Article(id=1241064278929764497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744732800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822381956, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822381956, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822381956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822381956, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241064275599479114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='201', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822381162, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822785847, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=56, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241064280326467762, articleId=1241064278929764497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Real-Time Inversion of Wave Velocity Field in Mines and Seismic Source Positioning Based on Ray Tracing, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enhance the positioning accuracy of seismic source in underground mining and solve the problem of spatiotemporal changes in the wave velocity field caused by excavation disturbance and complex structures, seismic source relocation with real-time inversion of wave velocity field as a prior was proposed, which combined ray tracing and quasi-Newton iteration algorithm to realize dynamic update of wave velocity field and high-precision positioning of seismic source. The validity of this method was verified by synthetic monitoring and field testing. The synthetic monitoring results showed that compared to the least squares procedure, the real-time inversion resulted in the average positioning accuracy enhanced by 49.8% and the accuracy of wave velocity inversion exceeding 95%. In the field testing, a 180 m×180 m to-be-filled area in mining operation was taken for imaging target. Compared to the least squares procedure, this method brought the average error in positioning reduced by 7.074 m, and the accuracy of wave velocity inversion in each region exceeding 95%. The research indicates that this method not only is suitable for seismic source positioning in microseismic monitoring, but also can be used as a geophysical method for detecting passive imaging of goaf areas.

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为提高地下采矿过程中震源定位精度,解决因开挖扰动和复杂结构导致的波速场时空变化问题,提出一种基于实时反演波速场为先验条件的震源再定位方法。该方法结合射线追踪与拟牛顿迭代算法,实现波速场的动态更新与震源的高精度定位。通过合成测试与现场实验验证该方法的有效性。合成测试结果显示,实时反演法平均定位精度较最小二乘法提升49.8%,波速反演正确率可达95%以上。现场实验中,以180 m×180 m待开采充填区域为定位成像目标,该方法所得定位误差比最小二乘法平均降低了7.074 m,各区域波速反演正确率均超过95%。该方法不仅适用于微震监测中的震源定位,还可作为采空区被动成像的地球物理探测手段。

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吴子骏(2002—),男,江苏泰州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为震源监测。E-mail:
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马举(1988—),男,河北保定人,副教授,主要研究方向为矿山地震安全监测与灾害防控等。E-mail:

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马举(1988—),男,河北保定人,副教授,主要研究方向为矿山地震安全监测与灾害防控等。E-mail:

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马举(1988—),男,河北保定人,副教授,主要研究方向为矿山地震安全监测与灾害防控等。E-mail:

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Geophysical Journal International, 2018, 213(3): 2177-2192., articleTitle=Time-resolved tomography using acoustic emissions in the laboratory, and application to sandstone compaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241064306909966481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=王智洋, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王智洋. 基于时-空演化波速模型的岩石声发射源定位方法研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2022., articleTitle=基于时-空演化波速模型的岩石声发射源定位方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241064307027406999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=WANG Zhiyang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhiyang. Investigation of acoustic emission source location method for rock materials based on the temporally and spatially varied wave velocity model[D]. 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figureFileSmall=5y9/qLeeLPDv/ZYks27AUg==, figureFileBig=oOrs5Dev49j/GDXl4WB2yQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064297879630802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Structural parameters of wave velocity field in real model of synthetic monitoring

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合成测试Vin/R0V1/R1V2/R2V3/R3VoutE
阶段13.6/7.540
阶段23.6/7.54.1/1340
阶段33.6/7.54.2/134.1/1840
阶段43.6/7.54.3/134.2/184.1/2340
), ArticleFig(id=1241064298068374495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

合成测试实际模型波速场结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合成测试Vin/R0V1/R1V2/R2V3/R3VoutE
阶段13.6/7.540
阶段23.6/7.54.1/1340
阶段33.6/7.54.2/134.1/1840
阶段43.6/7.54.3/134.2/184.1/2340
), ArticleFig(id=1241064298194203624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Inversion parameters for synthetic monitoring

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号数值
网格细化因子10
测量拾取误差/μsσshot2
事件拾取误差/μsσevt2
最大迭代次数20
退出迭代时残差的容差1×10-6
拟牛顿迭代步长μn1
水平波速对数ln(Vh)误差σV0.2
各向异参数E误差σE0.2
相关长度/mmλ5
x位置误差/mmσx6
y位置误差/mmσy6
z位置误差/mmσz6
t0误差/μsσt00.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241064298378753009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

