Article(id=1240648793587241615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714924800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723322531, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727712000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723322531, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723322531, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723322531, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240648781595725960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723319672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824608750, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=159, endPage=162, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240648795080413862, articleId=1240648793587241615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Microstructure & Properties of Cold Rolled Medium Manganese Steel Used in Automobile After Austenitic Reverse Transformation by Annealing, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the strength-ductility balance of medium manganese steel for automobiles, cold-rolled medium manganese steel was treated by annealing at different temperatures (650-680 ℃) and for different time (10-50 min) for austenitic reverse transformation. Then, effects of annealing temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium manganese steel were explored. It is found that the microstructure of the original cold-rolled medium manganese steel plate is composed of ferrite (F) and martensite (M), and the dispersed carbides with sizes ranging from 20 nm to 45 nm can be observed in the microstructure. As the annealing temperature rises from 650 ℃ to 680 ℃, the yield strength, elongation, strength-ductility balance, and residual austenite volume fraction of medium manganese steel increase followed by a decrease, but tensile strength increases all the time. As the annealing time is prolonged from 10 min to 50 min, the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, strength-ductility balance and residual austenite volume fraction of medium manganese steel decrease after an initial increase. It is found that after annealing treatment at 660 ℃ for 30 min, the cold-rolled medium manganese steel has a structure composed of F + M + austenite (γ), with austenite at a volume fraction of 24.12%, ultrafine grained ferrite with an average grain size of 0.29 μm, lath martensite with an average wideness of 0.27 μm, and strength-ductility balance of 23.33 GPa·%.

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为提高汽车中锰钢的强塑积,对冷轧态中锰钢进行了不同温度(650~680 ℃)和不同时间(10~50 min)的逆相变退火处理,研究了退火温度和退火时间对中锰钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,原始冷轧态中锰钢板的组织由铁素体(F)+马氏体(M)组成,微观结构中可见弥散分布的尺寸20~45 nm的碳化物。退火温度从650 ℃升至680 ℃,中锰钢屈服强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小,而抗拉强度一直增大。退火时间从10 min增至50 min,中锰钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小。冷轧中锰钢适宜的退火制度为:退火温度660 ℃、退火时间30 min,此时中锰钢组织为F+M+奥氏体(γ),奥氏体体积分数24.12%,超细晶铁素体平均晶粒尺寸0.29 μm,板条马氏体平均宽度0.27 μm,强塑积23.33 GPa·%。

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张丽凤(1980—),女,山西太原人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为汽车材料。E-mail:

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张丽凤(1980—),女,山西太原人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为汽车材料。E-mail:

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张丽凤(1980—),女,山西太原人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为汽车材料。E-mail:

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(a)OM;(b)SEM;(c)TEM

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(a)650 ℃;(b)660 ℃;(c)670 ℃;(d)680 ℃

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(a)10 min;(b)20 min;(c)40 min;(d)50 min

, figureFileSmall=IjlgBgBuuvZmBCrfoHt6YA==, figureFileBig=PPvybUg+YHOK9csc4iqpEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240648804832170221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648793587241615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
退火温度/℃屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa断后伸长率/%强塑积/(GPa·%)残余奥氏体体积分数/%
65072385519.2016.425.21
66076298923.5923.3324.12
6707851 09820.4722.4820.73
6806241 32114.4219.054.54
), ArticleFig(id=1240648804937027827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648793587241615, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同退火温度下中锰钢力学性能和残余奥氏体体积分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
退火温度/℃屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa断后伸长率/%强塑积/(GPa·%)残余奥氏体体积分数/%
65072385519.2016.425.21
66076298923.5923.3324.12
6707851 09820.4722.4820.73
6806241 32114.4219.054.54
), ArticleFig(id=1240648805054468347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648793587241615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
退火时间/min屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa断后伸长率/%强塑积/(GPa·%)残余奥氏体体积分数/%
1069886117.6215.1715.23
2073687818.3416.1016.12
3076298923.5923.3324.12
4075586321.2718.367.34
5075285218.5215.787.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240648805159325952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648793587241615, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同退火时间下中锰钢力学性能和残余奥氏体体积分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
退火时间/min屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa断后伸长率/%强塑积/(GPa·%)残余奥氏体体积分数/%
1069886117.6215.1715.23
2073687818.3416.1016.12
3076298923.5923.3324.12
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冷轧汽车中锰钢的逆相变退火与组织性能研究
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张丽凤 1 , 王社则 2 , 田博彤 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024,44(5): 159-162
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024, 44(5): 159-162
冷轧汽车中锰钢的逆相变退火与组织性能研究
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张丽凤1 , 王社则2, 田博彤2
作者信息
  • 1.山西工程科技职业大学,山西 太原 030031
  • 2.太原理工大学,山西 太原 030024
  • 张丽凤(1980—),女,山西太原人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为汽车材料。E-mail:

