Article(id=1241064282436202767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744041600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822382792, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822382792, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822382792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822382792, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241064275599479114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='201', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822381162, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822785847, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=108, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241064282742386979, articleId=1241064282436202767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Flotation of Low-Grade Copper Sulfide Ore, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on flotation tests of a low-grade copper sulfide ore, a processing technique was developed, composed of flash flotation of Cu, Cu-S bulk flotation, and Cu-S separation after regrinding of roughing concentrate from bulk flotation. Effects of factors on flotation were also explored, including grinding fineness, flotation reagent, regrinding fineness of roughing concentrate from bulk flotation. Ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate was used as the collector for Cu in the flash flotation, a combination of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate and butyl xanthate as the collector for Cu-S bulk flotation, lime as a sulfur depressant, and terpineol oil as a frother. With grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 60% and regrinding fineness of -0.045 mm 70%, a closed-circuit test for the raw ore assaying 0.40% Cu and 2.45% S produced a bulk copper concentrate grading 19.49% Cu at 87.68% recovery, and a sulfur concentrate grading 48.65% S at 35.11% recovery. It is concluded that efficient separation and enrichment of copper and comprehensive recovery of sulfur from this low-grade copper ore can be actualized by this technique.

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对某低品位硫化铜矿进行了浮选试验研究,开发了“铜快速浮选-铜硫混合浮选-混合粗精矿再磨后铜硫分离”工艺,系统研究了磨矿细度、浮选药剂、混合粗精矿再磨细度等因素对铜选别富集的影响。采用丁铵黑药为铜快速浮选捕收剂、丁铵黑药与丁基黄药组合为铜硫混合浮选捕收剂、石灰为硫抑制剂、松醇油为起泡剂,在磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占60%、再磨细度-0.045 mm粒级占70%条件下,对Cu品位0.40%、S品位2.45%的原矿,闭路试验获得了Cu品位19.49%、回收率87.68%的混合铜精矿和S品位48.65%、回收率35.11%的硫精矿,实现了该低品位铜矿中铜的高效富集以及硫的综合回收。

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吕兵超(1988—),男,河南漯河人,工程师,主要从事矿物加工工艺研究与应用工作。E-mail:

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吕兵超(1988—),男,河南漯河人,工程师,主要从事矿物加工工艺研究与应用工作。E-mail:

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吕兵超(1988—),男,河南漯河人,工程师,主要从事矿物加工工艺研究与应用工作。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=och3hbDZlP7d58wA62DQDQ==, figureFileBig=lEvkGA1Y2p66jwPWDUCF0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064295300133792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064282436202767, language=CN, label=图9, caption=闭路试验流程, figureFileSmall=och3hbDZlP7d58wA62DQDQ==, figureFileBig=lEvkGA1Y2p66jwPWDUCF0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064295505654699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064282436202767, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Multi-elemental analysis of raw ore

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CuSAg1)Au1)AsSiO2Al2O3Fe
0.362.342.30.170.01772.2711.332.74
Fe2O3K2OPbNa2OCaOMgOTiO2Zn
3.921.580.0320.0830.0260.0160.044<0.01
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原矿化学多元素分析结果(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CuSAg1)Au1)AsSiO2Al2O3Fe
0.362.342.30.170.01772.2711.332.74
Fe2O3K2OPbNa2OCaOMgOTiO2Zn
3.921.580.0320.0830.0260.0160.044<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1241064295941862330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064282436202767, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mineral composition of raw ore

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蓝辉铜矿铜蓝硫砷铜矿黄铜矿黄铁矿褐铁矿
0.460.110.090.014.280.62
石英明矾石地开石白云母绿泥石其他
71.278.7310.250.680.327.18
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原矿矿物组成分析结果(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蓝辉铜矿铜蓝硫砷铜矿黄铜矿黄铁矿褐铁矿
0.460.110.090.014.280.62
石英明矾石地开石白云母绿泥石其他
71.278.7310.250.680.327.18
), ArticleFig(id=1241064296382264269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064282436202767, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Copper phase analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铜物相铜含量/%铜占有率/%
水溶性铜0.004 11.19
自由氧化铜0.01810.24
结合氧化铜0.002 50.73
次生硫化铜0.2670.67
原生硫化铜0.05917.17
), ArticleFig(id=1241064297959322585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064282436202767, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

