Article(id=1240648795822805731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710777600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723323064, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727712000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723323064, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723323064, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723323064, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240648781595725960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723319672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824608750, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=128, endPage=132, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240648796112212740, articleId=1240648795822805731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Technical Conditions for Leaching of Pyrolusite with Acidic Wastewater from Steel Mill, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An experiment study was carried out on a processing technique of reduction leaching of pyrolusite with acidic wastewater from steel mills as the reductant, for comprehensive utilization of pyrolusite and acidic wastewater of steel mills. The results show that 3 hours of leaching at 90 ℃, with FeCl2 and MnO2 in a mass ratio of 2.2, liquid-solid ratio of 11∶1 and the acid wastewater at an initial concentration of 2.5 mol/L, can result in the leaching rates of Mn, Fe and Al from the pyrolusite at 97.14%, 95.37% and 41.33%, respectively. And then, Fe3+ in the leachate is reduced with scrap iron at an amount of 1.1 times the theoretical amount at a temperature of 80 ℃ for 50 min, leading to the reduction rate of Fe3+ up to 99.85%. After Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+, the Fe2+-containing reducing solution is returned for leaching again, presenting stable leaching results. It is shown that the average leaching rates of Mn, Fe and Al from pyrolusite are 96.75%, 95.31% and 41.18%, respectively.

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以钢厂酸性废水为还原剂,研究了钢厂酸性废水还原浸出软锰矿工艺,以达到综合利用软锰矿和钢厂酸性废水的目的。结果表明,在FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间3 h、液固比11∶1、初始酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L条件下,软锰矿中Mn、Fe、Al的浸出率分别达到97.14%、95.37%和41.33%。采用废铁屑还原浸出液中Fe3+,在反应温度80 ℃、反应时间50 min、废铁屑加入量为理论量的1.1倍时,Fe3+还原率达到99.85%。Fe3+还原为Fe2+后,含Fe2+还原液返回浸出,浸出结果稳定,其中,软锰矿中Mn、Fe、Al平均浸出率分别达到96.75%、95.31%、41.18%。

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张荣良(1968—),男,江西南昌人,教授,博士,主要从事冶金物理化学方面的研究。E-mail:
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张威(1999—),男,江苏南通人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为资源综合利用。E-mail:

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HClFe2+Fe3+Al3+Zn2+
104.7673.727.260.160.01
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钢厂酸性废水组成(质量浓度)

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HClFe2+Fe3+Al3+Zn2+
104.7673.727.260.160.01
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MnFeAlSiKCaTiZn
40.026.584.864.150.980.320.100.10
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软锰矿主要成分(质量分数)

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MnFeAlSiKCaTiZn
40.026.584.864.150.980.320.100.10
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HClFe2+Fe3+Mn2+Al3+Zn2+
19.137.3979.9035.344.550.10
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浸出液的成分(质量浓度)

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HClFe2+Fe3+Mn2+Al3+Zn2+
19.137.3979.9035.344.550.10
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实验号元素浸出率/%
MnFeAl
197.1495.5841.48
296.8495.2441.15
396.2895.1240.90
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Fe3+还原液返回浸出效果

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实验号元素浸出率/%
MnFeAl
197.1495.5841.48
296.8495.2441.15
396.2895.1240.90
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钢厂酸性废水循环浸出软锰矿工艺条件研究
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张威 , 张荣良 , 杨瑞祥 , 王硕渊 , 吴昂基 , 潘雯 , 高逸凡
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(5): 128-132
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(5): 128-132
钢厂酸性废水循环浸出软锰矿工艺条件研究
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张威 , 张荣良 , 杨瑞祥, 王硕渊, 吴昂基, 潘雯, 高逸凡
作者信息
  • 江苏科技大学张家港校区 冶金工程学院,江苏 张家港 215600
  • 张威(1999—),男,江苏南通人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为资源综合利用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张荣良(1968—),男,江西南昌人,教授,博士,主要从事冶金物理化学方面的研究。E-mail:
Technical Conditions for Leaching of Pyrolusite with Acidic Wastewater from Steel Mill
Wei ZHANG , Rongliang ZHANG , Ruixiang YANG, Shuoyuan WANG, Angji WU, Wen PAN, Yifan GAO
Affiliations
  • School of Metallurgical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology (Zhangjiagang), Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.026
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以钢厂酸性废水为还原剂,研究了钢厂酸性废水还原浸出软锰矿工艺,以达到综合利用软锰矿和钢厂酸性废水的目的。结果表明,在FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间3 h、液固比11∶1、初始酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L条件下,软锰矿中Mn、Fe、Al的浸出率分别达到97.14%、95.37%和41.33%。采用废铁屑还原浸出液中Fe3+,在反应温度80 ℃、反应时间50 min、废铁屑加入量为理论量的1.1倍时,Fe3+还原率达到99.85%。Fe3+还原为Fe2+后,含Fe2+还原液返回浸出,浸出结果稳定,其中,软锰矿中Mn、Fe、Al平均浸出率分别达到96.75%、95.31%、41.18%。

