Article(id=1241081033592984184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708876800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773826376578, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1722441600000, pubDateStr=2024-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773826376578, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773826376578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773826376578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241081025531540408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773826374657, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773827517159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241085817590960730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241085817590960731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241081025531540408, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=42, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241081035375563417, articleId=1241081033592984184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of 3D Flower-Like VO2(B) Cathode Material, columnId=1241081026567533498, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=SPECIAL ISSUE: BATTERY MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With vanadium pentoxide and citric acid as raw materials, a kind of 3D flower-like VO2(B) electrode material with large specific surface area and excellent structural stability was prepared by adopting hydrothermal synthesis. The crystal structure and morphology of the VO2(B) electrode material were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope, and the electrochemical properties of VO2(B) electrode material were measured by constant current charge and discharge, as well as cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the first specific dischage capacity of 3D flower-like VO2(B) electrode material is 227 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. It delivers the first specific discharge capacity of 151 mAh/g at a high current density of 1 A/g, and retains 79.6% of this capacity after 300 charge-discharge cycles, exhibiting a good rate performance.

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以五氧化二钒和柠檬酸为原料,采用水热反应法制备了具有大比表面积和优异结构稳定性的3D花状VO2(B)电极材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等对VO2(B)晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,通过恒流充放电、循环伏安法等对VO2(B)电极材料的电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明:电流密度0.1 A/g下,3D花状VO2(B)电极材料的首次放电比容量达227 mAh/g;1 A/g高电流密度下,初始放电比容量仍达151 mAh/g,300次充放电循环后的容量保持率为79.6%,该电极材料表现出良好的倍率性能。

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孔孟(1986—),女,河南新乡人,讲师,主要从事汽车制造与试验技术和新能源汽车技术研究。E-mail:

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孔孟(1986—),女,河南新乡人,讲师,主要从事汽车制造与试验技术和新能源汽车技术研究。E-mail:

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孔孟(1986—),女,河南新乡人,讲师,主要从事汽车制造与试验技术和新能源汽车技术研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 199: 350-354., articleTitle=Facile synthesis of VO2(B)/carbon nanobelts with high capacity and good cyclability, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081050135319184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081033592984184, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=NIU C, journalName=Functional Materials Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU C. Al-doped VO2(B) nanobelts as cathode material with enhanced electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries[J]. 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(a)4 h;(b)8 h;(c)12 h;(d)24 h

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(a)1∶1.07;(b)1∶1.59;(c)1∶2.15;(d)1∶2.67

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(a)XPS全谱图;(b)XPS窄谱图;(c)比表面积

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(a)CV曲线;(b)充放电曲线;(c)0.1 A/g电流密度下的循环曲线;(d)倍率性能

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正极材料小电流容量保持率(循环次数,初始比容量)大电流容量保持率(循环次数,初始比容量)
VO2(B)纳米片[9]0.3 A/g,75%(45,172 mAh/g)
VO2(B)/C纳米带[17]0.05 A/g,69.8%(100,219 mAh/g)1 A/g,—(—,138 mAh/g)
Al掺杂VO2(B)[18]0.05 A/g,57%(100,172 mAh/g)1 A/g,—(—,61 mAh/g)
螺纹状VO2(B)微球[19]0.1 A/g,70%(50,220 mAh/g)0.3 A/g,72%(350,~160 mAh/g)
本文制备的VO2(B)电极材料0.1 A/g,77.7%(50,227 mAh/g)1 A/g,75%(300,151 mAh/g)
), ArticleFig(id=1241081046159118740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241081033592984184, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3D花状VO2(B)与其他正极材料的电化学性能比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
正极材料小电流容量保持率(循环次数,初始比容量)大电流容量保持率(循环次数,初始比容量)
VO2(B)纳米片[9]0.3 A/g,75%(45,172 mAh/g)
VO2(B)/C纳米带[17]0.05 A/g,69.8%(100,219 mAh/g)1 A/g,—(—,138 mAh/g)
Al掺杂VO2(B)[18]0.05 A/g,57%(100,172 mAh/g)1 A/g,—(—,61 mAh/g)
螺纹状VO2(B)微球[19]0.1 A/g,70%(50,220 mAh/g)0.3 A/g,72%(350,~160 mAh/g)
本文制备的VO2(B)电极材料0.1 A/g,77.7%(50,227 mAh/g)1 A/g,75%(300,151 mAh/g)
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3D花状VO2(B)正极材料的制备与电化学性能研究
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孔孟 1 , 郭攀 2 , 陈阳阳 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 电池材料专题 2024,44(4): 42-46
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矿冶工程杂志 | 电池材料专题 2024, 44(4): 42-46
3D花状VO2(B)正极材料的制备与电化学性能研究
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孔孟1 , 郭攀2, 陈阳阳3
作者信息
  • 1.河南物流职业学院 智能制造与交通学院,河南 郑州 450000
  • 2.郑州大学 力学与安全工程学院,河南 郑州 450000
  • 3.许昌电气职业学院 机电工程系,河南 许昌 461000
  • 孔孟(1986—),女,河南新乡人,讲师,主要从事汽车制造与试验技术和新能源汽车技术研究。E-mail:

