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Article(id=1241064286659867119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745078400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822383799, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822383799, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822383799, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822383799, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241064275599479114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='201', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822381162, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822785847, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=68, endPage=72, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241064287020577290, articleId=1241064286659867119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Beneficiation of Tailings from Gravity Separation of Low-Grade Fine-Grained Cassiterite, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The tailings from gravity separation of cassiterite in a polymetallic ore from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were taken for experimental research. Due to its low grade, fine particle size of target minerals therein and similar floatability of tourmaline and cassiterite, a multiple ligand metal-group collector, CSC-BHA-Pb, and a high-efficiency depressant, XY1, were adopted to selectively inhibit gangue minerals dominated by tourmaline while efficiently enrich fine-grained cassiterite. On the basis of iron removal and desulfurization, an open-circuit flotation test of cassiterite, consisting of one roughing, one scavenging and seven cleaning, finally produced a tin concentrate with a Sn grade of 14.05% and a recovery of 28.79%, achieving efficient tin enrichment.

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以广西某多金属矿的锡石重选尾矿为研究对象，针对该尾矿品位低、目标矿物粒度细、电气石与锡石可浮性相近的问题，采用金属基多配体捕收剂CSC-BHA-Pb和高效抑制剂XY1，实现了以电气石为主的脉石矿物的选择性抑制以及微细粒锡石的高效富集。在除铁和脱硫基础上，经一粗一扫七精锡石开路浮选，最终获得锡品位14.05%、回收率28.79%的锡精矿产品，实现了锡的高效富集。

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倪扬（2000—），男，山东临沂人，博士研究生，主要从事复杂难选有色金属和微细粒矿物回收技术研究。E-mail：
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刘杰（1972—），男，湖南郴州人，工程师，主要从事复杂难选有色金属和非金属矿物的清洁高效利用技术研究。E-mail：

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刘杰（1972—），男，湖南郴州人，工程师，主要从事复杂难选有色金属和非金属矿物的清洁高效利用技术研究。E-mail：

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刘杰（1972—），男，湖南郴州人，工程师，主要从事复杂难选有色金属和非金属矿物的清洁高效利用技术研究。E-mail：

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journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Multi-elemental analysis of raw ore

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ONaMgAlSiPSClK
49.8431.0721.1758.5223.9510.1350.7410.0170.79
CaTiVCrMnFeCuZnGa
2.8250.3710.0280.0320.09810.0840.0160.0110.004
AsRbSrYZrSnIPr
0.0430.0050.0190.0040.0120.1670.0120.026
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原矿化学多元素分析结果（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ONaMgAlSiPSClK
49.8431.0721.1758.5223.9510.1350.7410.0170.79
CaTiVCrMnFeCuZnGa
2.8250.3710.0280.0320.09810.0840.0160.0110.004
AsRbSrYZrSnIPr
0.0430.0050.0190.0040.0120.1670.0120.026
), ArticleFig(id=1241064308398944433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mineral composition of raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏土-电气石石英铁氧化物黄铁矿方解石-石灰毒砂
49.7333.065.963.843.021.24
白云母磷灰石硅钙石铁白云石锡石其他
1.090.500.430.380.160.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241064308541550777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

原矿矿物组成（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏土-电气石石英铁氧化物黄铁矿方解石-石灰毒砂
49.7333.065.963.843.021.24
白云母磷灰石硅钙石铁白云石锡石其他
1.090.500.430.380.160.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241064308851929278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Liberation degree of cassiterite

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锡石体积占比/%质量分数/%
<1032.99
10～204.37
20～3016.15
30～4033.63
40～505.31
50～900
≥907.55
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锡石单体解离度分析结果

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锡石体积占比/%质量分数/%
<1032.99
10～204.37
20～3016.15
30～4033.63
40～505.31
50～900
≥907.55
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Size distribution of raw ore and Sn distribution rate

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粒径/mm产率/%Sn品位/%Sn金属分布率/%
+0.07426.890.08110.14
-0.074+0.03818.940.11910.44
-0.038+0.0156.240.0591.70
-0.01547.930.34977.72
合计100.000.215100.00
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原矿粒度组成及锡金属分布率

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粒径/mm产率/%Sn品位/%Sn金属分布率/%
+0.07426.890.08110.14
-0.074+0.03818.940.11910.44
-0.038+0.0156.240.0591.70
-0.01547.930.34977.72
合计100.000.215100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064309569155283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test results of high gradient magnetic separation