Microstructure & Properties of Cold Rolled Medium Manganese Steel Used in Automobile After Austenitic Reverse Transformation by Annealing
Lifeng ZHANG1 , Sheze WANG2, Botong TIAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • 2.Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.032
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为提高汽车中锰钢的强塑积,对冷轧态中锰钢进行了不同温度(650~680 ℃)和不同时间(10~50 min)的逆相变退火处理,研究了退火温度和退火时间对中锰钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,原始冷轧态中锰钢板的组织由铁素体(F)+马氏体(M)组成,微观结构中可见弥散分布的尺寸20~45 nm的碳化物。退火温度从650 ℃升至680 ℃,中锰钢屈服强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小,而抗拉强度一直增大。退火时间从10 min增至50 min,中锰钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小。冷轧中锰钢适宜的退火制度为:退火温度660 ℃、退火时间30 min,此时中锰钢组织为F+M+奥氏体(γ),奥氏体体积分数24.12%,超细晶铁素体平均晶粒尺寸0.29 μm,板条马氏体平均宽度0.27 μm,强塑积23.33 GPa·%。

中锰钢  /  逆相变退火  /  退火温度  /  退火时间  /  显微组织  /  力学性能  /  汽车用钢

In order to improve the strength-ductility balance of medium manganese steel for automobiles, cold-rolled medium manganese steel was treated by annealing at different temperatures (650-680 ℃) and for different time (10-50 min) for austenitic reverse transformation. Then, effects of annealing temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium manganese steel were explored. It is found that the microstructure of the original cold-rolled medium manganese steel plate is composed of ferrite (F) and martensite (M), and the dispersed carbides with sizes ranging from 20 nm to 45 nm can be observed in the microstructure. As the annealing temperature rises from 650 ℃ to 680 ℃, the yield strength, elongation, strength-ductility balance, and residual austenite volume fraction of medium manganese steel increase followed by a decrease, but tensile strength increases all the time. As the annealing time is prolonged from 10 min to 50 min, the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, strength-ductility balance and residual austenite volume fraction of medium manganese steel decrease after an initial increase. It is found that after annealing treatment at 660 ℃ for 30 min, the cold-rolled medium manganese steel has a structure composed of F + M + austenite (γ), with austenite at a volume fraction of 24.12%, ultrafine grained ferrite with an average grain size of 0.29 μm, lath martensite with an average wideness of 0.27 μm, and strength-ductility balance of 23.33 GPa·%.