铜物相分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铜物相铜含量/%铜占有率/%
水溶性铜0.004 11.19
自由氧化铜0.01810.24
结合氧化铜0.002 50.73
次生硫化铜0.2670.67
原生硫化铜0.05917.17
), ArticleFig(id=1241064298118706148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064282436202767, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Result of closed-circuit test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
CuSCuS
高品位铜精矿1.6020.1645.8981.4929.99
低品位铜精矿0.1813.5635.426.192.62
混合铜精矿1.7819.4944.8387.6832.60
硫精矿1.770.2548.651.1235.11
尾矿96.450.0460.8211.2032.28
原矿100.000.402.45100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064298378753008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064282436202767, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
CuSCuS
高品位铜精矿1.6020.1645.8981.4929.99
低品位铜精矿0.1813.5635.426.192.62
混合铜精矿1.7819.4944.8387.6832.60
硫精矿1.770.2548.651.1235.11
尾矿96.450.0460.8211.2032.28
原矿100.000.402.45100.00100.00
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低品位硫化铜矿浮选试验研究
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(5): 108-112
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(5): 108-112
低品位硫化铜矿浮选试验研究
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吕兵超
作者信息
  • 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建 上杭 364200
  • 吕兵超(1988—),男,河南漯河人,工程师,主要从事矿物加工工艺研究与应用工作。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Flotation of Low-Grade Copper Sulfide Ore
Bingchao LYU
Affiliations
  • Zinjin Mining Group Co, Ltd, Shanghang 364200, Fujian, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.019
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对某低品位硫化铜矿进行了浮选试验研究,开发了“铜快速浮选-铜硫混合浮选-混合粗精矿再磨后铜硫分离”工艺,系统研究了磨矿细度、浮选药剂、混合粗精矿再磨细度等因素对铜选别富集的影响。采用丁铵黑药为铜快速浮选捕收剂、丁铵黑药与丁基黄药组合为铜硫混合浮选捕收剂、石灰为硫抑制剂、松醇油为起泡剂,在磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占60%、再磨细度-0.045 mm粒级占70%条件下,对Cu品位0.40%、S品位2.45%的原矿,闭路试验获得了Cu品位19.49%、回收率87.68%的混合铜精矿和S品位48.65%、回收率35.11%的硫精矿,实现了该低品位铜矿中铜的高效富集以及硫的综合回收。

低品位  /  硫化铜矿  /  浮选  /  快速浮选  /  混合浮选  /  铜硫分离  /  铜精矿  /  硫精矿

Based on flotation tests of a low-grade copper sulfide ore, a processing technique was developed, composed of flash flotation of Cu, Cu-S bulk flotation, and Cu-S separation after regrinding of roughing concentrate from bulk flotation. Effects of factors on flotation were also explored, including grinding fineness, flotation reagent, regrinding fineness of roughing concentrate from bulk flotation. Ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate was used as the collector for Cu in the flash flotation, a combination of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate and butyl xanthate as the collector for Cu-S bulk flotation, lime as a sulfur depressant, and terpineol oil as a frother. With grinding fineness of -0.074 mm 60% and regrinding fineness of -0.045 mm 70%, a closed-circuit test for the raw ore assaying 0.40% Cu and 2.45% S produced a bulk copper concentrate grading 19.49% Cu at 87.68% recovery, and a sulfur concentrate grading 48.65% S at 35.11% recovery. It is concluded that efficient separation and enrichment of copper and comprehensive recovery of sulfur from this low-grade copper ore can be actualized by this technique.

