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Article(id=1241064278623580304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745769600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773822381883, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773822381883, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773822381883, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822381883, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241064275599479114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='201', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773822381162, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773822785847, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241065973038501947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1241064275599479114, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241064279902843046, articleId=1241064278623580304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Fracture Development and Stability Analysis of Slopes Based on Rock Mass Blockiness, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As for fracture development and potential instability in the open-pit bench slopes in Dabaoshan in Guangdong Province, the blockiness was proposed to be taken as a quantitative measure of rock mass integrity. Based on the existing data, 72 potentially unstable zones on the western slope were identified. The structural characteristics of the rock mass were analyzed based on investigation of fracture occurrence characteristics and 3D fracture network modeling, and rock mass integrity was also evaluated by blockiness analysis. It is found that there are fully-developed fractures with good ductility in all the zones, creating the structural conditions for block formation; in 84.9% of the zones, the inclination angle of superior fractures and the slope inclination angle are supplementary, which can significantly reduce sliding risks; in 97.3% of the zones, the blockiness of rock mass is less than 27, indicating mild blockiness, good integrity of rock mass, and overall high stability. There are only rock mass with blockiness over 27 in Zone 6# and Zone 46#, presenting moderate blockiness. In these two zones, the rock mass structure is significantly degraded, leading to reduction in damage tolerance. It is concluded that there are potential risk of slope instability in those two zones, which should be taken as the focus in the subsequent disaster prevention and control for the slopes in Dabaoshan.

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针对广东大宝山露天台阶边坡裂隙发育及潜在失稳问题，提出以岩体块体化程度作为岩体完整性的量化指标。基于已有资料划定西帮72个潜在失稳区域，通过裂隙赋存特征调查与三维裂隙网络建模，解构岩体结构特征，并利用块体化程度分析法评估岩体完整性。结果表明：所有区域裂隙发育完全且延展性良好，具备形成块体的结构条件；84.9%的区域优势裂隙组与边坡呈倾角互补等有利组合关系，显著降低了滑移风险；97.3%的区域岩体块体化程度小于27，属于轻度块状化，岩体完整性较好，整体稳定性较高。仅6#、46#区域块体化程度值超过27，达到中度块体化，岩体结构劣化明显，抗破坏能力显著下降，这2块区域存在边坡潜在失稳风险，应作为大宝山边坡后续灾害防治重点关注区域。

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陈庆发（1979—），男，河南郸城人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩体结构三维解构理论与技术研究。E-mail：
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梁智星（2000—），男，四川泸州人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石力学与工程应用研究。E-mail：

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梁智星（2000—），男，四川泸州人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石力学与工程应用研究。E-mail：

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梁智星（2000—），男，四川泸州人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石力学与工程应用研究。E-mail：