合成测试反演参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数符号数值
网格细化因子10
测量拾取误差/μsσshot2
事件拾取误差/μsσevt2
最大迭代次数20
退出迭代时残差的容差1×10-6
拟牛顿迭代步长μn1
水平波速对数ln(Vh)误差σV0.2
各向异参数E误差σE0.2
相关长度/mmλ5
x位置误差/mmσx6
y位置误差/mmσy6
z位置误差/mmσz6
t0误差/μsσt00.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241064298571690997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Structural parameters of wave velocity field in real model

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区域编号反映区域VpE
充填区2.50
采空区0.30
矿脉4.00
围岩5.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064298798182407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

实际模型的波速场结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域编号反映区域VpE
充填区2.50
采空区0.30
矿脉4.00
围岩5.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241064299188252688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Inversion parameters for mining stage in field testing

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参数对应符号数值
网格细化因子10
测量拾取误差/μsσshot1
事件拾取误差/μsσevt2
最大迭代次数2 000
退出迭代时残差的容差1×10-6
拟牛顿迭代步长μn0.1
水平波速对数ln(Vh)误差σV0.2
各向异参数E误差σE0.2
相关长度/mmλ2
x位置误差/mmσx0.7
y位置误差/mmσy0.7
z位置误差/mmσz0.7
t0误差/μsσt00.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241064299389579286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

现场实验开采阶段反演参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数对应符号数值
网格细化因子10
测量拾取误差/μsσshot1
事件拾取误差/μsσevt2
最大迭代次数2 000
退出迭代时残差的容差1×10-6
拟牛顿迭代步长μn0.1
水平波速对数ln(Vh)误差σV0.2
各向异参数E误差σE0.2
相关长度/mmλ2
x位置误差/mmσx0.7
y位置误差/mmσy0.7
z位置误差/mmσz0.7
t0误差/μsσt00.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241064299561545762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Table of inversion parameters for backfill stage in field testing

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参数符号数值
网格细化因子10
测量拾取误差/μsσshot0.3
事件拾取误差/μsσevt0.6
最大迭代次数2 000
退出迭代时残差的容差1×10-6
拟牛顿迭代步长μn0.2
水平波速对数ln(Vh)误差σV0.2
各向异参数E误差σE0.2
相关长度/mmλ2
x位置误差/mmσx0.2
y位置误差/mmσy0.2
z位置误差/mmσz0.2
t0误差/μsσt00.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241064299712540719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278929764497, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

现场实验充填阶段反演参数汇总表

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参数符号数值
网格细化因子10
测量拾取误差/μsσshot0.3
事件拾取误差/μsσevt0.6
最大迭代次数2 000
退出迭代时残差的容差1×10-6
拟牛顿迭代步长μn0.2
水平波速对数ln(Vh)误差σV0.2
各向异参数E误差σE0.2
相关长度/mmλ2
x位置误差/mmσx0.2
y位置误差/mmσy0.2
z位置误差/mmσz0.2
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基于射线追踪的矿山波速场实时反演与震源定位研究
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马举 , 吴子骏 , 侯娇兰
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(5): 56-62
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(5): 56-62
基于射线追踪的矿山波速场实时反演与震源定位研究
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马举 , 吴子骏 , 侯娇兰
作者信息
  • 中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 马举(1988—),男,河北保定人,副教授,主要研究方向为矿山地震安全监测与灾害防控等。E-mail:

通讯作者:

吴子骏(2002—),男,江苏泰州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为震源监测。E-mail:
Real-Time Inversion of Wave Velocity Field in Mines and Seismic Source Positioning Based on Ray Tracing
Ju MA , Zijun WU , Jiaolan HOU
Affiliations
  • School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.009
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为提高地下采矿过程中震源定位精度,解决因开挖扰动和复杂结构导致的波速场时空变化问题,提出一种基于实时反演波速场为先验条件的震源再定位方法。该方法结合射线追踪与拟牛顿迭代算法,实现波速场的动态更新与震源的高精度定位。通过合成测试与现场实验验证该方法的有效性。合成测试结果显示,实时反演法平均定位精度较最小二乘法提升49.8%,波速反演正确率可达95%以上。现场实验中,以180 m×180 m待开采充填区域为定位成像目标,该方法所得定位误差比最小二乘法平均降低了7.074 m,各区域波速反演正确率均超过95%。该方法不仅适用于微震监测中的震源定位,还可作为采空区被动成像的地球物理探测手段。

