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Based on analysis of chemical composition, mineral composition, main mineral properties and disseminated grain size of slag from smelting of nickel laterite ore, a series of exploratory experiments were carried out. The iron in the slag was recovered by magnetizing roasting and magnetic separation. The magnetizing roasting is performed for 40 min at 750 ℃ with a coal powder at a ratio of 2%. The roasted ore is subjected to a two-stage low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) after being ground to a fineness of -0.045 mm 80%, and an iron concentrate grading 60.38% Fe can be obtained at recovery of 71.55%.

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对某红土镍矿冶炼排放的废渣进行了化学成分、矿物组成、主要矿物特征及嵌布粒度分析;针对该渣的特性,开展了一系列回收铁探索试验。结果表明,采用磁化焙烧-磁选回收该渣中的铁,在焙烧温度750 ℃、焙烧时间40 min、煤粉配比2%条件下进行磁化焙烧,焙烧矿磨至-0.045 mm粒级占80%后经两次弱磁选,可获得铁品位60.38%、铁回收率71.55%的铁精矿。

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陈志新(1979—),男,广西钦州人,高级工程师,主要从事镍铜选矿技术及伴生金属回收研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=陈志新, 彭先淦, 陆斌刚, 赖秋生, 方湘天, 梁金荣)}, authors=[Author(id=1241064289822372458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=20844354@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241064289948201589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, authorId=1241064289822372458, language=EN, stringName=Zhixin CHEN, firstName=Zhixin, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Ni & Co Associated Minerals Resources Development and Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, China
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陈志新(1979—),男,广西钦州人,高级工程师,主要从事镍铜选矿技术及伴生金属回收研究。E-mail:

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陈志新(1979—),男,广西钦州人,高级工程师,主要从事镍铜选矿技术及伴生金属回收研究。E-mail:

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New technology of surface magnetization roasting and high intensity magnetic separation for Daxigou siderite and limonite ores[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2021, 41(6): 93-95., articleTitle=New technology of surface magnetization roasting and high intensity magnetic separation for Daxigou siderite and limonite ores, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241064316435230993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=824, pageEnd=833, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=ZHANG Q, SUN Y S, HAN Y X, journalName=International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, SUN Y S, HAN Y X, et al. Reaction behavior and non-isothermal kinetics of suspension magnetization roasting of limonite and siderite[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2023, 30(5): 824-833., articleTitle=Reaction behavior and non-isothermal kinetics of suspension magnetization roasting of limonite and siderite, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241064307773993125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, awardId=1610RJZC118, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省自然科学基金(1610RJZC118), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241064289549742672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241064289558131281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, companyId=1241064289549742672, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Ni & Co Associated Minerals Resources Development and Comprehensive Utilization, 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language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Multi-elemental analysis of smelting slag

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2FeOMnMgOCaO
45.8418.183.580.981.821.52
Al2O3PSZnAs烧损
11.810.0220.850.060.0212.83
), ArticleFig(id=1241064302438838353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

废渣化学多元素分析结果(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeSiO2FeOMnMgOCaO
45.8418.183.580.981.821.52
Al2O3PSZnAs烧损
11.810.0220.850.060.0212.83
), ArticleFig(id=1241064302929571924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main mineral composition in smelting slag

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
褐铁矿铬铁矿钛铁矿含钛磁铁矿含铁碳酸盐含铁硫酸盐
51.444.670.070.079.581.06
含镍褐铁矿含镍蛇纹石含镍菱铁矿含镍菱锰矿金属硫化物其他矿物
14.004.894.810.050.059.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241064303302864994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

废渣中主要矿物组成(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
褐铁矿铬铁矿钛铁矿含钛磁铁矿含铁碳酸盐含铁硫酸盐
51.444.670.070.079.581.06
含镍褐铁矿含镍蛇纹石含镍菱铁矿含镍菱锰矿金属硫化物其他矿物
14.004.894.810.050.059.31
), ArticleFig(id=1241064303776821350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Iron distribution in minerals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
褐铁矿铬铁矿钛铁矿含钛磁铁矿含铁碳酸盐含铁硫酸盐
68.292.150.040.078.540.02
含镍褐铁矿含镍蛇纹石含镍菱锰矿金属硫化物其他矿物
14.803.502.020.040.53
), ArticleFig(id=1241064304087199857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