软锰矿  /  酸性废水  /  还原浸出  /  还原剂  /  铁还原  /  锰离子

An experiment study was carried out on a processing technique of reduction leaching of pyrolusite with acidic wastewater from steel mills as the reductant, for comprehensive utilization of pyrolusite and acidic wastewater of steel mills. The results show that 3 hours of leaching at 90 ℃, with FeCl2 and MnO2 in a mass ratio of 2.2, liquid-solid ratio of 11∶1 and the acid wastewater at an initial concentration of 2.5 mol/L, can result in the leaching rates of Mn, Fe and Al from the pyrolusite at 97.14%, 95.37% and 41.33%, respectively. And then, Fe3+ in the leachate is reduced with scrap iron at an amount of 1.1 times the theoretical amount at a temperature of 80 ℃ for 50 min, leading to the reduction rate of Fe3+ up to 99.85%. After Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+, the Fe2+-containing reducing solution is returned for leaching again, presenting stable leaching results. It is shown that the average leaching rates of Mn, Fe and Al from pyrolusite are 96.75%, 95.31% and 41.18%, respectively.

pyrolusite  /  acidic wastewater  /  reduction leaching  /  reducing agent  /  iron reduction  /  manganese ions
张威, 张荣良, 杨瑞祥, 王硕渊, 吴昂基, 潘雯, 高逸凡. 钢厂酸性废水循环浸出软锰矿工艺条件研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 128 -132 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.026
Wei ZHANG, Rongliang ZHANG, Ruixiang YANG, Shuoyuan WANG, Angji WU, Wen PAN, Yifan GAO. Technical Conditions for Leaching of Pyrolusite with Acidic Wastewater from Steel Mill[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 128 -132 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.026
软锰矿中的四价锰不能直接被稀酸浸出,需要还原为二价锰才能被浸出[1-3]。软锰矿的浸出方法分为预还原浸出法和直接还原浸出法[4]。预还原浸出法工艺复杂、污染环境,不符合当前我国的环保要求。直接还原浸出法对环境污染小,具有更好的发展前景[5]。为了使软锰矿的还原浸出更加经济和环保,选择合适的还原剂对软锰矿进行还原浸出至关重要[6]
钢厂酸性废水是钢铁元件加工过程中产生的废水,废水种类和浓度取决于加工方式及元件类型,一般钢厂酸性废水中含有大量氢离子和亚铁离子[7-8]。这种酸性废水若直接排入河流,会造成河水污染、生态破坏,因此必须先对其进行相应处理[9-10]。传统的钢厂酸性废水处理方法包括投药、过滤和喷雾焙烧等[11-14]。本文使用钢厂酸性废水作为软锰矿的还原剂,探寻适宜的工艺条件,为实现钢厂酸性废水与软锰矿的资源综合利用提供参考。
实验用酸性废水为江苏某钢厂盐酸酸洗废水,外观为绿色溶液,其组成见表1。由表1可知,该钢厂酸性废水中游离酸质量浓度为104.76 g/L,存在大量Fe2+以及少量Fe3+、Al3+、Zn2+等。实验用软锰矿来自湖南某企业,为黑色粉末,其主要成分见表2。由表2可知,该软锰矿主要含有Mn、Fe、Al、Si,还含有少量的K、Ca、Ti、Zn等。图1为软锰矿的X射线衍射图谱,其中锰主要以二氧化锰形式存在,硅主要以石英和高岭石形式存在,铁主要以赤铁矿形式存在,其余物相有K2O、TiO2、ZnO、CaFe2O4、Al2O3等。