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产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
SnFeSSnFeS
磁性产物17.610.13310.3051.79311.5722.7443.81
非磁性产物82.390.2187.4820.49288.4377.2656.19
原矿100.000.2037.9790.721100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064309669818584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

高梯度磁选结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
SnFeSSnFeS
磁性产物17.610.13310.3051.79311.5722.7443.81
非磁性产物82.390.2187.4820.49288.4377.2656.19
原矿100.000.2037.9790.721100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064309854367963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Open-circuit test results of flotation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%Sn品位/%Sn回收率/%
锡精矿0.4114.0528.79
锡扫选精矿10.760.0844.52
硫精矿6.250.3711.67
锡中矿112.250.0694.23
锡中矿29.070.167.11
锡中矿32.750.243.38
锡中矿41.960.656.35
锡中矿51.041.588.26
锡中矿60.572.386.79
锡中矿70.305.157.90
锡尾矿54.650.0410.99
给矿100.000.20100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064311704056034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064286659867119, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

浮选开路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%Sn品位/%Sn回收率/%
锡精矿0.4114.0528.79
锡扫选精矿10.760.0844.52
硫精矿6.250.3711.67
锡中矿112.250.0694.23
锡中矿29.070.167.11
锡中矿32.750.243.38
锡中矿41.960.656.35
锡中矿51.041.588.26
锡中矿60.572.386.79
锡中矿70.305.157.90
锡尾矿54.650.0410.99
给矿100.000.20100.00
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某低品位微细粒锡石重选尾矿选矿试验研究
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刘杰 1, 2 , 倪扬 1 , 邹勤 2 , 韩海生 1 , 付君浩 1 , 王若林 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(5): 68-72
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(5): 68-72
某低品位微细粒锡石重选尾矿选矿试验研究
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刘杰1, 2 , 倪扬1 , 邹勤2, 韩海生1, 付君浩1, 王若林1
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学　资源与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
  • 2.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司，湖南　郴州　423037

    • 刘杰（1972—），男，湖南郴州人，工程师，主要从事复杂难选有色金属和非金属矿物的清洁高效利用技术研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

倪扬（2000—），男，山东临沂人，博士研究生，主要从事复杂难选有色金属和微细粒矿物回收技术研究。E-mail：
Experimental Study on Beneficiation of Tailings from Gravity Separation of Low-Grade Fine-Grained Cassiterite
Jie LIU1, 2 , Yang NI1 , Qin ZOU2, Haisheng HAN1, Junhao FU1, Ruolin WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 2.Hunan Shizhuyuan Nonferrous Metals Company Limited, Chenzhou 423037, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.011
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摘要
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以广西某多金属矿的锡石重选尾矿为研究对象，针对该尾矿品位低、目标矿物粒度细、电气石与锡石可浮性相近的问题，采用金属基多配体捕收剂CSC-BHA-Pb和高效抑制剂XY1，实现了以电气石为主的脉石矿物的选择性抑制以及微细粒锡石的高效富集。在除铁和脱硫基础上，经一粗一扫七精锡石开路浮选，最终获得锡品位14.05%、回收率28.79%的锡精矿产品，实现了锡的高效富集。

微细粒锡石  /  电气石  /  浮选  /  重选尾矿  /  捕收剂  /  抑制剂  /  金属基多配体

The tailings from gravity separation of cassiterite in a polymetallic ore from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were taken for experimental research. Due to its low grade, fine particle size of target minerals therein and similar floatability of tourmaline and cassiterite, a multiple ligand metal-group collector, CSC-BHA-Pb, and a high-efficiency depressant, XY1, were adopted to selectively inhibit gangue minerals dominated by tourmaline while efficiently enrich fine-grained cassiterite. On the basis of iron removal and desulfurization, an open-circuit flotation test of cassiterite, consisting of one roughing, one scavenging and seven cleaning, finally produced a tin concentrate with a Sn grade of 14.05% and a recovery of 28.79%, achieving efficient tin enrichment.