medium manganese steel  /  austenite reverse transformation by annealing  /  annealing temperature  /  annealing time  /  microstructure  /  mechanical property  /  automobile steel
张丽凤, 王社则, 田博彤. 冷轧汽车中锰钢的逆相变退火与组织性能研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 159 -162 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.032
Lifeng ZHANG, Sheze WANG, Botong TIAN. Microstructure & Properties of Cold Rolled Medium Manganese Steel Used in Automobile After Austenitic Reverse Transformation by Annealing[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 159 -162 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.032
随着汽车工业对汽车轻量化、安全指标要求的提高,在整车质量中占比高达70%左右的汽车钢不断向高强度和高塑性方向发展,且强塑积(抗拉强度×断后伸长率)已作为衡量汽车钢性能的关键指标[1],已经从第一代汽车钢强塑积不低于15 GPa·%发展到第三代汽车钢强塑积不低于21 GPa·%[2]。无论是第一代汽车钢中的相变诱发塑性钢(TRIP钢)还是第三代汽车钢中的淬火延性钢(QP钢),都主要通过成分中的C元素配分来稳定奥氏体,并在室温下产生相变诱导塑性来提升强塑积[3],但是这些汽车钢中的奥氏体体积分数通常低于15%,无法单纯依靠C元素配分来调控亚稳奥氏体并提升奥氏体含量[4]。汽车用中锰钢通过C/Mn复合配分与亚稳态控制方法,可以调控亚稳态奥氏体体积分数并获得高强度和高塑性[5],其制备流程为浇铸-均匀化-锻造-均匀化-热轧-冷轧-退火,目前的研究主要集中在成分(C、Mn、Al、Nb等)设计、轧制工艺和淬火及回火热处理工艺优化[6-8]上,对于冷轧后进行逆相变退火(ART)方面的研究报道较少,具体ART温度和时间对中锰钢组织与性能的影响规律尚不清楚[9-11]。本文以厚度1.5 mm的汽车用冷轧中锰钢板为研究对象,对冷轧态中锰钢进行了不同温度(650~680 ℃)和不同时间(10~50 min)的逆相变退火处理,研究了退火温度和退火时间对中锰钢显微组织和力学性能的影响,结果可为高强塑积汽车用中锰钢的退火工艺优化提供参考,并有助于高强塑积汽车用中锰钢的开发与应用。
以厚度1.5 mm的汽车用冷轧中锰钢板为研究对象,采用OPTIMA 2100DV型电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测试其化学成分(质量分数)为:0.13%C、5.38%Mn、0.23%Cu、0.041%Al、0.23%Ni、0.031%Nb、0.016%Ti、0.068%Si、0.007%S、0.009%P,余量为Fe。其室温拉伸性能为:屈服强度1 950 MPa、抗拉强度1 980 MPa、断后伸长率4.6%。采用DSC-60Plus/60A Plus型差示扫描量热仪测得冷轧中锰钢的奥氏体开始形成温度Ac1和奥氏体完全形成温度Ac3分别为592 ℃和737 ℃。
图1为冷轧中锰钢板的热处理工艺示意图。首先将冷轧中锰钢进行925 ℃保温30 min的奥氏体化处理,水冷至室温,然后对水淬后的钢板进行不同温度和不同时间的逆相变退火(ART)处理。逆相变退火温度试验:设定逆相变退火时间30 min不变,调整ART温度(介于Ac1Ac3之间),退火结束后以空冷的方式冷却至室温;逆相变退火时间试验:设定逆相变退火温度660 ℃不变,调整ART时间(10~50 min),退火结束后以空冷的方式冷却至室温。
