Article(id=1241064281752523269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745769600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822382629, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822382629, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822382629, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822382629, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241064275599479114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='201', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822381162, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822785847, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=93, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241064282050318879, articleId=1241064281752523269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Experimental Study on Flotation Separation of a Gold-Antimony Concentrate from Russia, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An experimental study on flotation separation was conducted for a gold-antimony concentrate with grade of Sb and Au at 20.66% and 98.95 g/t, respectively, from Russia. In an experiment on antimony floatation while suppressing sulfur by adding efficient sulfur depressant of BK526, activator of lead nitrate, and collector of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate, the gold-antimony concentrate was ground to a fineness of -0.045 mm 86%, sodium sulfide and activated carbon was added to remove reagent and sulfuric acid was used to adjust the pulp pH to be acidic. Finally, it produced an antimony concentrate grading 51.56% Sb at 86.06% recovery, and a gold concentrate grading 108.35 g/t Au and 4.41% Sb, with gold recovery of 71.20%. It is shown that stibnite and gold-bearing pyrite can be efficiently separated.

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对锑品位20.66%和金品位98.95 g/t的俄罗斯某金锑精矿进行了浮选分离试验研究。结果表明,采用抑硫浮锑工艺,在磨矿细度-0.045 mm粒级占86%时,采用硫化钠和活性炭脱药处理,以硫酸调整矿浆pH值至酸性,加入高效硫抑制剂BK526、活化剂硝酸铅、捕收剂丁铵黑药,获得了锑品位51.56%、锑回收率86.06%的锑精矿和金品位108.35 g/t、金回收率71.20%、锑品位4.41%的金精矿,实现了辉锑矿和载金黄铁矿的高效分离。

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张一敏(1954—),男,河南许昌人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为洁净矿物加工、提取冶金、资源综合利用。E-mail:
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赵杰(1987—),男,湖北武汉人,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事选矿理论与工艺研究。E-mail:

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Multi-elemental analysis of gold-antimony concentrate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Au1)SbAg1)CuPbZnSAsTFe
98.9520.661.320.0210.13<0.0514.402.848.86
TCOCSiO2Al2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2O
3.971.4827.901.898.981.860.460.20
), ArticleFig(id=1241064300777886114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064281752523269, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

金锑精矿化学多元素分析结果(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Au1)SbAg1)CuPbZnSAsTFe
98.9520.661.320.0210.13<0.0514.402.848.86
TCOCSiO2Al2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2O
3.971.4827.901.898.981.860.460.20
), ArticleFig(id=1241064302430441893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064281752523269, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Collector type testing results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
捕收剂种类金品位/(g·t-1)锑品位/%金回收率/%锑回收率/%
乙基黄药93.3927.6161.2786.67
丁铵黑药83.7531.4249.9090.02
BK906110.6841.3333.8561.02
BK903G92.5138.8540.4781.87
), ArticleFig(id=1241064302845677994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064281752523269, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

捕收剂种类试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
捕收剂种类金品位/(g·t-1)锑品位/%金回收率/%锑回收率/%
乙基黄药93.3927.6161.2786.67
丁铵黑药83.7531.4249.9090.02
BK906110.6841.3333.8561.02
BK903G92.5138.8540.4781.87
), ArticleFig(id=1241064303265108408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064281752523269, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Closed-circuit test result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
SbAu1)SbAu
锑精矿34.5651.5682.9786.0628.80
金精矿65.444.41108.3513.9471.20
给矿100.0020.7199.58100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064303776813505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064281752523269, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