fine-grained cassiterite  /  tourmaline  /  flotation  /  gravity separation tailings  /  collector  /  depressant  /  multiple ligand metal-group
刘杰, 倪扬, 邹勤, 韩海生, 付君浩, 王若林. 某低品位微细粒锡石重选尾矿选矿试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 68 -72 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.011
Jie LIU, Yang NI, Qin ZOU, Haisheng HAN, Junhao FU, Ruolin WANG. Experimental Study on Beneficiation of Tailings from Gravity Separation of Low-Grade Fine-Grained Cassiterite[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (5) : 68 -72 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.011
正文
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锡是一种银白色金属，具有化学性质稳定、耐腐蚀等特点，广泛应用于高端制造、新能源等新兴产业，是军事、航空航天、原子能等领域的关键性金属材料之一[1-2]。我国锡矿资源储量丰富，锡保有储量为216万t，约占全球总保有储量的39.27%[3]。随着科学技术飞速发展，锡消耗量迅速增加。过去20年，包括中国在内的各主要产锡国的锡资源储量迅速下降[4]。
锡资源的枯竭使越来越多研究者开始关注复杂难选锡资源如低品位、微细粒锡尾矿的强化再选[5-8]。事实上，锡石具有性脆的特点，在磨矿过程中易泥化[9-10]，传统的重选工艺难以实现此类微细粒锡资源的高效回收[11-12]，造成锡资源的浪费。同时，复杂难选锡资源中，电气石等新型脉石矿物因与锡石可浮性相近，已成为影响锡石富集的主要障碍。广西某多金属矿锡重选尾矿具有锡品位低、有用矿物粒度细、矿物解离度低、矿物组成复杂等特点，此外，该尾矿中含有影响微细粒锡石富集的电气石。本文以该尾矿为研究对象，采用金属基多配体捕收剂，结合高效抑制剂，实现了电气石型低品位微细粒锡石资源的有效回收。
1　原矿性质
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矿样取自广西某多金属矿的锡重选尾矿（以下简称原矿）。原矿化学多元素分析结果见表1。原矿中主要杂质元素为Si和Fe，目标元素Sn品位仅0.167%，处于较低水平。
原矿矿物组成分析结果如表2所示。其中主要脉石矿物为电气石（黏土类）和石英，其次是铁氧化物和黄铁矿。Sn主要以锡石形式赋存，整体含量较低。
采用矿物解离分析仪（MLA）对原矿进行单体解离度分析，结果如表3所示。锡石整体单体解离度低，且主要与石英和镁电气石连生，极少量锡石与铁氧化物以及黄铁矿连生。
原矿粒度组成及锡金属分布率如表4所示。原矿中Sn在-0.015 mm粒级的产率达到47.93%，此粒级中Sn品位和金属分布率分别达到了0.349%和77.72%。因此，实现微细粒锡石的高效回收是原矿强化再选的关键。
2　试验方法确定
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2.1　试验设备及试验试剂
试验主要设备包括Slon-100周期式脉动高梯度磁选机、XFD IV型浮选机、圆盘真空过滤机和鼓风干燥箱。试验主要试剂包括硫酸铜、丁基黄药、碳酸钠、硝酸铅、苯甲羟肟酸（BHA）、BK205、硫酸铝、水玻璃（SBL）等，均取自选矿厂配药车间。捕收剂CSC为中南大学自主研发的药剂。金属基多配体捕收剂CSC-BHA-Pb由硝酸铅、CSC和BHA复配而成。Al-SBL由硫酸铝和水玻璃按照质量比1∶2配制而成。高效抑制剂XY1购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。起泡剂XP2购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。
2.2　试验方法
原矿中锡主要分布在-0.015 mm微细粒中，因此采用浮选法回收该微细粒锡资源。原矿矿物组成表明，原矿中主要脉石矿物为电气石和石英，因此，实现此二者的高效抑制是微细粒锡石高效富集的关键。根据探索试验结果，原矿中的铁杂质（铁氧化物）和硫杂质（硫化铁）对锡石浮选的影响较大，因此，在锡石浮选前必须预先开展高梯度磁选除铁和反浮选脱硫。试验原则流程如图1所示。
3　试验结果与讨论
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3.1　高梯度磁选除铁
为预先抛除原矿中的含铁杂质，对原矿进行了磁场强度1.2 T的高梯度磁选，结果如表5所示。高梯度磁选可脱除产率17.61%的磁性杂质，非磁性产物中锡品位提升至0.218%，锡回收率为88.43%。高梯度磁选的非磁性产物即为后续浮选的给矿。