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of 3D Flower-Like VO2(B) Cathode Material
Meng KONG1 , Pan GUO2, Yangyang CHEN3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Transportation. Henan Logistics Vocational College, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
  • 2.School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
  • 3.Department of Electromechnical Engineering, Xuchang Electrical Vocational College, Xuchang 461000, Henan, China
出版时间: 2024-08-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.008
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以五氧化二钒和柠檬酸为原料,采用水热反应法制备了具有大比表面积和优异结构稳定性的3D花状VO2(B)电极材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等对VO2(B)晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,通过恒流充放电、循环伏安法等对VO2(B)电极材料的电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明:电流密度0.1 A/g下,3D花状VO2(B)电极材料的首次放电比容量达227 mAh/g;1 A/g高电流密度下,初始放电比容量仍达151 mAh/g,300次充放电循环后的容量保持率为79.6%,该电极材料表现出良好的倍率性能。

锂离子电池  /  二氧化钒  /  正极材料  /  循环性能  /  3D花状结构  /  钒电极材料

With vanadium pentoxide and citric acid as raw materials, a kind of 3D flower-like VO2(B) electrode material with large specific surface area and excellent structural stability was prepared by adopting hydrothermal synthesis. The crystal structure and morphology of the VO2(B) electrode material were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope, and the electrochemical properties of VO2(B) electrode material were measured by constant current charge and discharge, as well as cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the first specific dischage capacity of 3D flower-like VO2(B) electrode material is 227 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. It delivers the first specific discharge capacity of 151 mAh/g at a high current density of 1 A/g, and retains 79.6% of this capacity after 300 charge-discharge cycles, exhibiting a good rate performance.