闭路试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
SbAu1)SbAu
锑精矿34.5651.5682.9786.0628.80
金精矿65.444.41108.3513.9471.20
给矿100.0020.7199.58100.00100.00
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俄罗斯某金锑精矿浮选分离试验研究
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赵杰 1, 2, 3 , 朱阳戈 3 , 张一敏 1, 2 , 赵志强 3 , 罗思岗 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(5): 93-97
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(5): 93-97
俄罗斯某金锑精矿浮选分离试验研究
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赵杰1, 2, 3 , 朱阳戈3, 张一敏1, 2 , 赵志强3, 罗思岗3
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 2.国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
  • 3.矿冶科技集团有限公司 矿物加工科学与技术全国重点实验室,北京 102600
  • 赵杰(1987—),男,湖北武汉人,博士研究生,正高级工程师,主要从事选矿理论与工艺研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张一敏(1954—),男,河南许昌人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为洁净矿物加工、提取冶金、资源综合利用。E-mail:
Experimental Study on Flotation Separation of a Gold-Antimony Concentrate from Russia
Jie ZHAO1, 2, 3 , Yangge ZHU3, Yimin ZHANG1, 2 , Zhiqiang ZHAO3, Sigang LUO3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
  • 2.National Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection for Mining and Metallurgy Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, BGRIMM Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.016
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对锑品位20.66%和金品位98.95 g/t的俄罗斯某金锑精矿进行了浮选分离试验研究。结果表明,采用抑硫浮锑工艺,在磨矿细度-0.045 mm粒级占86%时,采用硫化钠和活性炭脱药处理,以硫酸调整矿浆pH值至酸性,加入高效硫抑制剂BK526、活化剂硝酸铅、捕收剂丁铵黑药,获得了锑品位51.56%、锑回收率86.06%的锑精矿和金品位108.35 g/t、金回收率71.20%、锑品位4.41%的金精矿,实现了辉锑矿和载金黄铁矿的高效分离。

金锑精矿  /  金锑分离  /  辉锑矿  /  黄铁矿  /  抑硫浮锑  /  金  /  锑

An experimental study on flotation separation was conducted for a gold-antimony concentrate with grade of Sb and Au at 20.66% and 98.95 g/t, respectively, from Russia. In an experiment on antimony floatation while suppressing sulfur by adding efficient sulfur depressant of BK526, activator of lead nitrate, and collector of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate, the gold-antimony concentrate was ground to a fineness of -0.045 mm 86%, sodium sulfide and activated carbon was added to remove reagent and sulfuric acid was used to adjust the pulp pH to be acidic. Finally, it produced an antimony concentrate grading 51.56% Sb at 86.06% recovery, and a gold concentrate grading 108.35 g/t Au and 4.41% Sb, with gold recovery of 71.20%. It is shown that stibnite and gold-bearing pyrite can be efficiently separated.