3.2　浮选条件试验
3.2.1　CSC-BHA药剂配比试验
以碳酸钠调整矿浆pH值至9.8，在BK205、XP2用量分别为26、22 g/t，捕收剂用量1 000 g/t条件下，按照图2所示流程进行了捕收剂CSC、BHA的药剂配比试验，结果如图3所示。结果表明，4组试验的尾矿锡品位均在0.07%以下，回收率均低于15%。CSC、BHA质量比200∶800时，尾矿锡品位和回收率分别为0.059%和11.29%，精矿锡回收率为68.92%。CSC、BHA质量比200∶800兼顾精矿品位和回收率，尾矿中锡损失率低，为适宜的药剂配比。
3.2.2　pH值试验
pH值影响矿浆的溶液组分和浮选药剂在矿物表面的吸附行为，是影响浮选指标的重要因素之一。
CSC、BHA质量比200∶800，其他条件不变，按照图2所示流程进行了pH值试验，结果如图4所示。pH值从9.5升至10.1，精矿中锡回收率由60.55%提升至76.53%，尾矿中锡回收率由28.46%降至12.49%。这一结果表明，该浮选体系受矿浆pH值影响较大。为保证锡的高效回收，调控锡粗选pH值为10.1进行后续浮选试验。
3.2.3　抑制剂条件试验
由原矿性质可知，电气石和石英是影响精矿品位和回收率的主要脉石矿物，因此，开发电气石和石英的高效抑制剂是实现该微细粒锡资源的高效浮选富集的关键。以碳酸钠调整pH值至10.1，在CSC、BHA质量比200∶800，CSC-BHA-Pb用量1 000 g/t，BK205、XP2用量分别为26、22 g/t条件下，对比了抑制剂氟硅酸钠、水玻璃、XY1对浮选指标的影响。为进一步对比抑制剂对该微细粒锡资源的抑制效果和保障锡石的回收率的提升，在图2所示流程基础上，分别在锡浮选阶段增加一道空白精选并取消了脱硫扫选，试验结果如图5所示。由图5可知，随着氟硅酸钠用量增加，尾矿中锡损失率逐渐增大，精矿中锡回收率均低于空白对照组，氟硅酸钠对脉石矿物的抑制作用不足，精矿中锡富集比提高程度有限；随着水玻璃用量增加，精矿中锡回收率逐步降低，尾矿锡变化不明显，采用水玻璃为抑制剂无法实现该类微细粒锡资源的高效富集；采用XY1为锡粗选抑制剂时，精矿富集效果大幅提高，随着XY1用量增加，精矿锡品位先上升后下降，精矿回收率逐渐下降，表明XY1对电气石、石英等脉石矿物具有较强的选择性抑制作用，适宜的XY1用量为50 g/t。
3.3　浮选开路试验
在条件试验基础上，开展了浮选全流程开路试验。鉴于原矿中硫含量较低，仅设置一道脱硫粗选作业进行硫化矿的脱除，具体试验流程如图6所示，结果如表6所示。浮选尾矿锡品位降至0.04%，尾矿中锡损失率降至10.99%；经过7次精选，最终浮选精矿Sn品位可达14.05%，回收率可达28.79%；如仅进行6次精选，则最终精矿品位为10.24%、回收率可达36.69%。在捕收剂CSC-BHA-Pb和高效抑制剂XY1的共同作用下，实现了微细粒锡石与以电气石为主的脉石矿物的有效分离，同时实现了该微细粒锡石资源高效富集。
4　结语
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1）广西某多金属矿锡重选尾矿中锡品位为0.167%，具有品位低、锡矿物粒度细等特性。该矿中主要脉石矿物电气石与锡石的可浮性极为相近，是造成微细粒锡石浮选富集困难的主要原因。
2）在高梯度磁选除铁和反浮选脱硫基础上，采用高效抑制剂XY1和金属基多配体捕收剂CSC-BHA-Pb，实现了以电气石为主的脉石矿物的高效抑制及微细粒锡石的高效富集。经过一粗一扫六精开路浮选，可以获得Sn品位10.24%、回收率36.69%的锡精矿产品；在此基础上增加一次精选，则可获得Sn品位14.05%、回收率28.79%的锡精矿产品。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(52374291)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2905104)
文献
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.011
  • 接收时间：2025-04-20
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-20
基金
国家自然科学基金(52374291)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2905104)
作者信息
    1.中南大学　资源与生物工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
    2.湖南柿竹园有色金属有限责任公司，湖南　郴州　423037

通讯作者:

倪扬（2000—），男，山东临沂人，博士研究生，主要从事复杂难选有色金属和微细粒矿物回收技术研究。E-mail：
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.011
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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