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The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2017, 27(5): 1006-1015., articleTitle=Deconstruction method and numerical simulation method of determination of tunnel roof's dangerous area in caving stoping process, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241064294121534294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, awardId=Z016015, language=CN, fundingSource=岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室开放课题(Z016015), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241064282255847681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241064282268430594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, companyId=1241064282255847681, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China), 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province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东省大宝山矿业有限公司，广东　韶关　512127)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241064289528771151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=General scope for fracture investigation, figureFileSmall=wBY2ezAMi6U8ux5Qkmb6rQ==, figureFileBig=vKCi5AWbI7KD+Lfg/X6N3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064289637823066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=图1, caption=裂隙调查总体范围, figureFileSmall=wBY2ezAMi6U8ux5Qkmb6rQ==, figureFileBig=vKCi5AWbI7KD+Lfg/X6N3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064289939812980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Actual condition of fractured rock mass in investigated zones, figureFileSmall=ZGvInK2zb3k0yH8venmmiw==, figureFileBig=K1yIDFzb9dKL+jXpE7sACQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064290040476286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=图2, caption=部分裂隙调查区域实况图, figureFileSmall=ZGvInK2zb3k0yH8venmmiw==, figureFileBig=K1yIDFzb9dKL+jXpE7sACQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064290132750984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Statistics of fracture development features, figureFileSmall=sqAT6phgPcA8o8Eap+COfA==, figureFileBig=snB4hYNehkOUBVNnVe0JgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064290313106070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=图3, caption=裂隙发育特征统计, figureFileSmall=sqAT6phgPcA8o8Eap+COfA==, figureFileBig=snB4hYNehkOUBVNnVe0JgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064290438935202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Volume percentage of rock blockiness in each investigated zones, figureFileSmall=YLpI8L3YkQrSp+Mp9ei7qw==, figureFileBig=VaCLEjvAwEk4gECRx9F4cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064290556375729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各调查区域岩体块体化体积百分比, figureFileSmall=YLpI8L3YkQrSp+Mp9ei7qw==, figureFileBig=VaCLEjvAwEk4gECRx9F4cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064290715759293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Blockiness of rock mass in each investigated zones, figureFileSmall=e6s17NZehhN/fCF7gCHJoQ==, figureFileBig=nQLhgzBhc/QRjr4AMV93ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064290858365643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各调查区域岩体块体化程度值, figureFileSmall=e6s17NZehhN/fCF7gCHJoQ==, figureFileBig=nQLhgzBhc/QRjr4AMV93ow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241064291047109336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fracture features corresponding to traditional slope failure modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
破坏模式对应裂隙特征
平面破坏边坡结构面的走向、倾向与坡面基本一致，且边坡角大于结构面的倾角
楔形破坏边坡存在两组结构面，且结构面的倾向相反，其组合交线的倾向与坡面倾向基本一致，且交线的倾角小于坡角而大于其摩擦角
圆弧破坏含有均匀松散介质、冲积层、大型岩层破碎带；有3组或多种产状各异的软弱结构面存在，且与边坡面同向；含强风化碎裂结构的岩体；某些强度很低的岩石边坡；软弱结构面的产状各异且均不与边坡面同向；两侧面脱开
倾倒破坏边坡逆层节理异常发育，且接近垂直边坡方向
), ArticleFig(id=1241064291118412513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

常见边坡破坏模式对应的裂隙特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
破坏模式对应裂隙特征
平面破坏边坡结构面的走向、倾向与坡面基本一致，且边坡角大于结构面的倾角
楔形破坏边坡存在两组结构面，且结构面的倾向相反，其组合交线的倾向与坡面倾向基本一致，且交线的倾角小于坡角而大于其摩擦角
圆弧破坏含有均匀松散介质、冲积层、大型岩层破碎带；有3组或多种产状各异的软弱结构面存在，且与边坡面同向；含强风化碎裂结构的岩体；某些强度很低的岩石边坡；软弱结构面的产状各异且均不与边坡面同向；两侧面脱开
倾倒破坏边坡逆层节理异常发育，且接近垂直边坡方向
), ArticleFig(id=1241064291219075818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Grading of fracture spacing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
裂隙密集程度间距/mm
极密集间距<20
很密间距20～60
密集间距60～200
中等间距200～600
宽间距600～2 000
很宽间距2 000～6 000
极宽间距>6 000
), ArticleFig(id=1241064291353293560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

裂隙密集程度分级标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
裂隙密集程度间距/mm
极密集间距<20
很密间距20～60
密集间距60～200
中等间距200～600
宽间距600～2 000
很宽间距2 000～6 000
极宽间距>6 000
), ArticleFig(id=1241064291453956869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Grading of fracture continuity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
裂隙连续性分级迹长/m
很低连续性<1
低连续性1～3
中等连续性3～10
高连续性10～20
很高连续性>20
), ArticleFig(id=1241064291567203089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

裂隙连续性分级标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
裂隙连续性分级迹长/m
很低连续性<1
低连续性1～3
中等连续性3～10
高连续性10～20
很高连续性>20
), ArticleFig(id=1241064291726586660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1241064278623580304, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of rock structure in some investigated zones

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调查区编号块体总数/块复杂块体数/块
1#75039
2#55465
3#1 103181
4#86895
︙
70#4 076682
71#2 432312
72#1 950275
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部分调查区岩体结构解构结果统计

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调查区编号块体总数/块复杂块体数/块
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2#55465
3#1 103181
4#86895
︙
70#4 076682
71#2 432312
72#1 950275
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Grading criteria for blockiness of fractured rock mass