微震监测  /  震源定位  /  实时反演  /  射线追踪  /  波速场  /  先验模型

To enhance the positioning accuracy of seismic source in underground mining and solve the problem of spatiotemporal changes in the wave velocity field caused by excavation disturbance and complex structures, seismic source relocation with real-time inversion of wave velocity field as a prior was proposed, which combined ray tracing and quasi-Newton iteration algorithm to realize dynamic update of wave velocity field and high-precision positioning of seismic source. The validity of this method was verified by synthetic monitoring and field testing. The synthetic monitoring results showed that compared to the least squares procedure, the real-time inversion resulted in the average positioning accuracy enhanced by 49.8% and the accuracy of wave velocity inversion exceeding 95%. In the field testing, a 180 m×180 m to-be-filled area in mining operation was taken for imaging target. Compared to the least squares procedure, this method brought the average error in positioning reduced by 7.074 m, and the accuracy of wave velocity inversion in each region exceeding 95%. The research indicates that this method not only is suitable for seismic source positioning in microseismic monitoring, but also can be used as a geophysical method for detecting passive imaging of goaf areas.

microseismic monitoring  /  seismic source positioning  /  real-time inversion  /  ray tracing  /  wave velocity field  /  prior model
马举, 吴子骏, 侯娇兰. 基于射线追踪的矿山波速场实时反演与震源定位研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 56 -62 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.009
Ju MA, Zijun WU, Jiaolan HOU. Real-Time Inversion of Wave Velocity Field in Mines and Seismic Source Positioning Based on Ray Tracing[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (5) : 56 -62 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.009
随着浅部资源逐渐枯竭,地下采矿逐渐转至深部开采,原岩应力状态与地应力环境影响更加显著[1],容易引发岩爆、矿震、采空区失稳、采场冒顶等矿井动力灾害[2]。为保证深部资源安全开采,矿山需进行相应的安全监测,岩体断裂的震源定位是一种有效的实时监测方法。它主要通过记录岩体破裂过程中产生的微震信号,获取震源可能的空间位置和地震发生时刻,为采矿工程提供灾害预警。