铁在各矿物中的分布率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
褐铁矿铬铁矿钛铁矿含钛磁铁矿含铁碳酸盐含铁硫酸盐
68.292.150.040.078.540.02
含镍褐铁矿含镍蛇纹石含镍菱锰矿金属硫化物其他矿物
14.803.502.020.040.53
), ArticleFig(id=1241064304477270136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Particle size distribution of dominant iron minerals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm铁矿物分布率/%
褐铁矿含镍褐铁矿含铁碳酸盐
+452.250.470.31
-45+191.470.760.19
-1947.7212.779.08
合计51.4414.009.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241064304867340417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

主要铁矿物在各粒级中的分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/μm铁矿物分布率/%
褐铁矿含镍褐铁矿含铁碳酸盐
+452.250.470.31
-45+191.470.760.19
-1947.7212.779.08
合计51.4414.009.58
), ArticleFig(id=1241064305219661960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Continuous stability test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%铁品位/%铁回收率/%
精矿54.3260.3871.55
烧失12.79
尾矿32.8939.6528.45
原矿100.0045.84100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064306897383567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

连续稳定试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%铁品位/%铁回收率/%
精矿54.3260.3871.55
烧失12.79
尾矿32.8939.6528.45
原矿100.0045.84100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064307010629781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Multi-elemental analysis results of iron concentrate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TFeFeOSSiO2CaOMgOPAl2O3As
60.3833.680.135.400.201.220.015.600.02
), ArticleFig(id=1241064307266482335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064283279257910, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

铁精矿化学多元素分析结果(质量分数)

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TFeFeOSSiO2CaOMgOPAl2O3As
60.3833.680.135.400.201.220.015.600.02
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细粒难选红土镍矿废渣回收铁的试验研究
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陈志新 1, 2 , 彭先淦 1, 2 , 陆斌刚 1, 2 , 赖秋生 1 , 方湘天 1 , 梁金荣 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(5): 88-92
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(5): 88-92
细粒难选红土镍矿废渣回收铁的试验研究
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陈志新1, 2 , 彭先淦1, 2, 陆斌刚1, 2, 赖秋生1, 方湘天1, 梁金荣1
作者信息
  • 1.镍钴共伴生资源开发与综合利用全国重点实验室,甘肃 金昌 737100
  • 2.金川集团研发中心,甘肃 金昌 737100
  • 陈志新(1979—),男,广西钦州人,高级工程师,主要从事镍铜选矿技术及伴生金属回收研究。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Iron Recovery from Smelting Slag of Fine-Grained Refractory Nickel Laterite Ore
Zhixin CHEN1, 2 , Xiangan PENG1, 2, Bingang LU1, 2, Qiusheng LAI1, Xiangtian FANG1, Jinrong LIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Ni & Co Associated Minerals Resources Development and Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, China
  • 2.Jinchuan Group Research and Development Center, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.015
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对某红土镍矿冶炼排放的废渣进行了化学成分、矿物组成、主要矿物特征及嵌布粒度分析;针对该渣的特性,开展了一系列回收铁探索试验。结果表明,采用磁化焙烧-磁选回收该渣中的铁,在焙烧温度750 ℃、焙烧时间40 min、煤粉配比2%条件下进行磁化焙烧,焙烧矿磨至-0.045 mm粒级占80%后经两次弱磁选,可获得铁品位60.38%、铁回收率71.55%的铁精矿。

磁化焙烧  /  磁选  /  红土镍矿  /  废渣  /  铁精矿

Based on analysis of chemical composition, mineral composition, main mineral properties and disseminated grain size of slag from smelting of nickel laterite ore, a series of exploratory experiments were carried out. The iron in the slag was recovered by magnetizing roasting and magnetic separation. The magnetizing roasting is performed for 40 min at 750 ℃ with a coal powder at a ratio of 2%. The roasted ore is subjected to a two-stage low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) after being ground to a fineness of -0.045 mm 80%, and an iron concentrate grading 60.38% Fe can be obtained at recovery of 71.55%.