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块体化程度块体化程度分级岩体完整性工程地质特征
<7非块状化岩体完整结构面间距较大，结构面结合程度好或一般，岩体呈整体状或巨厚层状结构
7～27轻度块状化岩体较完整结构面发育程度较好，结合程度好或一般，岩体呈块状或厚层状结构
27～55中度块状化岩体较破碎有多组较发育的结构面，结合程度差或一般，岩体呈块状或镶嵌碎裂状结构
55～85块状化岩体破碎有多组发育的结构面，结合程度较差，岩体呈块状或碎裂状结构
≥85严重块状化岩体极破碎有较多杂乱无序的结构面，且结合程度很差，岩体被结构面切割成散体状结构
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裂隙岩体块体化程度分级标准

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块体化程度块体化程度分级岩体完整性工程地质特征
<7非块状化岩体完整结构面间距较大，结构面结合程度好或一般，岩体呈整体状或巨厚层状结构
7～27轻度块状化岩体较完整结构面发育程度较好，结合程度好或一般，岩体呈块状或厚层状结构
27～55中度块状化岩体较破碎有多组较发育的结构面，结合程度差或一般，岩体呈块状或镶嵌碎裂状结构
55～85块状化岩体破碎有多组发育的结构面，结合程度较差，岩体呈块状或碎裂状结构
≥85严重块状化岩体极破碎有较多杂乱无序的结构面，且结合程度很差，岩体被结构面切割成散体状结构
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基于岩体块体化程度指标的边坡裂隙发育及稳定性分析
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梁智星 1 , 梁智元 1 , 邓文轩 1 , 陈庆发 1 , 王浚名 2 , 黄静毅 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(5): 34-40
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(5): 34-40
基于岩体块体化程度指标的边坡裂隙发育及稳定性分析
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梁智星1 , 梁智元1, 邓文轩1, 陈庆发1 , 王浚名2, 黄静毅2
作者信息
  • 1.广西大学　资源环境与材料学院，广西　南宁　530004
  • 2.广东省大宝山矿业有限公司，广东　韶关　512127

    • 梁智星（2000—），男，四川泸州人，硕士研究生，主要从事岩石力学与工程应用研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

陈庆发（1979—），男，河南郸城人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩体结构三维解构理论与技术研究。E-mail：
Fracture Development and Stability Analysis of Slopes Based on Rock Mass Blockiness
Zhixing LIANG1 , Zhiyuan LIANG1, Wenxuan DENG1, Qingfa CHEN1 , Junming WANG2, Jingyi HUANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
  • 2.Guangdong Dabaoshan Mining Co., Ltd., Shaoguan 512127, Guangdong, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.006
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摘要
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针对广东大宝山露天台阶边坡裂隙发育及潜在失稳问题，提出以岩体块体化程度作为岩体完整性的量化指标。基于已有资料划定西帮72个潜在失稳区域，通过裂隙赋存特征调查与三维裂隙网络建模，解构岩体结构特征，并利用块体化程度分析法评估岩体完整性。结果表明：所有区域裂隙发育完全且延展性良好，具备形成块体的结构条件；84.9%的区域优势裂隙组与边坡呈倾角互补等有利组合关系，显著降低了滑移风险；97.3%的区域岩体块体化程度小于27，属于轻度块状化，岩体完整性较好，整体稳定性较高。仅6#、46#区域块体化程度值超过27，达到中度块体化，岩体结构劣化明显，抗破坏能力显著下降，这2块区域存在边坡潜在失稳风险，应作为大宝山边坡后续灾害防治重点关注区域。

边坡稳定性  /  裂隙岩体  /  台阶边坡  /  块体化程度  /  岩体完整性  /  风险识别  /  岩体评价指标

As for fracture development and potential instability in the open-pit bench slopes in Dabaoshan in Guangdong Province, the blockiness was proposed to be taken as a quantitative measure of rock mass integrity. Based on the existing data, 72 potentially unstable zones on the western slope were identified. The structural characteristics of the rock mass were analyzed based on investigation of fracture occurrence characteristics and 3D fracture network modeling, and rock mass integrity was also evaluated by blockiness analysis. It is found that there are fully-developed fractures with good ductility in all the zones, creating the structural conditions for block formation; in 84.9% of the zones, the inclination angle of superior fractures and the slope inclination angle are supplementary, which can significantly reduce sliding risks; in 97.3% of the zones, the blockiness of rock mass is less than 27, indicating mild blockiness, good integrity of rock mass, and overall high stability. There are only rock mass with blockiness over 27 in Zone 6# and Zone 46#, presenting moderate blockiness. In these two zones, the rock mass structure is significantly degraded, leading to reduction in damage tolerance. It is concluded that there are potential risk of slope instability in those two zones, which should be taken as the focus in the subsequent disaster prevention and control for the slopes in Dabaoshan.

