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Article(id=1240648793918599831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713024000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723322609, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727712000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723322609, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723322609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723322609, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240648781595725960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723319672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824608750, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=142, endPage=147, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240648795608904405, articleId=1240648793918599831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Effect of Sc on Microstructure and Properties of Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu Alloy, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effect of Sc on the microstructure and properties of Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu alloy was investigated. It is found that an addition of Sc can make the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with obviously smaller grain. As the Sc content (mass fraction) increases from 0 to 0.4%, the grain size of alloy decreases from 107.7 μm to 49.96 μm and the hardness increases from 116.8HV to 130.2HV. After hot-rolling process with large deformation quantity followed by 1 hour of solution heat treatment at 470 ℃, the Sc-containing alloy has higher dislocation density compared to the alloy without Sc addition, and the alloy with an addition of 0.4% Sc has a recrystallization rate dropped from 92.4% to 45.7% due to inhibition of its recrystallization behavior. After 24 hours of aging treatment at 120 ℃, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with an addition of 0.4% Sc can be observed to have a large amount of spherical Al3Sc particles and short rod-like η′ (MgZn2) particles in dispersive distribution. Based on the plotted a crystal structure of Al3Sc-MgZn2 with coherent or semi-coherent interface with α (Al), it can be deduced that the Al3Sc particles provide heterogeneous nucleation sites for η′ (MgZn2) phase to promote its nucleation, which can promote precipitation hardening of the alloy.

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研究了Sc对Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铸态合金中添加Sc后，合金晶粒尺寸明显减小；Sc含量（质量分数）由0增加至0.4%时，合金晶粒尺寸由107.7 μm减小至49.96 μm，硬度由116.8HV增加至130.2HV。经大变形量热轧处理后进行470 ℃×1 h固溶处理发现，相较未添加Sc的合金，含Sc合金位错密度增大；添加0.4%Sc的合金再结晶率由92.4%降低至45.7%，合金的再结晶行为受到抑制。经120 ℃×24 h时效处理后，添加0.4%Sc的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中观察到大量弥散分布的圆球状Al3Sc粒子和短棒状η′（MgZn2）粒子，通过绘制与α（Al）共格或半共格的Al3Sc-MgZn2晶体结构模型，可推测出Al3Sc粒子为η′（MgZn2）相提供异质形核位点，促进其形核，对合金时效析出强化有促进作用。

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贺永东（1965—），男，湖北黄冈人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为有色金属、材料化学。E-mail：
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成义锐（1997—），男，山东济宁人，硕士，主要研究方向为有色金属材料。E-mail：

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成义锐（1997—），男，山东济宁人，硕士，主要研究方向为有色金属材料。E-mail：

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（a）0Sc；（b）0.2%Sc；（c）0.4%Sc；（d）0.6%Sc

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（a）0Sc晶粒取向图及晶粒尺寸统计图；（b）0.4%Sc晶粒取向图及晶粒尺寸统计图；（c）0Sc大小角度晶界分布及统计图；（d）0.4%Sc大小角度晶界分布及统计图

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（a）0Sc；（b）0.4%Sc

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（a）TEM图像；（b）高分辨图像

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样品编号ZnCuMgScAl
0Sc8.4682.3752.3170余量
0.2%Sc8.5162.4062.2830.198余量
0.4%Sc8.4592.3912.2780.405余量
0.6%Sc8.4852.4132.3050.588余量
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4种合金实际成分（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号ZnCuMgScAl
0Sc8.4682.3752.3170余量
0.2%Sc8.5162.4062.2830.198余量
0.4%Sc8.4592.3912.2780.405余量
0.6%Sc8.4852.4132.3050.588余量
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样品编号显微硬度（HV）
0Sc116.8
0.2%Sc121.4
0.4%Sc130.2
0.6%Sc127.2
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不同铸态合金样品的显微硬度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号显微硬度（HV）
0Sc116.8
0.2%Sc121.4
0.4%Sc130.2
0.6%Sc127.2
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区域占比（面积分数）/%
0Sc0.4%Sc
再结晶组织（蓝色）92.445.7
回复组织（黄色）6.648.6
变形组织（红色）1.05.6
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GOS图各区域占比