实验试剂包括盐酸和FeCl2·4H2O,均为分析纯;废铁屑取自江苏某企业;水为自制去离子水。实验仪器及设备包括真空干燥箱、电子天平、磁力搅拌器等。检测设备包括X射线荧光光谱仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪。
按照一定的液固比将软锰矿和钢厂酸性废水加入烧杯内。用盐酸溶液调节初始钢厂酸性废水浓度,用FeCl2溶液调节初始钢厂酸性废水中FeCl2质量浓度。将烧杯放入带有恒温磁力搅拌器的水浴中,开始计算还原浸出时间。反应结束后,将反应溶液迅速过滤,用稀盐酸溶液洗涤浸出渣,过滤、烘干,取样分析。采用ICAP-7000型电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP)测定浸出液中元素质量浓度,并根据式(1)计算元素浸出率。
式中:η为元素浸出率,%;ci为溶液中元素质量浓度,g/L;V为溶液体积,L;m0为软锰矿质量,g;w为软锰矿中元素质量分数,%。
称取一定量(理论量倍数)的废铁屑加入浸出液中,将烧杯放入带有恒温磁力搅拌器的水浴中,开始计算还原时间。反应结束后,迅速过滤,采用重铬酸钾滴定法测定还原液中的Fe2+质量浓度,采用EDTA络合滴定法测定Fe3+质量浓度,并根据式(2)计算Fe3+还原率。
式中:η1为Fe3+还原率;m1为浸出液中Fe3+质量,g;m2为还原液中Fe3+质量,g。
本实验拟采用的工艺流程如图2所示。
稀酸不能有效浸出软锰矿中的Mn4+(MnO2),需要先将其还原为Mn2+才能被浸出。钢厂酸性废水中存在大量FeCl2,软锰矿中Mn4+在稀盐酸溶液中FeCl2的作用下被还原为Mn2+。主要化学反应如下:
还原浸出后,用废铁屑将浸出液中的Fe3+还原成Fe2+。主要化学反应如下:
固定初始钢厂酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间3 h、液固比11∶1,考察了FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比对钢厂酸性废水还原浸出软锰矿的影响,结果如图3所示。由图3可知:随着FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比不断增大,Mn浸出率逐渐升高;当FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比达到2.2时,Mn浸出率达到97.14%;继续增大FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比,Mn浸出率增加不明显,表明继续增大FeCl2用量对浸出过程作用不大,因此确定适宜的FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比为2.2。在实验选取的范围内,Si基本不被浸出,Al浸出率基本保持不变。
固定FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、初始钢厂酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L、浸出时间3 h、液固比11∶1,考察了浸出温度对钢厂酸性废水还原浸出软锰矿的影响,结果如图4所示。由图4可知,随着浸出温度上升,Mn、Fe、Al浸出率均有不同程度提高。当温度从75 ℃升至90 ℃时,Mn浸出率从81.03%升至97.14%,Fe浸出率由78.55%升至95.37%,Al浸出率由32.90%升至41.33%,这是因为温度升高,溶液黏度下降,扩散系数增大,使得浸出率增大。当温度由90 ℃升至95 ℃时,Mn浸出率增大缓慢,Fe、Al浸出率继续增大。在实验所取的浸出温度范围内,Si基本不被浸出。综合考虑节省能源和减少后续除杂难度,确定适宜的浸出温度为90 ℃。
固定FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、浸出温度90 ℃、初始钢厂酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L、液固比11∶1,考察了浸出时间对钢厂酸性废水还原浸出软锰矿的影响,结果如图5所示。由图5可知:浸出时间从1 h延长至3 h时,Mn浸出率从87.84%升至97.14%,Fe浸出率从83.59%升至95.37%,这是由于随着浸出时间延长,反应越充分;当浸出时间由3 h延长至5 h时,Mn和Fe浸出率几乎不再增加,反应基本完全。在实验所取的浸出时间范围内,Si基本不被浸出,Al浸出率基本保持不变。综合考虑时间、经济成本等因素,确定适宜的浸出时间为3 h。
固定FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间3 h、初始钢厂酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L,考察了液固比对钢厂酸性废水还原浸出软锰矿的影响,结果如图6所示。由图6可知,随着液固比不断提高,Mn、Fe、Al浸出率逐渐增大。液固比为11∶1时,Mn、Fe、Al浸出率分别达到97.14%、95.37%、41.33%。继续提高液固比,Mn、Fe浸出率增大缓慢。在实验选取的液固比范围内,Si浸出率很低。在实际生产过程中,较高的液固比会增加操作难度,提高成本。综合考虑,确定适宜液固比为11∶1。