gold-antimony concentrate  /  Au/Sb separation  /  stibnite  /  pyrite  /  sulfur suppression and antimony flotation  /  Au  /  Sb
赵杰, 朱阳戈, 张一敏, 赵志强, 罗思岗. 俄罗斯某金锑精矿浮选分离试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 93 -97 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.016
Jie ZHAO, Yangge ZHU, Yimin ZHANG, Zhiqiang ZHAO, Sigang LUO. Experimental Study on Flotation Separation of a Gold-Antimony Concentrate from Russia[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (5) : 93 -97 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.016
含锑金矿是典型的复杂难处理金矿[1-2],金精矿中锑的含量过高会对金的回收产生不利影响[3-4]。载金矿物黄铁矿和辉锑矿可浮性相近,使金锑混合精矿的分离难度大大增加[5-6]。混合浮选再分离是浮选分选金锑矿的常用工艺,辉锑矿与载金黄铁矿的分离[7]是金锑混合精矿分离的主要技术难点。这两种矿物的浮选分离工艺主要为抑锑浮硫和抑硫浮锑,如何降低金精矿和锑精矿中的金属互含、获得高质量的精矿产品是该类矿石选矿技术的重点和难点,辉锑矿与载金黄铁矿的高效分离仍是一个重要的选矿研究课题[8-9]。本文针对俄罗斯某锑品位20.66%、金品位98.95 g/t的金锑混合精矿,在工艺矿物学研究的基础上,进行了抑锑浮硫工艺和抑硫浮锑工艺的对比试验,并针对指标较好的抑硫浮锑工艺开展了详细浮选分离试验研究,获得了较好的分离指标。
俄罗斯某金锑精矿中的锑矿物主要为辉锑矿,其次为辉锑铅矿,偶尔还有锑和白锑等。其他金属矿物主要有毒砂、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等。非金属矿物主要为石英,其次为方解石、白云石和云母,还有少量绿泥石、碳质、黑云母、长石、钠长石、透辉石等。金锑精矿化学多元素分析结果见表1
辉锑矿和辉锑铅矿主要呈单体解离状态,部分与脉石矿物连生,部分与黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和毒砂等连生。锑矿物粒度大小不一,大部分小于0.074 mm,但也有部分锑矿物粒度较粗,可达0.3 mm。黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿主要呈单体解离状态,部分与脉石矿物连生,少量与锑矿物和毒砂连生。硫矿物粒度大小不一,总体较细,但也有部分颗粒较粗,可达0.2 mm。毒砂主要呈单体解离状态,部分与脉石矿物、锑矿物和硫矿物连生。毒砂粒度相对较细,大多小于0.074 mm。可见细粒金,部分呈单体解离状态,部分与毒砂和黄铁矿等连生,金的粒度大多小于0.01 mm。
+0.074 mm粒级中,锑品位较高,金品位较低。在其他粒级中,金、锑和硫品位差异不大。-0.020 mm粒级砷品位较低。金锑精矿中锑矿物和硫矿物解离度分别为85.98%和83.33%。毒砂解离度较差,仅73.37%。
综上所述,金锑精矿中脉石矿物含量较高,是影响锑精矿品位的主要因素之一。锑矿物虽然解离充分,但粒度分布不均,有的粗粒可达0.3 mm,在浮选过程中容易从泡沫中脱落。
金锑精矿的金锑分离实质上是把锑矿物从含金的硫矿物中分离出来,一般有两种方法:①抑制硫矿物(金)浮选锑矿物,锑矿物在碱性条件下可浮性较差,因此寻求在中性或酸性条件下抑制硫矿物是该工艺成功的关键;若金锑精矿中含有一定量的裸露自然金,自然金可浮性较好,难以被抑制,将会导致金在锑精矿中有一定的富集。②抑制锑矿物浮选硫矿物(金),在碱性条件下,锑矿物可浮性相对较差,抑制锑矿物浮选硫矿物成为可能,但本试验的金锑精矿中的锑矿物为辉锑矿和辉锑铅矿,给金锑分离带来一定的难度,因此采用2种工艺开展了探索试验。
2种工艺的探索试验结果表明:采用抑硫浮锑工艺可获得锑品位40.91%的锑精矿和锑品位3.95%的金精矿;采用抑锑浮硫工艺可获得锑品位8.78%的金精矿,金精矿中锑含量较高,金精选段的效率非常低。在此流程中,需先抑制锑矿物,然后再活化,工艺相对复杂。
经过工艺流程对比,抑硫浮锑工艺可获得合格的锑精矿,且金精矿中锑含量较低,工艺流程相对简单;而抑锑浮硫工艺流程相对较长,金精矿含锑较高,分离难度相对较大,因此选择抑硫浮锑工艺开展详细试验研究。金锑分离粗选试验流程见图1
由工艺矿物学研究结果可知,金锑精矿中含有一定量粗颗粒锑矿物,其粒度可达0.15 mm,上浮速度慢,容易损失在金精矿中,因此在硫化钠用量500 g/t、活性炭用量1 500 g/t、BK526用量300 g/t、两段粗选硫酸用量(2 000+1 500)g/t、两段粗选硝酸铅用量(600+200)g/t、两段粗选丁铵黑药总用量150 g/t(用量比为2∶1)条件下,进行了金锑分离粗选磨矿细度试验,结果见图2。随着磨矿细度增加,锑精矿中锑品位和回收率均呈增加趋势,而金品位呈降低趋势,-0.045 mm粒级占比超过86%后,锑粗精矿中锑品位和回收率增加幅度不明显。综合考虑,磨矿细度-0.045 mm粒级占86%为宜。
