工神经网络是当前流行的机器学习方法之一。人工神经网络的灵感来源于大脑的结构,通过建立数学模型来模拟生物大脑的工作模式。神经网络通常包括3层:输入层、隐藏层和输出层。其具体功能可以解释为:
输入变量经由每个神经元汇集到输入层,并以输入向量的形式表示:
接下来,输入向量扩展到隐藏层,其传播规律可表示为:
式中:N为网络中神经元数量;wji为输入层神经元j和隐藏层神经元i之间的连接权值;bi为阈值与神经元i相关。
假设神经元i的激活状态是网络输入向量,则网络输出可表示为:
相应地,式(4)~(5)可用于确定输出层中任意神经元k的激活状态:
式中:L为隐藏层中神经元的数量;wik为隐藏层神经元i和输出层神经元k之间的连接权值;bk为阈值与神经元k相关。
输出神经元的误差项可表示为:
式中:dkyk分别为目标输出和真实输出。
神经网络训练结束时,会调整到以前的值。反之,通过调整之前的误差范围,重复算法,直到获得预期的误差[7]
HGS算法[8]是一种智能优化算法。该算法结构简单,具有良好的稳定性,并在解决有约束和无约束问题方面展现出了很强的竞争力。算法模拟动物的行为和由饥饿驱动的活动。该算法遵循一个简单的概念,即“饥饿”是动物存活过程中行为、决定和活动的最根本原因。HGS算法包含两个阶段:第一阶段是接近食物,第二阶段为饥饿角色。
个体合作交流与觅食行为可以使用以下数学模型来表示:
式中:为介于[-aa]之间的随机数;r1r2均为0到1之间的随机数;randn(1)是一个满足正态分布的随机数;t表示当前迭代次数;表示饥饿权重;代表全局最优位置;为当前个体位置;常数l的值需要在参数设置阶段指定;E可通过下式计算得到:
式中:i∈1,2,…,nFi)表示每个个体的适应度值;FB为当前迭代过程中得到的最佳适应度值;sech为一个双曲线函数,
的计算公式为:
式中:Srand为0到1之间的随机数;Dmax表示最大迭代次数。
在搜索过程中,建立数学模型模拟个体的饥饿特性。
可以通过下式计算得到:
相应地,可以通过下式计算得到:
式中:hungry(i)表示每个个体的饥饿程度;N表示个体的数量;SHungry表示总的饥饿程度,是所有个体饥饿程度的和;r3r4r5均为0到1之间的随机数。
hungry(i)可表示为:
式中AllFitness(i)为当前迭代中每个个体的适应度值。H的计算公式为:
式中:rr6均为0到1之间的随机数;FW为当前迭代过程中获得的最差适应度值;BUBL分别为搜索空间的上界和下界;HLHT分别为饥饿感觉H的下界和上界。
首先,对所收集的数据进行标准化处理[9],将其映射到[-1,1]区间,以获得更快的收敛速度,同时便于不同输入变量能进行比较和加权:
式中:X1XmaxXmin分别为测量值,最大值和最小值。
接下来,整个数据集被随机分为两部分,其中70%的数据(22组)作为训练集,剩余30%的数据(10组)作为测试集。使用训练集构建初始神经网络模型,网络训练选择Levenberg-Marquardt反向传播算法,该算法能加快网络收敛速度,同时能保证结果的准确性。此外,输入层到隐藏层和隐藏层到输出层所使用的传递函数分别为tansig和purelin。选择单隐藏层,设置隐藏层神经元数量为10。
在神经网络中,权值和阈值通常是随机产生的,而这两个参数又是影响ANN模型预测准确性的核心参数。因此,确定权值和阈值的最优组合是神经网络模型建立过程中的主要任务。这里,运用HGS算法来解决这一问题,也就是通过HGS算法来优化ANN模型的权值和阈值。混合HGS-ANN模型的整体框架如图2所示。
为了评估所开发预测模型的性能,选择均方根误差(RMSE)和决定系数(R2)作为模型性能评价指标:
式中:ERMSE为均方根误差;N为所使用数据的数量;yayp分别为测量值和预测值;ymean为平均值。
开发了HGS-ANN模型用于预测爆破振动。同时,为了更好地评估HGS-ANN模型的性能,基于数据分组处理方法(GMDH)[10]、支持向量机(SVM)[11]和神经网络(ANN)三种软计算技术以及传统的萨道夫斯基经验公式,建立了4种不同的预测模型,并与HGS-ANN模型预测结果进行对比。均使用相同的训练集来建立模型,并使用相同的测试集来验证模型的性能。
对于上述模型的超参数,其中计算得到萨道夫斯基经验公式的参数Kb分别为758.58和1.29。ANN模型结构与HGS-ANN模型相同,均为7-10-1。SVM模型选择RBF核,超参数cg分别为5和2。GMDH最大层为4层,最大层神经元为20。
5种模型的性能对比结果见表2。可以看到,萨道夫斯基经验模型表现并不理想,预测性能明显低于软计算模型。HGS-ANN模型的性能优于其他3种软计算模型,HGS-ANN模型在训练和测试阶段具有最高的R2和最低的RMSE。GMDH模型在训练阶段的表现仅次于HGS-ANN模型,但在测试阶段表现不如SVM模型。SVM模型在训练阶段的表现在所有软计算模型中垫底,但在测试阶段表现出色,仅次于HGS-ANN模型。综合训练和测试阶段的表现,4种软计算技术模型从优到劣排序为:HGS-ANN模型,GMDH模型,SVM模型,ANN模型。经过HGS算法优化之后,ANN模型的性能明显得到了提升。
图3给出了4种软计算模型预测值和实际测量值之间的关系。总体来看,4种软计算模型预测结果与实际测量值均较为接近,其中HGS-ANN模型的预测结果是最接近测量值的。图4给出了模型预测值与测量值之间的误差,HGS-ANN模型的误差小于其他3种软计算模型。
提出了一种混合模型HGS-ANN来预测矿山生产爆破引起的振动。基于ANN算法建立预测模型,采用饥饿游戏搜索算法(HGS)对ANN模型的权值和阈值进行优化。同时开发了4种不同的模型进行对比。选择爆心距、最大单段药量、总药量、抵抗线、孔距、孔数、孔深等7个参数作为模型输入变量,PPV作为输出变量。收集了32组爆破振动数据,选择其中22组数据作为训练集建立模型,剩余12组数据作为测试集用于检验模型性能。采用均方根误差和决定系数作为统计参数对所开发模型进行比较分析,得到以下结果:
1)传统萨道夫斯基经验公式的预测精度较低,并不适用于本次研究。HGS-ANN、GMDH、ANN和SVM模型的预测精度较高,满足预期。
2)HGS-ANN模型预测精度高,误差小,R2值高。经过饥饿游戏搜索算法的优化,ANN模型性能得到了明显提升。
3)混合HGS-ANN模型适用于预测矿山生产爆破引起的地面振动。振动预测模型有助于控制矿山爆破振动,可为爆破设计提供决策支持,提升爆破作业安全。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金(52008080)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.030
  • 接收时间:2024-02-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-23
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金(52008080)
作者信息
    1.河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司,河北 唐山 063000
    2.东华理工大学 地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330000

通讯作者:

徐国权(1983—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为爆破智能化、应用人工智能。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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