magnetizing roasting  /  magnetic separation  /  nickel laterite  /  smelting slag  /  iron concentrate
陈志新, 彭先淦, 陆斌刚, 赖秋生, 方湘天, 梁金荣. 细粒难选红土镍矿废渣回收铁的试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 88 -92 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.015
Zhixin CHEN, Xiangan PENG, Bingang LU, Qiusheng LAI, Xiangtian FANG, Jinrong LIANG. Experimental Study on Iron Recovery from Smelting Slag of Fine-Grained Refractory Nickel Laterite Ore[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (5) : 88 -92 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.015
近年来,随着经济发展以及矿产资源大量开发利用,矿业固体废弃物逐年增加,既占用了土地、又造成资源浪费,也给人类生活环境带来了严重污染和危害。同时,矿产资源日渐贫乏,矿业固体废弃物作为二次能源受到世界各国的重视。冶炼厂的废渣是一种重要的固体废弃物,国外对冶炼废渣的综合利用非常重视,欧美国家冶炼废渣的利用率已经达到80%以上,而我国的冶炼废渣利用率很低[1-2]
某红土镍矿平均镍品位1.44%,其中高品位腐殖土含镍总量70万t,冶炼厂提取了红土镍矿中镍、钴金属后,年排放废渣量约200万t;废渣中富含铁物质,TFe品位45%以上,若能回收该部分铁,既可解决尾矿堆积问题,又能变废为宝,综合循环利用资源,增加企业效益。本文针对该废渣进行了一系列回收铁的试验研究。
废渣主要化学成分分析结果见表1。废渣中可工业回收的元素主要是铁;为了达到提高铁品位的目的,需要去除的脉石组分主要为SiO2和Al2O3
废渣中主要矿物组成见表2。废渣中主要矿物为褐铁矿,其次为含镍褐铁矿、含铁碳酸盐,其他矿物主要为石英、高岭土和蛇纹石。
铁在各矿物中的分布情况见表3。由表3可知,主要含铁矿物为褐铁矿,其次为含镍褐铁矿和含铁碳酸盐,以上3种矿物中铁含量总和占总铁的90%以上;其他矿物中含铁量很低。
主要铁矿物在各粒级中的分布情况见表4。废渣中主要铁矿物为褐铁矿、含镍褐铁矿和含铁碳酸盐,这3种矿物的含量占矿物总量的75.02%,且主要分布在-19 μm粒级中,这一粒级中的褐铁矿占褐铁矿总量的92.77%,含镍褐铁矿占含镍褐铁矿总量的91.21%,含铁碳酸盐占含铁碳酸盐总量的94.78%。
废渣中主要铁矿物为褐铁矿、含镍褐铁矿和含铁碳酸盐,这3种矿物的含量占总矿物的75%以上,且主要分布在-19 μm细粒级中,这种微细粒特征采用传统浮选方法回收铁矿物效果不理想;废渣中TFe品位45.84%,但磁性率(FeO/TFe)为7.81%,远小于磁性铁的磁性率(36%),因此单一磁选回收也相当困难;同时,经强磁选、浮选、磁化焙烧-磁选等探索试验实践,强磁选、浮选的精矿产品几乎没有得到富集,证实了单一强磁选、浮选的分选效果较差,而磁化焙烧-磁选[3-13]是处理褐铁矿、含铁碳酸盐等弱磁性铁矿物的有效方法。
先采用静态磁化焙烧法,将废渣料与还原剂煤粉混匀后,静置于管式电炉内进行还原焙烧,焙烧产品经磨矿后,采用磁选管进行弱磁选,获得磁选精矿,磁化焙烧试验重点考察焙烧温度、焙烧时间、还原剂煤粉用量等条件对焙烧效果的影响。
弱磁性铁矿石的磁化焙烧一般都在高温条件下进行,焙烧温度对焙烧矿质量影响极为重要。焙烧温度过高,容易造成过度焙烧,使已经生成的强磁性铁矿物性质发生变化,磁性大幅度降低,影响焙烧效果。必须严格控制焙烧温度范围,以确保获得好的焙烧效果。焙烧时间30 min,还原剂煤粉用量(占物料总量的质量分数)2%,在不同焙烧温度下进行磁化焙烧,焙烧产品磨矿至-0.045 mm粒级占70%,采用磁选管进行一次弱磁选,磁选场强96 kA/m,焙烧温度对磁选精矿指标的影响见图1。由图1可知,焙烧温度由650 ℃升高到750 ℃,弱磁选精矿铁品位和铁回收率提升幅度很大,在750 ℃时达到了最高值;焙烧温度超过800 ℃后,弱磁选精矿铁品位呈下降趋势,说明物料已经发生过度焙烧了。确定适宜的焙烧温度为750 ℃。