lithium-ion battery  /  vanadium dioxide  /  cathode material  /  cycling performance  /  3D flower-like structure  /  vanadium electrode material
孔孟, 郭攀, 陈阳阳. 3D花状VO2(B)正极材料的制备与电化学性能研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (4) : 42 -46 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.008
Meng KONG, Pan GUO, Yangyang CHEN. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of 3D Flower-Like VO2(B) Cathode Material[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (4) : 42 -46 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.008
锂离子电池(LIBs)因具有无污染、无记忆效应、循环寿命长和安全性较好等优点,在众多储能材料中脱颖而出[1-2]。LIBs性能的好坏与正极材料密切相关。传统正极材料如LiMn2O4、LiCoO2和LiFePO4等理论比容量较低,导致LIBs能量密度不高,在很大程度上限制了LIBs的进一步发展与应用。因此,开发新一代高性能LIBs正极材料至关重要。
钒氧化物因具有较低开发成本、较高理论比容量和能量密度,成为极具潜力的LIBs正极材料[3-5]。钒元素拥有+2、+3、+4价和+5价等多种价态,可以形成多种钒氧化物,如VO2、V3O7、V6O13和V2O5[6]。在各种钒氧化物中,VO2(B)因其较高的理论容量(323 mAh/g)、良好离子脱嵌能力、稳定的晶体结构和独特的双层结构而被广泛关注[7-8]。VO2(B)属于单斜晶系(a=1.230 nm,b=0.369 nm,c=0.640 nm,β=106.1°,空间群C2/m No.12),其钒原子位于中心,氧原子位于顶点位置,每个钒原子分别与6个氧原子通过V—O键形成[VO6]八面体,层与层之间则通过氧原子相互连接形成孔洞结构,这就使得锂离子可以在其中来回脱嵌[9-10]。然而,随着锂离子嵌入量的增多,部分V4+会发生歧化反应而使得层状结构和锂离子扩散通道发生不可逆的破坏,导致VO2的循环性和电导率大幅度降低[11],阻碍了其实际应用。因此,如何提高VO2(B)结构稳定性和长循环寿命是目前亟待解决的问题。
近年来,研究者们发现构建由低维纳米结构自组装而成的三维微-纳结构是一种提高电极材料结构稳定性和长循环寿命非常有效的方法之一。因此,本文采用简易水热法合成了由纳米片组装的3D花状结构的VO2(B)正极材料,研究了水热反应时间和还原剂柠檬酸用量对样品物相、形貌以及电化学性能的影响,并测定了3D花状VO2(B)正极材料的电化学性能。
将0.54 g五氧化二钒(V2O5,分析纯,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)和1.16 g柠檬酸(C6H8O7,分析纯,西陇科学股份有限公司)添加到60 mL去离子水中,并在油浴锅(DF-101S,河南予华仪器有限公司)中在80 ℃下持续搅拌1 h,使五氧化二钒和柠檬溶于去离子水中,获得蓝黑色透明溶液。待上述溶液冷却至室温后,将所得溶液移至80 mL聚四氟乙烯内衬高压反应釜中,并放入烘箱(JHG-9023A,上海精宏实验设备有限公司)中于180 ℃反应12 h,利用柠檬酸的还原性将五价钒还原成四价钒。水热反应结束并冷却至室温后,将获得的黑色沉淀物分别用酒精和去离子水进行3次离心操作,随后将离心产物置于冷冻干燥机(FD-1B-50,北京博医康实验仪器有限公司)中冷冻干燥24 h,获得3D花状VO2(B)电极材料。
采用X射线衍射仪(XRD,PANalytical,荷兰)表征产物物相和晶体结构。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM,Hitachi S-4800,日本)观察样品的微观形态。通过高分辨率透射电子显微镜(TEM,JEOL JEM 2010,日本)获得样品的晶格参数。通过LabRAM HR Evolution拉曼显微光谱仪(HORIBA,法国)测量样品的拉曼光谱。使用X射线光电子能谱仪(ESCAL AB 250Xi,美国)分析样品中元素价态。