low-grade  /  copper sulfide ore  /  flotation  /  flash flotation  /  bulk flotation  /  Cu-S separation  /  copper concentrate  /  sulfur concentrate
吕兵超. 低品位硫化铜矿浮选试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 108 -112 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.019
Bingchao LYU. Experimental Study on Flotation of Low-Grade Copper Sulfide Ore[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (5) : 108 -112 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.019
铜是国民经济的基础原材料,被广泛应用于国防军工、航天航空、能源化工等领域[1-2]。我国是全球最大的铜消费国,铜矿选冶的装备水平、生产工艺和技术已经进入世界先进行列,而我国铜资源相对短缺,铜矿的进口依赖度高达70%[3-4]。我国铜矿资源以硫化铜矿为主,其天然可浮性较好,工业上通常采用浮选法进行分选富集[5]。随着铜矿资源不断开采,铜矿品位低、粒度细、矿物共伴生关系复杂的特点日渐凸显,入选品位已从20世纪初的1.5%~4.0%下降到目前的0.4%,极大地增加了资源高效、经济利用的难度[6]。开发低品位铜矿的高效选别新工艺对提高我国铜资源利用效率具有重要意义。
某铜矿原矿铜品位仅0.3%~0.4%,铜矿物主要为次生辉铜矿,与黄铁矿伴生,属于典型的低品位铜矿。由于铜矿物嵌布粒度不均,采用单一的铜优先浮选工艺难以获得理想指标。本文针对该铜矿石特点,根据“阶段磨矿阶段选别”思路开发了“铜快速浮选-铜硫混合浮选-混合粗精矿再磨后铜硫分离”工艺,通过试验研究确定合理的药剂制度,较好地实现了低品位铜的高效选别与富集,并综合回收矿石中的硫矿物,可为该矿石的工业化开发提供可靠的数据支持。
对原矿进行了化学多元素、矿物组成和铜物相分析,结果分别见表1表2表3。由表1可知,矿石中可回收的主要元素为Cu,含有少量Au和Ag,主要杂质元素为SiO2、Al2O3。由表23可知,铜矿物主要为蓝辉铜矿,包含少部分铜蓝以及微量硫砷铜矿和黄铜矿,铜主要为次生硫化铜,铜矿物总氧化率为12.16%;其他硫化矿物主要为黄铁矿;脉石矿物主要有石英、明矾石、地开石等。综合原矿工艺矿物学特征分析可知,黄铁矿含量远高于铜矿物,将铜矿物与黄铁矿高效分离是提高铜选别指标的技术关键。
原矿中的硫化矿物包括硫化铜矿和黄铁矿,通过调整碱度可实现浮选铜而抑制黄铁矿的目的。但该矿石中铜矿物嵌布粒度不均,采用阶段磨矿阶段选别工艺更具经济性。具体试验方案为:①铜快速浮选,在相对较粗的磨矿细度条件下,先将大部分可浮性较好的铜矿物浮选出来,得到高品位铜精矿(铜精矿1);②混合浮选,采用强化捕收剂,同步回收含铜矿物的连生体颗粒以及硫矿物;③铜硫分离浮选,将混合粗精矿再磨,使铜矿物充分解离后进行铜硫分离浮选得到低品位铜精矿(铜精矿2)和硫精矿,实现细粒铜矿物的有效富集。试验原则流程如图1所示。
有用矿物充分解离是矿石获得有效分选的关键因素[7]。石灰用量800 g/t、丁铵黑药用量10 g/t、松醇油用量5 g/t条件下,考察了磨矿细度对铜快速浮选的影响,结果如图2所示。磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占比从50%提高到60%,精矿中Cu回收率和品位均提高;但进一步提高磨矿细度,Cu品位和回收率开始下降,主要是铜矿物过磨,导致浮选过程中铜矿物颗粒难以被捕获。综合考虑,铜快速浮选磨矿细度选择-0.074 mm粒级占60%为宜。
原矿中含有部分可浮性较好的黄铁矿,容易被浮选进入铜精矿,影响精矿质量。为了提高铜精矿品位,需使用抑制剂对黄铁矿进行选择性抑制。石灰是铜硫分选过程中应用广泛的抑制剂[8-9]。在磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占60%、丁铵黑药用量10 g/t、松醇油用量5 g/t条件下,考察了石灰用量对铜快速浮选的影响,结果如图3所示。石灰用量从400 g/t增加到800 g/t,精矿中Cu品位从14.97%显著提高至21.08%,Cu回收率也逐渐提高;继续增加石灰用量,Cu品位略有提高,而回收率开始降低。确定铜快速浮选石灰用量800 g/t为宜。