slope stability  /  fractured rock mass  /  bench slope  /  blockiness  /  rock mass integrity  /  risk identification  /  rock mass evaluation index
梁智星, 梁智元, 邓文轩, 陈庆发, 王浚名, 黄静毅. 基于岩体块体化程度指标的边坡裂隙发育及稳定性分析. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.006
Zhixing LIANG, Zhiyuan LIANG, Wenxuan DENG, Qingfa CHEN, Junming WANG, Jingyi HUANG. Fracture Development and Stability Analysis of Slopes Based on Rock Mass Blockiness[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (5) : 34 -40 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.006
正文
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边坡稳定性对露天矿山安全生产至关重要[1]，对存在大量裂隙切割的岩质边坡而言，确保块体稳定就是保障边坡稳定。块体化程度MBi作为一种评价岩体完整性的指标，能从三维角度反映岩体的破碎程度[2]，进而反映存在可移动危险块体的可能性。分析岩体的块体化程度可以作为判断边坡岩体完整性的依据，进而评估边坡在外部荷载作用下的变形和破坏风险，对保障露天矿山安全生产具有重要意义。
块体化程度是指岩体被裂隙切割成离散块体体系的程度，量化指标为块体百分比B，定义为岩体中被结构面切割圈闭形成的块体体积之和与岩体总体积的比值[3-4]。与传统指标相比，块体化程度指标的优势在于它可以从三维角度评估岩体完整性[5]。众多学者对块体化程度开展了理论研究：针对块体化程度等级划分不合理、未限定基础应用条件等缺陷，通过借鉴岩石质量指标RQD、三维块度模数等计算原理对其进行了完善[6]；利用General Block软件建立裂隙网络模型及块体识别计算，总结归纳了裂隙延展性统计分布的离散程度对块体化程度的影响[7]；为确定各裂隙参数对块体化程度的影响，基于灰色关联分析法从根本上阐述了块体化程度指标的内在影响机制[8]。
块体化程度以岩体的内部结构，特别是裂隙、断层等结构面的发育情况为分析对象[7，9]，在工程应用中主要侧重于块体之间的相互作用和稳定性。但目前在实际工程中，对裂隙岩体仍主要以整体或组合体进行分析，鲜有块体化分析。本文以广东大宝山露天台阶边坡中因裂隙发育而形成的潜在失稳区域为研究背景，通过采区原有工程地质特征区的潜在破坏模式[10]选择重点区域进行裂隙调查与分析，根据调查分析结果构建三维裂隙网络边坡模型用于块体化程度统计分析，最后依据块体化程度分级对岩体完整性进行判断。
1　矿山概况
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广东大宝山露天矿采场生产规模330万t/a，总采剥量为（2 700～3 000）万t。矿区面积达2.907 km2，采场南北方向上部长约2 400 m、下部长约1 480 m；采场最高开采标高985 m、最低标高433 m。矿区属岭南中低山构造侵蚀地貌，地形较陡，山系总体呈南北走向。地表高程300～1 020.41 m，相对高差300～700 m。矿床位于大宝山向斜盆地中，产状较平缓，岩性较单一，无软弱夹层。东西向、北东向断裂破碎带生成于成矿前，且均被矿体、断层角砾等物质所填充，至今没有活动迹象，比较稳定。
2　边坡裂隙调查分析
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2.1　裂隙调查范围与类型
根据矿山生产要求，圈定的裂隙调查总体范围为大宝山露天采场西帮+697 m平台至+985 m平台，台阶高度24 m，勘探线自南向北从14线至61线，总面积约为55万m2。裂隙调查总体范围如图1所示。
结合裂隙调查范围结构面特征，采用赤平投影分析法分析边坡潜在破坏模式[11]，得到裂隙调查范围内边坡潜在破坏模式以圆弧破坏为主，其次还存在平面破坏、楔形破坏和倾倒破坏[10]。