将正极材料、乙炔黑(分析纯,天津亿博瑞化工有限公司)以及聚偏氟乙烯(分析纯,太原力源锂电科技中心有限公司)按质量比7∶2∶1依次称取,并以N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(分析纯,西陇化工股份有限公司)为溶剂,在玛瑙研钵中研磨约50 min,使其充分混匀。将所得浆料均匀涂覆在铝箔上,于80 ℃真空干燥12 h。干燥后,使用切片机将其切成半径14 mm的圆片,作为LIBs的正极。之后,在高纯氩气的手套箱中进行扣式电池(2025型)组装,以1 mol/L的LiPF6(碳酸乙烯(EC)/碳酸二甲酯(DMC)=3∶7,质量比)为电解液、商用锂金属箔作为负极、Celgard 2300作为隔膜。此外,组装的电池通过新威尔电池测试系统进行循环测试,在电化学工作站(CHI 860D,上海辰华仪器有限公司)上进行循环伏安(CV)曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试。
控制V2O5与C6H8O7质量比为1∶2.15,不同水热反应时间下样品的XRD图如图1所示。水热反应时间4 h时,与标准卡片(JCPDS-27-1318)对比可知,此时样品主要为V6O13晶相。这是因为水热时间较短,反应不充分,只有少量V4+存在。水热反应时间8 h时,在2θ=28.9°处出现了属于VO2(B)的特征峰,说明随着反应的进行,V4+数量进一步增多,但此时样品的主体晶相还是V6O13。水热反应时间增加到12 h时,在2θ=14.3°和2θ=28.9°处均出现了较为明显的VO2(B)特征峰,且衍射峰越来越尖锐,强度也在增大,与标准卡片(PDF#31-1438)对比可知,此时样品物相主要为VO2(B)。水热反应时间24 h时,样品各衍射峰强度都下降,且位于2θ=28.9°处的特征峰消失不见,这是因为随着反应时间延长,体系中产生了一些副反应,从而导致样品结晶度下降。由以上物相分析结果可知,水热反应时间12 h合成了结晶性较好的VO2(B)。
图2为不同水热反应时间下样品的微观形貌。水热反应4 h,样品形貌由无序排列的纳米片组成,纳米片之间团聚较严重,堆积紧密,不利于锂离子的脱嵌和电解液的浸润。水热反应时间增加到8 h,样品形貌发生了较大变化,主要由直径约4 μm未长开的花组成,且形貌不一,尺寸不均匀,团聚依旧严重。水热反应12 h,样品形貌呈纳米片自组装的3D微花结构,直径3~5 μm,尺寸均匀,分散性好。这种3D花状结构的电极材料不仅有利于电极材料与电解液充分接触,而且还可以缓解锂离子在脱嵌过程中产生的应变,进而提高其循环稳定性[12]。水热反应24 h时,可以看出3D微花结构坍塌,呈杂乱无章、堆积严重的现象,这不利于电解液的浸润,影响电极材料的电化学性能。因此,选择水热反应时间12 h,此时获得3D花状结构的样品。
水热反应时间12 h,五氧化二钒与柠檬酸质量比(w(V2O5)/w(C6H8O7)=1∶1.07、1∶1.59、1∶2.15、1∶2.67)对样品物相和形貌的影响见图3
当柠檬酸含量较少时(w(V2O5)/w(C6H8O7)=1∶1.07),在2θ=15.1°和2θ=30.2°出现了V6O13特征衍射峰。此时体系内的还原度较低,存在大量V5+,与V6O13标准卡片(JCPDS-27-1318)相比,可以确定样品主要为V6O13晶相。随着柠檬酸加入量增加(w(V2O5)/w(C6H8O7)=1∶1.59),开始出现VO2(B)特征衍射峰,表明体系内V4+逐渐增多,体系中还原度也进一步提高。当w(V2O5)/w(C6H8O7)=1∶2.15时,在2θ=14.3°和2θ=28.9°处出现了非常明显的VO2(B)特征衍射峰,与标准卡片(PDF#31-1438)对比可知,此时样品为具有单一晶相的VO2(B)。柠檬酸含量继续增加(w(V2O5)/w(C6H8O7)=1∶2.67),样品晶相不再发生变化,但其结晶性变差。因此,选择w(V2O5)/w(C6H8O7)=1∶2.15,此时样品结晶度和纯度较高。
水热反应时间12 h,不同五氧化二钒与柠檬酸质量比下合成样品的微观形貌见图4
当五氧化二钒与柠檬酸质量比为1∶1.07和1∶1.59时,样品主要由无定型的微米片组成,且形状不均匀,排列无序,堆叠较严重,整体呈现黏结在一起的状态。五氧化二钒与柠檬酸质量比1∶2.15时,样品由纳米片自组装的微花组成,且形状规则,分布均匀,尺寸均一。五氧化二钒与柠檬酸质量比增加到1∶2.67时,样品形貌也为纳米片组成的微花,但团聚较严重,存在粘连现象,紧密的堆积不利于活性材料与电解液接触,导致锂离子嵌入量变得更少[13]。因此,选择五氧化二钒与柠檬酸质量比1∶2.15,此时可以获得由纳米片自组装的微花VO2(B)。