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区域占比（面积分数）/%
0Sc0.4%Sc
再结晶组织（蓝色）92.445.7
回复组织（黄色）6.648.6
变形组织（红色）1.05.6
), ArticleFig(id=1240648810406408636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648793918599831, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位AlZnMgCuSc
A20.828.534.216.50
B77.25.44.01.811.6
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EDS能谱元素表（原子分数）

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点位AlZnMgCuSc
A20.828.534.216.50
B77.25.44.01.811.6
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Sc对Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu合金组织与性能的影响
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成义锐 1 , 孙小涵 2 , 贺永东 1 , 赵亿坤 3 , 杜玉峰 4 , 梁飞龙 5
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024,44(5): 142-147
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024, 44(5): 142-147
Sc对Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu合金组织与性能的影响
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成义锐1 , 孙小涵2, 贺永东1 , 赵亿坤3, 杜玉峰4, 梁飞龙5
作者信息
  • 1.新疆大学　材料科学与工程学院，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830046
  • 2.山东能源数字科技有限公司，山东　济南　250000
  • 3.新疆大学　物理科学与技术学院，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830046
  • 4.新疆农六师铝业有限公司，新疆　五家渠　831300
  • 5.新疆湘润新材料股份有限公司，新疆　哈密　839000

    • 成义锐（1997—），男，山东济宁人，硕士，主要研究方向为有色金属材料。E-mail：

通讯作者:

贺永东（1965—），男，湖北黄冈人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为有色金属、材料化学。E-mail：
Effect of Sc on Microstructure and Properties of Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu Alloy
Yirui CHENG1 , Xiaohan SUN2, Yongdong HE1 , Yikun ZHAO3, Yufeng DU4, Feilong LIANG5
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
  • 2.Shandong Energy Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
  • 3.College of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
  • 4.Xinjiang Nongliushi Aluminum Co., Ltd., Wujiaqu 831300, Xinjiang, China
  • 5.Xinjiang Xiangrun New Materials Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.029
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摘要
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研究了Sc对Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铸态合金中添加Sc后，合金晶粒尺寸明显减小；Sc含量（质量分数）由0增加至0.4%时，合金晶粒尺寸由107.7 μm减小至49.96 μm，硬度由116.8HV增加至130.2HV。经大变形量热轧处理后进行470 ℃×1 h固溶处理发现，相较未添加Sc的合金，含Sc合金位错密度增大；添加0.4%Sc的合金再结晶率由92.4%降低至45.7%，合金的再结晶行为受到抑制。经120 ℃×24 h时效处理后，添加0.4%Sc的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中观察到大量弥散分布的圆球状Al3Sc粒子和短棒状η′（MgZn2）粒子，通过绘制与α（Al）共格或半共格的Al3Sc-MgZn2晶体结构模型，可推测出Al3Sc粒子为η′（MgZn2）相提供异质形核位点，促进其形核，对合金时效析出强化有促进作用。

微合金化  /  钪  /  Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金  /  再结晶  /  Al3Sc粒子  /  异质形核位点  /  析出强化