在震源定位过程中,波速场先验模型是影响震源定位精度的主要因素之一,国内外诸多学者做了大量研究,从最初的单一波速场模型到分层波速模型,再到采用原位试验确定监测区内波速场的实测模型,都取得了良好的监测效果,至今仍有着广泛应用。但采矿活动会导致岩体内部的波速结构随时间和空间不断变化,一方面,采矿活动会导致周边区域发生较大的结构变化,不断交替出现采空区、充填体、松动体等,而弹性波波速受传播介质的种类、孔隙率、弹性模量等物理性质的显著影响[3];另一方面,采矿活动会导致周边应力重分布,出现应力集中区、应力降低区等,而弹性波波速与其受力状态、加载方向、位置等息息相关,这都导致了岩体内部波速场有明显的各向异性与不均匀性[4],使定位难以持续精确[5]。对此,国内外许多学者做了大量研究,提出了不同的波速模型或方法[6-8],但仍存在以下问题:①无法很好地反映实际波速结构在时间上的变化,难以应用于波速结构随采场应力、结构实时变化的情况;②多数模型与方法还是着眼于不断优化最初的波速模型以提高精度,但实际的波速场具有复杂的时空变化特征,故想要定位任意时刻的震源,仅对最初的波速模型进行优化,会导致累计误差较大。
为保证震源定位精度,本文提出一种以实时波速成像作为先验条件再执行震源定位的方法。即依靠实时数据,得到最新、更精确的波速场,以此进行震源定位的方法,以提高震源定位与波速场反演的精度。同时依靠实时反演波速成像,得到井下不同结构(巷道、采空区、充填体等)区域的实时变化,并通过合成测试、现场实验验证该方法的可靠性。
本文根据FaATSO(fast marching acoustic emission tomography using standard optimization)算法[7],提出结合拟牛顿迭代法与射线追踪法,以实时波速成像作为先验条件执行震源定位、波速反演(简称实时反演法)。算法主要包括3部分:配置初始数据;利用快速前进法解决正向问题;利用拟牛顿迭代法解决逆问题。具体算法流程见图1
1)根据成像定位区域的大小与精度要求确定单位网格立方体的尺寸,一般网格越密,成像定位精度越高,相应的计算量越大,处理时间越长。但当网格密度足够密时,进一步的网格细化并不能显著提高成像定位的精度。波速场先验模型为大小相同的网格矩阵M,在各节点处填入对应的水平纵波波速Vh与各向异性系数E
2)根据事件位置、传感器位置、波速场先验模型,通过在线性加密内追踪射线,利用快速前进法求解,得到传感器与事件的理论到达时间与导数。
3)根据传感器位置、先验事件位置、传感器与事件的观测到达时间、先验波速场结构,并预先设置反演参数,在限制迭代范围的同时提高计算速度,导出每次迭代结果用于进度监控,检查是否收敛,若收敛,则输出带射线路径的反演波速场结构与震源位置,否则回到步骤2)继续迭代至收敛或停止运算。
为验证实时反演法的准确性,首先在可控条件下进行合成测试,即在模拟环境下对FaATSO算法进行验证测试,主要包括4个步骤,具体合成测试流程如图2所示。
1)建立模型网格。假设场景中有一块100 mm×100 mm×100 mm的岩石,以此建立网格间隔为5 mm的网格模型(也作为先验模型的网格)。
2)建立实际模型,包括波速场结构、传感器位置以及事件位置。①在岩石内并排有3个半径R0=7.5 mm的孔,孔心分别位于(xy)=(50,20)、(50,50)、(50,80)处。孔中均放置膨胀剂,随着化学反应的进行,膨胀剂膨胀挤压孔壁,使孔壁周边应力场发生变化,导致内部波速场发生变化,具体表现为:在孔壁周边一定范围内波速取得最大值,然后向外逐渐衰减。在该变化过程中,选取4个阶段作为实际波速场结构。②岩石四周分别均匀分布16个位置确定的传感器。③受膨胀载荷的影响,孔周边一定范围内(40<X<70)随机分布200个声发射事件(各事件位置坐标确定),具体如图3所示(图中“▲”为传感器位置,“X”为实际事件位置)。各孔内P波波速记为Vin,各孔周边P波波速依次记为V1V2V3,衰减半径依次记为R1R2R3。其余区域P波波速记为Vout
合成测试实际模型波速场结构参数见表1
3)建立先验模型,关键在于各个阶段先验事件位置。先借助FaATSO算法求解正向问题,得到事件和触发传感器的理论到达时间,并增添误差模拟得到观测到达时间,然后利用最小二乘法求得各个阶段粗略震源位置,以此作为各阶段先验事件位置。但最小二乘法定位精度与使用传感器数量相关,为了减小该误差对后续反演定位的影响,需要进一步明确实际模型各阶段使用传感器合适的数量。合成测试传感器数量对各阶段定位误差分布如图4所示。由图4可知,阶段1及阶段2使用12个传感器时定位误差最小;阶段3及阶段4使用13个传感器时定位误差最小(使用n个传感器即前n个触发的传感器)。
4)借助观测到达时间、先验事件位置与传感器位置、先验波速场结构以及反演参数(见表2),采用实时反演法得出各阶段波速场结构与震源位置。需要说明的是,实时反演法中波速场结构是实时迭代的,故只需要建立最初的先验波速场结构。在本测试中,使用实际模型阶段1的波速场结构,以此反演得出对应的波速场并定位震源后,再以阶段1的反演波速场结果作为阶段2的先验波速场模型,求解阶段2的反演波速场结构并定位震源,以此类推,得出各阶段的波速场结构与震源位置,如图5所示,图中“▲”为传感器位置,“X”为实际事件位置,白线为各传感器之间的射线路径,红线为事件至各传感器的射线路径。
5)合成测试分析。采用实时反演法和最小二乘法得到阶段1~4的震源定位误差,如图6所示,采用实时反演法得到的各个阶段定位误差均小于最小二乘法得到的定位误差,这表明实时反演法在震源定位方面有更高的精度。以三孔内部波速为对比区域、7%作为误差允许值,采用实时反演法得到的阶段1~4波速正确率分别为100%、100%、100%、95.8%,可见实时反演法在波速场反演方面也有较高精度。