水热反应时间12 h、五氧化二钒与柠檬酸质量比1∶2.15条件下获得的3D花状VO2(B)的XPS图谱和比表面积见图5。从图5(a)可知,样品中主要包含C、V和O三种元素,其中C元素可能与还原剂碳化有关[12]。从图5(b)可以看出,V4+2p1/2和V4+2p3/2的结合能分别为523.1 eV和515.6 eV。由图5(c)可知,3D花状VO2(B)为介孔材料,比表面积达26.7 m2/g,高于前人报道的VO2(B)的比表面积[14],这种结构可以有效提高材料与电解液的接触,有利于离子的脱嵌,从而获得更好的电化学性能。
3D花状VO2(B)电极材料的电化学性能见图6
CV测试(图6(a))电压窗口为1.5~3.5 V,扫描速率设置为0.1 mV/s。从图中可以看到一对明显的氧化峰和还原峰,且氧化峰与还原峰之间的电位差较小,说明电池极化程度小。前3圈的曲线形状几乎没有发生变化,说明该3D花状VO2(B)电极材料具有优异的循环稳定性。
图6(b)可以看出,该电极材料有一个明显的充放电平台,且前3圈的曲线形状几乎一致,进一步说明花状VO2(B)电极具有出色的循环稳定性。
图6(c)可见,0.1 A/g下3D花状VO2(B)电极的首次放电比容量高达227 mAh/g,经过50次充放电循环后,剩余容量达176 mAh/g,容量保持率为77.7%。较高的初始容量以及较好的循环性能得益于该电极材料独特的3D花状结构,该结构具有较高的比表面积,可提供更多的活性位点,从而拥有较高的容量;而稳定的3D结构能够缓冲锂离子在脱嵌过程中所带来的应力应变[15-16]
图6(d)可见,电流密度分别为0.1 A/g、0.5 A/g、0.8 A/g和1 A/g时,3D花状VO2(B)电极初始放电比容量分别为216.6 mAh/g、197.0 mAh/g、176.7 mAh/g和158.9 mAh/g。电流密度回到0.1 A/g时,放电比容量为201.4 mAh/g,为初始容量的92.98%,表明该电极材料具有良好的倍率性能。
3D花状VO2(B)电极材料的高倍率循环性能如图7所示。1 A/g电流密度下,3D花状VO2(B)电极首次放电比容量高达151 mAh/g,300次充放电后,其比容量仍高达120.2 mAh/g,保持率为79.6%。
3D花状VO2(B)与其他正极材料的电化学性能对比见表1。与前人研究结果[9,17-19]相比,3D花状VO2(B)电极材料展现出了优异的电化学性能。
1)以五氧化二钒和柠檬酸为反应原料,在水热反应时间12 h、原料质量比1∶2.15时,可控合成了具有较大比表面积和优异结构稳定性的纳米片自组装3D花状VO2(B)。
2)3D花状VO2(B)作为锂离子电池正极材料时,0.1 A/g电流密度下,首次放电比容量高达227 mAh/g;电流密度增加至1 A/g时,首次放电比容量仍高达151 mAh/g,经过300次循环后,容量保持率为79.6%。
3)3D花状VO2(B)电极材料在0.1 A/g、0.5 A/g、0.8 A/g和1 A/g电流密度下,放电比容量分别为216.6 mAh/g、197.0 mAh/g、176.7 mAh/g和158.9 mAh/g;电流密度回到0.1 A/g时,放电比容量为201.4 mAh/g,为初始容量的92.98%,表明该电极材料具有良好的倍率性能。
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2024年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.04.008
  • 接收时间:2024-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26
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    1.河南物流职业学院 智能制造与交通学院,河南 郑州 450000
    2.郑州大学 力学与安全工程学院,河南 郑州 450000
    3.许昌电气职业学院 机电工程系,河南 许昌 461000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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