The effect of Sc on the microstructure and properties of Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu alloy was investigated. It is found that an addition of Sc can make the as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with obviously smaller grain. As the Sc content (mass fraction) increases from 0 to 0.4%, the grain size of alloy decreases from 107.7 μm to 49.96 μm and the hardness increases from 116.8HV to 130.2HV. After hot-rolling process with large deformation quantity followed by 1 hour of solution heat treatment at 470 ℃, the Sc-containing alloy has higher dislocation density compared to the alloy without Sc addition, and the alloy with an addition of 0.4% Sc has a recrystallization rate dropped from 92.4% to 45.7% due to inhibition of its recrystallization behavior. After 24 hours of aging treatment at 120 ℃, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with an addition of 0.4% Sc can be observed to have a large amount of spherical Al3Sc particles and short rod-like η′ (MgZn2) particles in dispersive distribution. Based on the plotted a crystal structure of Al3Sc-MgZn2 with coherent or semi-coherent interface with α (Al), it can be deduced that the Al3Sc particles provide heterogeneous nucleation sites for η′ (MgZn2) phase to promote its nucleation, which can promote precipitation hardening of the alloy.

microalloying  /  scandium  /  Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy  /  recrystallization  /  Al3Sc particle  /  heterogeneous nucleation site  /  precipitation hardening
成义锐, 孙小涵, 贺永东, 赵亿坤, 杜玉峰, 梁飞龙. Sc对Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu合金组织与性能的影响. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 142 -147 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.029
Yirui CHENG, Xiaohan SUN, Yongdong HE, Yikun ZHAO, Yufeng DU, Feilong LIANG. Effect of Sc on Microstructure and Properties of Al-8.5Zn-2.3Mg-2.4Cu Alloy[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 142 -147 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.029
正文
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Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金具有良好的热变形能力，在经过固溶、时效等热处理后具有较高的强度、韧性、宽淬火范围，因此它们被用作结构材料，特别是应用于航空航天工业中[1-5]。随着科技与时代的进步，越来越多的行业都对材料提出轻量化要求，铝合金材料越来越被人们重视。