金锑精矿由原矿经过金锑混合浮选而获得,混合精矿中含有混合浮选的捕收剂如黄药类,硫化钠是采用解析法脱药时常用的一种药剂。磨矿细度-0.045 mm粒级占86%,其他条件不变,进行了金锑分离粗选硫化钠用量试验,结果见图3。结果表明:硫化钠用量0~500 g/t时,随着硫化钠用量增加,锑精矿中锑品位逐渐增加,金品位和回收率逐步降低;硫化钠用量超过500 g/t后,随着硫化钠用量增加,锑精矿中锑品位、金品位及金回收率变化幅度不大。综合考虑,硫化钠用量500 g/t为宜。
活性炭凭借其细密的孔隙网络和较大的比表面积,能有效吸附黄药和松醇油等残余药剂。硫化钠用量500 g/t,其他条件不变,进行了金锑分离粗选活性炭用量试验,结果见图4。结果表明,随着活性炭用量增加,锑精矿中锑品位逐渐增加,锑回收率、金品位和金回收率逐渐降低。综合考虑,活性炭用量1 500 g/t为宜。
BK526是矿冶科技集团有限公司自主研发的特效有机抑制剂,对黄铁矿有较好的抑制效果。活性炭用量1 500 g/t,其他条件不变,进行了金锑分离粗选BK526用量试验,结果见图5。结果表明:BK526可以有效抑制硫砷矿物,提高锑精矿锑品位;随着BK526用量增加,锑精矿锑品位逐渐上升,锑回收率、金品位和金回收率逐渐降低。综合考虑,BK526用量300 g/t为宜。
辉锑矿在酸性条件下可浮性较好,硫酸既能通过破坏药剂活性达到清洗矿物表面的目的,又能加剧矿物可浮性差异,起到选择性抑制的作用。BK526用量300 g/t,其他条件不变,进行了金锑分离粗选硫酸用量试验,结果见图6。结果表明,随着硫酸用量增加,锑精矿中锑回收率呈现上升趋势,且锑精矿中锑品位变化不大。综合考虑,两段粗选硫酸用量(2 000+1 500)g/t为宜。
硝酸铅是锑矿物有效的活化剂。两段粗选硫酸用量(2 000+1 500)g/t,其他条件不变,进行了金锑分离粗选硝酸铅用量试验,结果见图7。结果表明:随着硝酸铅用量增加,锑精矿中锑回收率增加;两段粗选硝酸铅用量超过(600+200)g/t后,继续增加硝酸铅用量,锑精矿中锑回收率增加幅度不明显。综合考虑,两段粗选硝酸铅用量(600+200)g/t为宜。
两段粗选硝酸铅用量(600+200)g/t,两段粗选捕收剂总用量为150 g/t(用量比2∶1),其他条件不变,进行了捕收剂种类条件试验,结果见表2。由表2可知,乙基黄药选择性差,锑精矿锑品位较低;BK906选择性好,可获得较高的锑品位,但回收率较低;丁铵黑药对锑矿物具有较好的捕收能力和选择性,锑精矿中锑回收率较高,且金品位较低。综合考虑,选择丁铵黑药为捕收剂。
在相同条件下进行了捕收剂丁铵黑药用量试验,结果见图8。由图8可知,锑粗精矿中锑回收率随着丁铵黑药用量增加逐步上升,金回收率也逐渐增加,丁铵黑药用量超过(100+50)g/t后,锑回收率提升不明显。综合考虑,两段粗选捕收剂丁铵黑药用量(100+50)g/t为宜。
基于开路试验结果,调整并优化工艺流程与药剂制度后,开展了浮选闭路试验,闭路试验结果见表3,试验流程见图9。闭路试验获得了锑品位51.56%、锑回收率86.06%的锑精矿和金品位108.35 g/t、金回收率71.20%、锑品位4.41%的金精矿。
1)金锑混合精矿金品位98.95 g/t,锑品位20.66%,锑矿物主要为辉锑矿,其次为辉锑铅矿,辉锑矿和辉锑铅矿主要呈单体解离状态,锑矿物粒度大部分小于0.074 mm。
2)针对金锑精矿工艺矿物学特性,在抑锑浮硫和抑硫浮锑试验结果对比基础上,确定采用抑硫浮锑工艺,闭路试验获得了锑品位51.56%、锑回收率86.06%的锑精矿和金品位108.35 g/t、金回收率71.20%、锑品位4.41%的金精矿,金锑分离效果显著。
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.016
  • 接收时间:2025-04-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28
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    1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430081
    2.国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430081
    3.矿冶科技集团有限公司 矿物加工科学与技术全国重点实验室,北京 102600

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张一敏(1954—),男,河南许昌人,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为洁净矿物加工、提取冶金、资源综合利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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