以山东某金矿上向进路充填采矿法工作面为工程背景进行现场实验。现场情况如图7所示,定位成像目标为图中方框区域,尺寸为180 m×180 m,图中“▲”为传感器位置。实验步骤分5步:①在区域巷道周边布设钻探孔并安设传感器进行主动监测与被动监测;②建立符合现场情况的实际模型(开采、充填两种情形);③借助监测到达时间,采用最小二乘法得到先验震源位置;④建立最初先验波速场模型,采用实时反演法对该区域进行实时波速场反演与震源定位;⑤进行定位误差与波速场误差分析。实验流程见图8
根据现场调研情况,建立符合现场情况的实际开采模型(开采阶段1~4)。各阶段爆破事件位置与传感器位置明确,真实爆破事件假设位于现场开采过程中各钻孔内部,具体如图9所示,图中“▲”为传感器位置,“●”为实际爆破位置。各区域参数见表3
借助监测到时,采用最小二乘法得到各开采阶段粗略爆破震源位置,作为后续各阶段先验模型中先验爆破事件位置。
根据现场情况建立反演开采阶段1所需的先验波速场结构,在本实验中采用矿脉位置P波波速4.0 km/s,其余位置P波波速5.0 km/s的简单波速场模型。然后,使用实时反演法对各开采阶段进行定位成像,开采阶段使用的反演参数如表4所示,反演结果如图10所示,图中“▲”为传感器位置,“●”为实际爆破位置,“X”为最小二乘法得到的爆破位置,“■”为实时反演法得到的爆破位置,实线为各传感器之间的射线路径,虚线为爆破事件至各传感器的射线路径。
开采阶段现场实验结果分析:
1)震源定位。根据图10计算得到各开采阶段爆破事件平均定位误差,如图11所示,实时反演法得到的开采阶段1~4定位误差分别为0.770、0.781、0.617、0.960 m,最小二乘定位法得到的阶段1~4定位误差分别为0.762、8.982、10.162、14.038 m。相比最小二乘法,实时反演法得到的开采阶段1~4定位误差分别降低了-0.008、8.201、9.545、13.078 m,平均降低了7.074 m。
2)波速成像。根据图10计算得到的各开采阶段波速误差如图12所示,开采阶段采空区波速的平均误差为0.2 km/s,其余区域误差均在0.01 km/s之内。图10中各区域之间颜色区别明显,可较为清晰地掌握实际开采的实施进程。
为进一步确定该方法在实际充填过程中的适用性,对充填阶段进行现场实验。与开采过程类似,首先,建立符合现场情况的实际模型(充填阶段1~4),不同的是,充填过程中区域内爆破或微震事件较少,所以仅使用传感器互发射线进行区域成像,如图13所示,图中“▲”为传感器位置,各区域具体参数同表3
借助实时反演法对充填各阶段进行实时波速成像。其中,采用的最初先验波速场模型为开采阶段4的反演波速场结构。充填阶段反演参数如表5所示,各阶段反演结果如图14所示,图中曲线为各传感器之间的射线路径。
根据图14计算得到的各充填阶段波速误差如图15所示,在波速成像方面,充填各阶段的采空区波速误差保持在0.4 km/s,其余区域误差均在0.01 km/s之内。此外,从图14能清晰区分出充填区、采空区和围岩的体积变化情况,可有效帮助把握实际充填进程。
通过合成测试与现场实验,系统验证了基于射线追踪的波速场实时反演方法在矿山震源定位与波速成像中的适用性与优势,主要结论如下:
1)实时反演法能够动态反映井下采矿与充填作业的推进过程,通过波速场变化直观展示采空区、充填体等结构的时空演化,为工程监测提供了可视化手段。该方法显著提升了对复杂地质条件下波速结构变化的适应能力,克服了传统方法因先验模型固定而导致的误差积累问题。
2)在现场实验震源定位方面,实时反演法较传统最小二乘法定位误差平均降低7.074 m,精度提升5~10倍,尤其在复杂波速结构条件下表现更为稳定。且现场实验可保持95%以上的波速反演正确率,体现出较强的适用性。
3)该方法对先验模型依赖性低,即使初始模型与实际情况差异较大,仍能通过迭代反演获得高精度的波速场与震源位置,具有较强的工程适用性。此外,通过反演成像可清晰识别充填区、采空区和围岩等结构,为矿山安全监测与灾害预警提供了可靠的技术支持。
4)实时反演法在震源定位与波速成像方面均具有显著优势,不仅适用于微震监测中的高精度定位,还可作为采空区被动成像的地球物理探测技术,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.009
  • 接收时间:2025-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16
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    中南大学 资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083

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吴子骏(2002—),男,江苏泰州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为震源监测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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