航空航天事业的飞速发展对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金也提出了更高的要求。稀土微合金化是提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金性能的一种方法[6-7]，有研究表明，添加Sc的微合金化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金会析出Al3Sc粒子，可以细化合金晶粒[8]，抑制合金再结晶行为，发生钉扎作用，阻碍位错运动，提高合金强度[9]。新一代的超高强铝合金的发展方向是微合金化，但目前关于添加Sc对时效过程中第二相的析出影响研究并不多。基于上述考虑，本文通过观察铸态、固溶态、时效态合金，探究Sc的添加对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的作用机理，相关结论对工业生产具有一定指导意义。
1　实验
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1.1　实验材料
以高纯铝（99.999 5%）、纯锌（99.995%）、纯镁（99.95%）、纯铜（99.995%）和Al-2.3%Sc中间合金为原料，利用高频感应熔炼炉熔炼Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-xSc（x=0，0.2，0.4，0.6，质量分数，%，下同）的4种合金（分别记为0Sc、0.2%Sc、0.4%Sc、0.6%Sc），熔炼温度控制在750～760 ℃，静置30 min，在经过预热的石墨模具中浇铸成型，利用optima 8000型电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-MS）进行检测，4种合金实际成分见表1。
1.2　实验方案
利用砂纸对4组合金铸锭表面进行打磨，去除表面污渍和氧化膜，随后进行400 ℃×4 h+450 ℃×24 h+465 ℃×12 h均匀化退火[10]，随炉冷却至室温后，先进行440 ℃×1.5 h的热轧前保温，放入二辊热轧机内按照30 mm→20 mm→10.5 mm→7.5 mm→4.3 mm→3 mm进行热轧，每道次之间均将合金样品放入马弗炉内在440 ℃下保温10 min，总变形量为90%。之后在470 ℃×1 h的制度下固溶处理，再迅速转移到马弗炉中进行120 ℃×24 h时效处理（T6）。
1.3　表征
对铸态、固溶态和时效态3种状态的样品进行研磨和抛光，然后利用Keller试剂（1 mL HF+1.5 mL HNO3+2.5 mL HCl+95 mL H2O）对样品表面进行腐蚀，使用德国-蔡司-sigma300型场发射扫描电镜观察样品形貌，使用EDAX Hikari Plus型能谱仪对样品进行EBSD分析，使用FEI Tecnai Talos F20型场发射透射电镜（TEM）分析样品弥散相。采用维氏显微硬度仪测试样品硬度。
2　实验结果及讨论
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2.1　Sc含量对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铸态合金组织与性能的影响
图1为4种铸态合金样品的XRD图谱。从图1可以看出，4种合金中主要第二相均由α（Al）、η（MgZn2）相组成，并无明显区别，这说明添加Sc不会改变铸态合金中主要第二相组成。
图2为4种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铸态合金样品的SEM图。由图2可以看出，0Sc样品晶粒大多为典型的粗大树枝晶组织，平均晶粒尺寸为107.7 μm；0.2%Sc样品部分树枝晶转变为等轴晶，此时晶粒由粗大树枝晶和等轴晶组成，平均晶粒尺寸为61.92 μm；0.4%Sc样品粗大树枝晶完全消失，晶粒全部由细小等轴晶组成，平均晶粒尺寸为49.96 μm；0.6%Sc样品部分粗晶形成，部分晶界不连续，可能是部分晶界处的第二相完全溶入基体内所致。添加Sc可以细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中的α（Al）基体晶粒尺寸，这是由于Sc在熔炼过程中会析出初生Al3Sc粒子，Al3Sc粒子的晶格参数与α（Al）基体的晶格参数较为接近，错配度仅为1.877%，且同为面心立方晶格（FCC）结构，初生Al3Sc粒子可以作为α（Al）基体的异质形核位点，促进α（Al）形核，从而细化晶粒。
表2为不同铸态合金样品的显微硬度。由表2可以看出，0Sc、0.2%Sc、0.4%Sc样品的合金硬度随着Sc添加量增加而增大，对应的硬度值分别为116.8HV、121.4HV、130.2HV；0.6%Sc样品的合金硬度有所下降，为127.2HV，说明在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中适当添加Sc可以提高合金硬度，这是细晶强化导致的。
2.2　Sc对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu固溶态合金再结晶行为的影响
为研究Sc的添加对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu固溶态合金的影响，对固溶处理后0Sc和0.4%Sc样品进行了EBSD测试。