焙烧温度750 ℃,其他条件不变,考察了焙烧时间对磁选精矿指标的影响,结果见图2。由图2可知:焙烧时间10~60 min范围内,弱磁选精矿铁品位在30 min时达到峰值,为59.59%,此时铁回收率为81.63%;弱磁选精矿铁回收率在40 min时达到峰值,为83.71%,此时铁品位为58.89%;焙烧40 min后铁品位和铁回收率都明显下降,说明物料已经发生过度焙烧。确定适宜的焙烧时间为40 min。
还原剂配比是影响矿物还原程度的重要因素。还原剂不足时,一部分弱磁性矿物不能充分还原成磁铁矿,从而降低矿石磁性;还原剂过剩会使部分磁铁矿过度还原成非磁性的富氏体,磁化率反而下降,导致矿石磁性下降。焙烧时间40 min,其他条件不变,考察了还原剂煤粉用量对磁选精矿指标的影响,结果见图3。由图3可知,随着煤粉用量增加,弱磁选精矿铁品位变化不大,回收率先增加后大幅下降,煤粉用量2%时铁回收率达到峰值。确定适宜的煤粉用量为物料总量的2%。
合适的磨矿细度有助于矿物单体解离,对提高铁精矿品质有重要影响。对焙烧温度750 ℃、焙烧时间40 min、煤粉用量2%条件下所得焙烧矿进行磨矿,然后在磁选场强96 kA/m条件下采用磁选管进行一次弱磁选,磨矿细度对磁选精矿指标的影响见图4。由图4可知,磨矿细度-0.045 mm粒级占比超过75%后,随着磨矿细度增加,弱磁选精矿铁品位、铁回收率变化相对平缓,说明铁矿物大部分已经单体解离。综合考虑铁品位、铁回收率及磨矿成本,确定适宜的磨矿细度为-0.045 mm粒级占80%。
磨矿细度-0.045 mm粒级占80%,其他条件不变,考察了磁选管磁场强度对磁选精矿指标的影响,结果见图5。由图5可知,随着磁场强度增加,磁选精矿品位急速下降,铁回收率缓慢增加,综合考虑磁选铁精矿品位和回收率,确定粗选磁场强度96 kA/m、精选磁场强度80 kA/m为宜。
在条件试验基础上适当调整工艺参数进行回转窑连续动态磁化焙烧试验。动态焙烧试验在实验室SHY-1型回转窑中进行,磁化焙烧条件为:焙烧温度750 ℃、焙烧时间40 min、煤粉配比2%,焙烧矿经球磨机磨至-0.045 mm粒级占80%,采用Ф400×300湿式弱磁选机进行磁选,一次磁选磁场强度96 kA/m、二次磁选磁场强度80 kA/m,试验流程见图6,结果见表5。由表5可知,红土镍矿废渣铁品位45.84%条件下,通过磁化焙烧-磁选工艺,可获得TFe品位60.38%、铁回收率71.55%的铁精矿。
对磁化焙烧-磁选连续稳定试验的铁精矿产品进行化学多元素分析,结果见表6。采用磁化焙烧-磁选工艺处理该红土镍矿废渣,可将铁品位由45.84%提高到60.38%。红土镍矿废渣在高温条件下焙烧,褐铁矿、针铁矿等水合铁氧化物中水以蒸汽形式挥发,含铁碳酸盐分解,二氧化碳逸出,焙砂中FeO含量由焙烧前的3.58%提升到21.48%,说明大部分铁转化成为磁铁矿;焙砂经两次磁选剔除大部分SiO2、Al2O3杂质,硫品位也由0.85%降到了0.13%,铁精矿品质得到提升。
1)红土镍矿废渣中矿物以铁氧化物为主,包括褐铁矿、铬铁矿、钛铁矿和含钛磁铁矿等,其次为含镍褐铁矿、含镍菱铁矿、含镍蛇纹石和含镍菱锰矿等,另有部分含铁碳酸盐和含铁硫酸盐,脉石矿物主要有石英、高岭石和蛇纹石等;褐铁矿、含镍褐铁矿和含铁碳酸盐主要分布在-19 μm细粒级中。
2)磁化焙烧-磁选工艺是处理红土镍矿废渣有效方法,在焙烧温度750 ℃、焙烧时间40 min、煤粉用量2%条件下磁化焙烧,焙烧产品磨至-0.045 mm粒级占80%,经两次弱磁选,可获得TFe品位60.38%、铁回收率71.55%的铁精矿,其中硫、磷、硅等杂质含量低。
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金(1610RJZC118)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.015
  • 接收时间:2025-03-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25
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甘肃省自然科学基金(1610RJZC118)
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    1.镍钴共伴生资源开发与综合利用全国重点实验室,甘肃 金昌 737100
    2.金川集团研发中心,甘肃 金昌 737100
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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