石灰用量800 g/t,其他条件不变,考察了捕收剂丁铵黑药用量对铜快速浮选的影响,结果如图4所示。随着丁铵黑药用量增加,精矿Cu回收率提高,Cu品位不断降低,丁铵黑药用量10 g/t时,可获得Cu回收率81.78%、Cu品位21.08%的较好指标;继续增加丁铵黑药用量,Cu回收率和品位均下降。铜快速浮选丁铵黑药用量10 g/t为宜。
混合浮选阶段为浮选活性较低的铜矿物和受抑制的硫矿物,需要使用捕收能力较强的捕收剂强化硫化矿物浮选,才能实现铜硫的同步回收。两种或多种捕收剂按照一定比例组合,其捕收性能和选择性能往往优于单一组分。
以铜品位0.07%的铜快速浮选尾矿为给矿,采用丁铵黑药与捕收能力更强的丁基黄药按质量比1∶1混合为捕收剂,考察了混合捕收剂用量对混合浮选的影响,结果如图5所示。随着混合捕收剂用量增加,混合粗精矿Cu回收率提高,Cu品位不断降低;混合捕收剂用量超过10 g/t后,Cu回收率下降。混合浮选捕收剂总用量10 g/t为宜。
丁铵黑药与丁基黄药总用量为10 g/t,考察了丁铵黑药与丁基黄药配比对混合浮选的影响,结果见图6。随着混合捕收剂中丁基黄药比例降低,混合粗精矿Cu品位不断上升,回收率呈先升高后降低的趋势。混合捕收剂浮选指标优于单一捕收剂指标,在丁铵黑药与丁基黄药质量比1∶1时,可获得较好的浮选指标。综合考虑,混合浮选捕收剂采用丁铵黑药和丁基黄药按质量比1∶1混合,总用量为10 g/t。
混合粗精矿中铜矿物多为连生体颗粒,直接浮选分离难以获得合格的铜精矿。对混合粗精矿进行再磨,可使连生体颗粒充分解离,并使受抑制矿物颗粒脱药,提高其浮选活性。以铜品位1.43%的混合粗精矿为给矿,再磨石灰用量300 g/t条件下,研究了再磨细度对铜硫分离效果的影响,结果如图7所示。随着再磨细度增加,铜精矿Cu品位先增加后减少,回收率减少、增加再减少。再磨细度-0.045 mm粒级占70%时,可获得较好的铜精矿指标。主要原因是矿石泥化,微细粒铜矿物难以被有效浮选。再磨细度-0.045 mm粒级占70%为宜。
在再磨细度-0.045 mm粒级占70%条件下,考察了铜硫分离抑制剂石灰用量对铜硫分离效果的影响,结果如图8所示。石灰用量从300 g/t增加到600 g/t时,铜精矿Cu回收率略有下降,Cu品位显著提高;进一步增加石灰用量,Cu品位呈下降趋势。铜硫分离浮选石灰用量600 g/t为宜。
根据条件试验确定的优化工艺参数,进行铜快速浮选-混合浮选-混合粗精矿再磨-铜硫分离浮选的全流程闭路试验,试验流程见图9,结果见表4。对Cu品位0.40%、S品位2.45%的原矿,闭路试验获得了Cu品位20.16%、回收率81.49%的高品位铜精矿和Cu品位13.56%、回收率6.19%的低品位铜精矿,混合铜精矿Cu品位19.49%、总回收率87.68%;硫精矿S品位48.65%、回收率35.11%,实现了该低品位铜矿中铜的高效分选富集以及硫的综合回收。
1)原矿中铜矿物主要为蓝辉铜矿,包含少部分铜蓝以及微量硫砷铜矿和黄铜矿,铜主要为次生硫化铜,铜矿物总氧化率为12.16%;硫矿物主要为黄铁矿;脉石矿物主要有石英、明矾石、地开石等。黄铁矿含量远高于铜矿物,将硫化铜矿物与黄铁矿高效分离是提高铜选别指标的关键。
2)对Cu品位0.40%、S品位2.45%的原矿,经铜快速浮选-混合浮选-混合粗精矿再磨后铜硫分离工艺,闭路试验获得了Cu品位19.49%、回收率87.68%的混合铜精矿和S品位48.65%、回收率35.11%的硫精矿,实现了该低品位铜矿中铜的高效富集以及硫的综合回收。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.019
  • 接收时间:2025-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08
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    紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建 上杭 364200
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.019
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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