图3（a）～（b）为两组合金的晶粒取向图及晶粒尺寸统计图。可以看出，两组合金晶粒均不具有择优取向，这是由于样品附近的位错比较均匀，再结晶驱动力比较均衡，晶粒向各个方向生长。固溶处理后0Sc合金平均晶粒尺寸为46.31 μm，0.4%Sc合金平均晶粒尺寸为28.03 μm，多数为细小晶粒。
图3（c）～（d）为两组合金的大小角度晶界分布及统计图。这里将2°～15°定义为小角度晶界（LAGBs），其中2°～5°用红色线条表示，5°～15°用绿色线条表示；大于15°的为大角度晶界（HAGBs），用蓝色线条表示（具体见电子版）。可以看出，小角度晶界可以促进位错的堆积和积聚，从而增加材料的位错密度，提高材料的强度和硬度[11]。添加Sc可以增加LAGBs数量，这是由于添加Sc后合金内有次生Al3Sc粒子析出，该粒子可以抑制合金内LAGBs向HAGBs转变，从而增加LAGBs数量，进而提高合金硬度。
对EBSD数据进行分析，得到两组合金的GOS图及数据分别如图4及表3所示。图4中蓝色区域为再结晶组织，黄色区域为回复组织，红色区域为变形组织。由表3可以看出，0Sc合金的蓝色区域占92.4%，即该合金的再结晶率为92.4%，而0.4%Sc合金中蓝色区域占比为45.7%。再结晶率达到90%以上可认为发生了完全再结晶，0.4%Sc合金只发生部分再结晶，表明添加Sc可以抑制合金的再结晶行为。
2.3　Sc对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu固溶态合金硬度的影响
测试了0Sc和0.4%Sc样品固溶态合金硬度，分别为171.2HV和190.4HV，说明添加Sc可以有效提高固溶态合金硬度。
2.4　Sc对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金时效析出行为的影响
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金时效过程中，第二相的主要析出相与Zn与Mg的质量比有关，当Zn/Mg质量比大于2.2时，η′相为主要析出相，Zn/Mg质量比小于2.2时，T′相为主要析出相[12]。本实验中Zn/Mg质量比为3.7，主要析出相为η′相。
图5为0Sc和0.4%Sc两组合金在120 ℃下时效处理的显微硬度曲线。由图5看出，2组合金均在时效处理24 h时显微硬度达到最大值。随着时效时间增加，合金中具有强化作用的GP区和η′（MgZn2）相逐渐析出；24 h时达到峰时效时间，此时强化相析出，合金的显微硬度达到最大值；24 h以后为过时效阶段，此时α（Al）基体中无更多的强化相析出，且已经析出的η′（MgZn2）相会向η（MgZn2）相转变，η（MgZn2）相与铝基体不共格，不仅对合金的力学性能没有强化作用，反而还会降低材料的性能，因此合金的显微硬度会下降[13]。本实验时效制度选择120 ℃×24 h。
为研究Sc在该合金时效过程中发挥的作用，对0.4%Sc合金进行TEM分析。图6为峰时效下0.4%Sc合金的TEM图像。α（Al）基体中弥散分布着大量短棒状的η′（MgZn2）相和圆球状的Al3Sc粒子，且部分η′（MgZn2）相均伴随Al3Sc粒子析出。由图6（d）可以看出，该合金中还存在部分位错，晶内弥散分布的Al3Sc粒子对位错运动具有钉扎作用，阻碍位错运动，进而抑制合金的再结晶行为。
图7为0.4%Sc合金TEM-EDS mapping图像。可以看出该合金中Al、Zn、Mg、Cu元素分布较为均匀，而Sc元素的分布主要聚集在一些细小颗粒上，说明时效处理后合金中析出了弥散分布的Al3Sc粒子。而图中大块白色第二相主要由Zn、Mg、Cu和部分Al元素组成，这说明时效处理后合金内析出了由Zn、Cu、Mg、Al元素组成的第二相。
图8为0.4%Sc合金的TEM-EDS图谱，表4为EDS能谱元素表。由图8可见，该合金中除了短棒状粒子η′（MgZn2）相和圆球状粒子Al3Sc外，还存在一些其他的灰白色第二相。由表4可知，A点可能为圆盘状的T（AlZnMgCu）相，B点则可能为Al3Sc粒子和S（Al2CuMg）相，说明进行过时效处理后，该合金内还存在T（AlZnMgCu）相和S（Al2CuMg）相。
对0.4%Sc合金中短棒状粒子和球状粒子作进一步分析，见图9。对高分辨图像作傅里叶变换和反傅里叶变换，圆球状Al3Sc粒子的晶格条纹间距为0.408 nm，晶面方向为（311）；MgZn2相的晶格条纹间距为0.217 nm，晶面方向为（103）；Al3Sc粒子和α（Al）基体是共格的，而η′（MgZn2）相发生了轻微的晶格畸变，与α（Al）基体是半共格的[14]，两种第二相均对铝合金有强化作用。
根据α（Al）、Al3Sc、MgZn2粒子的晶格参数和形核规律，绘制与α（Al）共格或半共格的Al3Sc-MgZn2晶体结构模型，如图10所示。黑色区域为α（Al），红色区域为与α（Al）共格的Al3Sc粒子，蓝色区域为与α（Al）半共格的η′（MgZn2）相（具体见电子版）。此分布与图9（a）中TEM图像中α（Al）、Al3Sc、MgZn2粒子的分布相对应。