固定FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间3 h、液固比11∶1,考察了初始钢厂酸性废水浓度对钢厂酸性废水还原浸出软锰矿的影响,结果如图7所示。由图7可知,随着初始钢厂酸性废水浓度不断升高,Mn、Fe、Al浸出率逐渐增大。初始钢厂酸性废水浓度从1.0 mol/L升至2.5 mol/L时,Mn浸出率从84.96%升至97.14%,Fe浸出率从61.35%升至95.37%,Al浸出率从35.29%升至41.33%。继续提高初始钢厂酸性废水浓度,Mn浸出率几乎不再增大,Fe和Al浸出率增大缓慢。在实验所取初始酸性废水浓度范围内,Si浸出率很低。提高酸度会造成溶液过滤困难以及后期净化处理成本提高。综合考虑,确定适宜的初始钢厂酸性废水浓度为2.5 mol/L。
FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间3 h、液固比11∶1、初始钢厂酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L时,得到的浸出液成分如表3所示。由表3可知,浸出液中Fe3+质量浓度较高。
为减少因调节初始钢厂酸性废水中Fe2+质量浓度而补加的FeCl2质量,并使浸出液中Fe3+能够返回使用,需将一部分浸出液中的Fe3+还原为Fe2+,代替浸出实验中补加的Fe2+。为此,浸出液中需要加入还原剂,本实验选取废铁屑作为还原剂,对Fe3+进行还原。
固定废铁屑加入量为理论量的1.1倍、反应温度70 ℃,考察了反应时间对Fe3+还原率的影响,结果如图8所示。由图8可知,随着反应时间延长,Fe3+还原率呈先上升后下降的趋势。反应时间50 min时,Fe3+还原率达到98.07%;继续延长反应时间,Fe3+还原率逐渐下降。这可能是由于搅拌溶液时空气氧化了溶液中的Fe2+。确定适宜的反应时间为50 min。
固定废铁屑加入量为理论量的1.1倍、反应时间50 min,考察反应温度对Fe3+还原率的影响,结果如图9所示。由图9可知,随着反应温度升高,Fe3+还原率先上升后趋于平缓。反应温度80 ℃时,Fe3+还原率达到99.85%。继续升高温度,Fe3+还原率几乎不再增加。综合考虑,确定适宜的反应温度为80 ℃。
固定反应时间50 min、反应温度80 ℃,考察了废铁屑加入量(理论量的倍数)对Fe3+还原率的影响,结果如图10所示。由图10可知,随着废铁屑加入量增加,Fe3+还原率先上升后保持稳定。当废铁屑加入量为理论量的1.1倍时,Fe3+还原率达到99.85%。继续增加废铁屑加入量,Fe3+还原率基本保持不变。综合考虑,确定适宜的废铁屑加入量为理论量的1.1倍。
为了检验Fe3+还原液返回浸出软锰矿的效果,进行了验证性实验,结果如表4所示,用废铁屑作为还原剂将浸出液中的Fe3+还原为Fe2+后,含Fe2+还原液返回浸出,浸出结果稳定。其中,软锰矿中Mn、Fe、Al平均浸出率分别达到96.75%、95.31%、41.18%。
1)采用钢厂酸性废水循环浸出软锰矿,在FeCl2与MnO2物质的量比2.2、浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间3 h、液固比11∶1、初始钢厂酸性废水浓度2.5 mol/L条件下,软锰矿中Mn、Fe、Al浸出率分别达到97.14%、95.37%、41.33%。
2)采用废铁屑作为还原剂还原浸出液,在反应温度80 ℃、反应时间50 min、废铁屑加入量为理论量1.1倍条件下,Fe3+还原率达到99.85%。
3)采用还原液返回浸出软锰矿,浸出结果稳定,Mn、Fe、Al平均浸出率分别达到96.75%、95.31%、41.18%,Si基本不被浸出。
4)利用钢厂酸性废水循环浸出软锰矿工艺可行,可同时实现钢厂酸性废水与软锰矿资源综合利用。
  • 江苏省研究生创新项目(KYCX23_3870)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.026
  • 接收时间:2024-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19
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江苏省研究生创新项目(KYCX23_3870)
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    江苏科技大学张家港校区 冶金工程学院,江苏 张家港 215600

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张荣良(1968—),男,江西南昌人,教授,博士,主要从事冶金物理化学方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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