岩质边坡的变形与破坏存在不同模式[12-13]，各破坏模式与边坡裂隙特征相对应，如表1所示。通过相应的裂隙特征可以判断边坡潜在破坏模式[14-15]，反之，通过边坡的潜在破坏模式亦可判断边坡的裂隙特征。
根据裂隙调查总体范围内可能存在的潜在破坏模式所对应的裂隙特征，确定了裂隙调查的重点区域，以此划定了72个裂隙调查区域，各调查区域的具体位置见图1，部分调查区实况图与利用精测网法[16]测量得到的裂隙迹线（迹线长2 m以上）如图2所示。
2.2　裂隙调查结果与分析
裂隙特征的分析步骤如下：首先使用Dips软件对各调查区域进行裂隙分组，根据裂隙分组得到裂隙组的发育频度，统计出优势组；然后统计裂隙的密集情况以及连续性情况；最后依据优势结构面与边坡产状的关系及结构面其他统计特征总结分析调查区域的稳定情况[17]。其中，裂隙组的发育频度是指各组裂隙数目与总数的比值[18]，规定比值大于0.2的组为优势组；边坡产状与优势裂隙产状的夹角小于30°时，裂隙不利于边坡稳定性[19-20]。裂隙密集程度分级标准如表2所示。裂隙连续性分级标准[21]如表3所示。
统计所有调查区域的裂隙发育特征，结果如图3所示。在所有的裂隙调查区域中，高连续性裂隙调查区占比较大，裂隙间距主要为宽间距或中等间距，大多数裂隙对边坡稳定无明显影响（边坡产状与优势裂隙产状的夹角小于30°时），调查区裂隙总体对边坡稳定性不存在较大威胁。
《工程岩体分级标准》[22]将评价岩体质量的2个基本因素定为岩体完整性与岩体抗压强度，其中岩体完整性与结构面发育程度密切相关。裂隙间距、迹长（延展性）是影响裂隙发育程度极大的2个因素。裂隙迹长（延展性）越长、间距越小，说明裂隙发育程度越高，岩体完整性越差，反之亦然。当裂隙组数一定时，裂隙发育程度主要与间距和延展性有关，结构面产状、分布类型等参数对裂隙影响较小，甚至可以忽略不计。从各个调查区域的裂隙分组、裂隙间距以及裂隙连续性分析，各个调查区域的裂隙发育程度比较完全，有较好的延展性，并且84.9%的调查区域的优势组裂隙与边坡组合属于有利的组合关系，裂隙对边坡稳定性不存在较大威胁。
3　边坡裂隙岩体结构解构及块体化程度分析
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块体化程度采用块体百分比B表示，表征单元体是指块体百分比达到基本稳定时岩体的临界尺寸[23]。块体百分比越大，表示块体化程度越高、岩体完整性越差。
3.1　边坡裂隙岩体模型构建与分析
基于边坡岩体表面裂隙调查结果，利用General Block软件[24]生成非裸露方向随机裂隙，构建各调查区域三维裂隙网络模型[25-26]，并重构各调查区域台阶边坡岩体结构[27]，再解构各调查区域边坡岩体结构，得到各调查区域的块体总数与复杂块体数，部分结果如表4所示。
3.2　边坡岩体块体化程度分析
岩体块体化程度评价分析方法计算流程为：①在选定的研究区域开展结构面数据调查，并利用Dips软件统计、分析结构面数据；②根据结构面分布规律及岩体物理力学性质，确定统计均质区大小；③基于均质区尺寸，构建三维岩体模型，进行三维裂隙网络模拟，并解算和识别赋存于岩体内的块体，分别计算各块度范围的块体体积百分比与岩体块体化程度；④根据块体化程度分级标准（见表5），确定岩体块体化程度级别[6]。
基于裂隙岩体内结构体识别与计算结果，按照0～0.008、0.008～0.03、0.03～0.2、0.2～1.0、>1.0 m3共5个块度范围[6]分类统计各块度范围的结构体总体积Vi（i=1，2，…，5）：
式中：Vm为各结构体的体积，m3；n为第i个块度范围内的结构体数量，个。
根据式（1）计算结果，分别计算各块度范围结构体所对应的块体体积百分比Bi：
式中V为整个岩体的总体积，m3。
根据式（2）计算结果，计算岩体块体化程度MBi：
依据岩体结构解构结果，得到各个裂隙调查区不同块度范围结构体所对应的块体体积百分比，如图4所示。各调查区0～0.008 m3范围内的块体占比极小，均不到1%；绝大部分调查区>1.0 m3范围内的裂隙块度占比达到50%以上，有些区域甚至在90%以上；6#、17#、31#、56#、59#调查区以0.2～1.0 m3范围内的块体为主。
根据图4统计结果，利用式（3）计算得到各个调查区域岩体块体化程度值，如图5所示。由图5可知，裂隙调查区内岩体块体化程度等级呈现显著的空间分布特征：轻度块状化岩体区域占研究区总面积的97.3%，构成优势分布；中度块状化岩体区域仅占2.7%，表明边坡岩体完整性较好。6#、46#调查区岩体块体化程度达到中度等级。由于中度块状化岩体结构面发育程度较高，岩体稳定性相对较差，致使这2个区域潜在失稳风险显著增高。基于灾害防治的优先级原则，建议将6#、46#区域作为大宝山地质灾害重点防治区域，采取严密的边坡监测和针对性的防治措施。