由于α（Al）、Al3Sc、η′（MgZn2）的熔点不同，析出顺序也不相同。在熔炼凝固时，高熔点的Al3Sc粒子首先形核析出，可以作为α（Al）的异质形核位点，促进α（Al）形核析出。Al3Sc粒子的晶格间距为0.408 nm，与Al基体的晶格间距（0.405 nm）相似，满足“点阵匹配原理”[15]，这样可以减小两者的润湿角，能够很好地润湿基体晶粒，进而使形核功减小，因此α（Al）形核率得到提升。
对于η′（MgZn2）相，根据经典形核理论，η′（MgZn2）的形核率I[16]为：
式中：I0为形核系数；ΔGK为形核功，J/mol；ΔGA为扩散激活能，J/mol；k为玻尔兹曼系数；T为形核温度，K。由式（1）可以看出，形核率与形核功和扩散激活能呈正相关。对于金属结晶来说，ΔGA随ΔT的变化非常小。
η′（MgZn2）的非均匀形核的形核功为：
式中：r为球冠状晶核的曲率半径，nm；σLC为液相-晶核之间的单位界面自由能，J/m2；θ为新相与基底之间的润湿角，（°）。
可得出η′（MgZn2）非均匀形核的临界半径r*为：
临界形核功由过冷熔体的能量起伏提供，临界晶核则由过冷熔体中的相起伏提供。满足临界形核功和临界形核半径即满足形核过程中的能量起伏和相起伏。
当Al3Sc形核长大时，该区域的Sc原子向液-固界面扩散，因此该区域附近的Mg、Zn等元素浓度会大大提升，此时熔点相对较低的η′（MgZn2）会在Al3Sc上形核析出，Al3Sc与η′（MgZn2）粒子是半共格关系[17]，因此两者之间的润湿角相对较小，进而降低η′（MgZn2）相形核所需的形核功，提高η′（MgZn2）相的形核率，其析出数量增加。Al3Sc粒子此时是η′（MgZn2）相异质形核的核心。
测量了0Sc和0.4%Sc样品的时效态合金显微硬度，分别为217.7HV和226.7HV，说明添加Sc可以有效提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu时效态合金硬度。
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中添加0.4%Sc后，合金内弥散分布的Al3Sc粒子，为η′（MgZn2）相形核提供了形核位点，进而提高了形核率，使弥散分布的η′（MgZn2）相数量增加，析出强化效果更显著，合金硬度得到提高。
3　结论
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1）在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中添加Sc可以细化合金晶粒，未添加Sc的合金平均晶粒尺寸为107.7 μm，添加0.4%Sc的合金平均晶粒尺寸为49.96 μm。添加适量Sc可以有效提高合金铸态、固溶态、时效态的硬度。
2）Sc元素在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中以Al3Sc形式析出，晶内弥散分布Al3Sc粒子会抑制LAGBs向HAGBs转变，从而增加LAGBs数量，可以阻碍位错运动、降低合金再结晶率、抑制合金再结晶行为。
3）Al3Sc粒子对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的时效析出行为有促进作用。Al3Sc粒子为η′（MgZn2）相的析出提供异质形核位点，使得η′（MgZn2）相的形核率提升，促进η′（MgZn2）相形核析出，进而提高合金硬度，起到促进析出强化的效果。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(51861033)
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅重点研发专项项目(2020B02007)
文献
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.029
  • 接收时间：2024-04-14
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-14
基金
国家自然科学基金(51861033)
新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅重点研发专项项目(2020B02007)
作者信息
    1.新疆大学　材料科学与工程学院，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830046
    2.山东能源数字科技有限公司，山东　济南　250000
    3.新疆大学　物理科学与技术学院，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830046
    4.新疆农六师铝业有限公司，新疆　五家渠　831300
    5.新疆湘润新材料股份有限公司，新疆　哈密　839000

通讯作者:

贺永东（1965—），男，湖北黄冈人，博士，教授，主要研究方向为有色金属、材料化学。E-mail：
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.029
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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