4　块体化程度优势分析
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块体化程度可以全面反映岩体结构整体性。相较于传统评价指标，块体化程度评价指标具有以下优势：
1）规避了人为主观判断对最终评价结果的影响。块体化程度评价体系通过应用Dips软件对结构面数据进行系统分析与统计处理，结合General Block软件构建三维岩体模型，并对岩体结构进行三维重构，从而获取块体化程度分析所需的基础数据。在整个过程中，评价主要依赖于软件工具的应用，显著提升了评价过程的科学性与系统性，有效减少了人为主观因素对分析结果可能产生的干扰。
2）更全面反映岩体结构。在块体化程度的评价体系中，需要对裂隙的发育程度、结构面产状等进行系统的调查与分析。此外，该评价体系还综合考虑了岩体中岩块的几何形态、大小分布及相互连接状态，能够较为全面地反映岩体的结构特征。
3）适用范围更广。采用块体化程度对岩体完整性进行评级，主要包括裂隙调查分析与岩体结构解构两个方面。这一方法不仅适用于常规岩体的评价，还能有效应用于复杂地质条件下的岩体分析，特别是在节理或裂隙发育复杂、岩体异质性较强的区域。
5　结论
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1）根据裂隙调查总体范围内可能存在的潜在破坏模式所对应的裂隙特征，选定72个裂隙调查重点区域，裂隙迹长较长，间距较小，延展性良好，裂隙发育程度比较完全，近85%的区域的优势组裂隙与边坡的组合关系属于有利组合关系，对边坡稳定性无明显威胁。
2）基于General Block软件的边坡岩体三维重构分析表明，97.3%的调查区域块体化程度小于27，属轻度块体化岩体，完整性较好且失稳风险较低；而6#、17#、31#、46#、56#、59#等区域呈现异常：其中6#、46#区域块体化程度超过27，达到中度块体化，其余区域因>1.0 m3块体占比不足50%（以0.2～1.0 m3破碎块体为主），岩体结构劣化明显，抗破坏能力显著下降。这些异常区域集中体现了边坡潜在失稳风险，应作为大宝山边坡后续灾害防治重点关注区域。
3）与传统岩体完整性评级指标相比，块体化程度在客观性、全面性和适用性方面均有所提升。通过对大宝山台阶边坡块体化程度的统计分析，高效科学地评估了边坡岩体的完整性，为同类工程实践提供了新颖且合理的评估方法和理论依据。
基金
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  • 岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室开放课题(Z016015)
文献
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2025年第45卷第5期
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文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.006
  • 接收时间：2025-04-28
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-28
基金
岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室开放课题(Z016015)
作者信息
    1.广西大学　资源环境与材料学院，广西　南宁　530004
    2.广东省大宝山矿业有限公司，广东　韶关　512127

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陈庆发（1979—），男，河南郸城人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩体结构三维解构理论与技术研究。E-mail：
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.05.006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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