采用奥林巴斯GX83型光学显微镜观察样品光学显微组织;采用TESCAN AMBER X型扫描电子显微镜观察样品显微组织;试样经打磨、冲压、双喷离子减薄后在JEOL 2100型透射电子显微镜上观察样品微观结构;采用日本理学SmartLabX型X射线衍射仪进行物相分析,工作电压和工作电流分别为20 kV和35 mA,并测试奥氏体体积分数[12];在MTS CMT4000电子万能材料试验机上进行室温拉伸性能测试,拉伸速率1.5 mm/min,每组试样取5根并求其平均值作为结果。
图2为原始冷轧钢板的显微组织。从光学显微(OM)组织中可见,原始冷轧板的组织为铁素体(F)和马氏体(M)(其中F呈灰白色、M呈黑色);从扫描电镜显微(SEM)组织中可见,冷轧变形处理后,冷轧板中的F主要为条带状,M为板条状;从透射电镜显微(TEM)组织中可见,冷轧板中还可见弥散分布的细小碳化物,尺寸20~45 nm。
图3为退火时间30 min时不同退火温度下中锰钢X射线衍射图谱。退火温度650~680 ℃时,中锰钢XRD图谱中都可见(200)、(211)晶面的α-Fe衍射峰以及(200)、(220)、(311)晶面的γ衍射峰,不同退火温度下中锰钢都主要由α+γ相组成。退火温度660 ℃和670 ℃时中锰钢中γ衍射峰强度较高;退火温度650 ℃和680 ℃时中锰钢中γ衍射峰强度减弱。退火温度650 ℃、660 ℃、670 ℃和680 ℃时中锰钢中奥氏体体积分数分别为5.21%、24.12%、20.73%和4.54%。
图4为退火时间30 min时不同退火温度下中锰钢的显微组织。退火温度650℃时,中锰钢中可见超细晶铁素体(F)和马氏体(M),局部可见碳化物;退火温度660 ℃时,中锰钢主要由F+M+奥氏体(γ)组成,奥氏体体积分数相对退火温度650 ℃时明显增加;继续提升退火温度至670 ℃,中锰钢组织主要由F+γ组成,M组织相对较少,块状γ组织平均尺寸约0.31 μm,升高退火温度会使得γ组织稳定性变差并向马氏体转变[13],此时中锰钢的奥氏体体积分数相较退火温度660 ℃时有所减小;退火温度680 ℃时,中锰钢组织主要由M+F组成,γ组织较少,这主要是因为升高退火温度会使奥氏体内C、Mn等元素发生扩散并降低其稳定性,在冷却过程中会发生γ向M的转变[14]。退火温度650 ℃、660 ℃、670 ℃、680 ℃时,中锰钢中超细晶铁素体平均晶粒尺寸分别为0.26 μm、0.29 μm、0.31 μm、0.33 μm,板条马氏体平均宽度分别为0.27 μm、0.27 μm、0.29 μm、0.31 μm,可见,升高退火温度使超细晶铁素体平均晶粒尺寸(dF)和板条马氏体平均宽度(WM)增大。
表1为不同退火温度下中锰钢力学性能和残余奥氏体体积分数测试结果。退火温度从650 ℃升至680 ℃,中锰钢屈服强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小。中锰钢强塑积与残余奥氏体体积分数具有一定正相关性,这主要是因为中锰钢在拉伸变形过程中会产生相变诱导塑性(TRIP效应)[15],奥氏体向马氏体转变并引起加工硬化[16],中锰钢在具有较高强度的同时具有良好塑性;随着退火温度升高,中锰钢中奥氏体体积分数减小、超细晶铁素体平均晶粒尺寸和板条马氏体平均宽度增大,TRIP效应减弱的同时碳化物会产生粗化与长大,从而使强化作用减弱[17],强塑积有所降低。
图5为退火温度660 ℃时不同退火时间下中锰钢的X射线衍射图谱。退火时间10~50 min时,中锰钢的XRD图谱中都可见(200)、(211)晶面的α-Fe衍射峰以及(200)、(220)、(311)晶面的γ衍射峰,且退火时间30 min时γ衍射峰较强。退火时间10 min、20 min、30 min、40 min和50 min时,中锰钢中奥氏体体积分数分别为15.23%、16.12%、24.12%、7.34%和7.01%。
图6为不同退火时间下中锰钢的显微组织。退火时间10 min时,中锰钢中可见F、M和γ组织,dFWM分别为0.26 μm和0.21 μm,由于退火时间较短,基体组织中的碳化物溶解不充分,γ形核驱动力较低[18],此时奥氏体体积分数相对较低(15.23%);延长退火时间至20 min,组织仍然由M+F+γ组成,dFWM分别为0.28 μm和0.23 μm,相较退火时间10 min的中锰钢,延长退火时间使得更多的M破裂形成F并促使碳化物发生溶解,γ形核驱动力增加而形成更多的奥氏体[19],奥氏体体积分数增至16.12%;退火时间40 min时,基体组织中大部分M发生破裂形成F,dF约0.31 μm,且延长退火时间使得奥氏体稳定性变差而向M转变[20],奥氏体体积分数降至7.34%;进一步延长退火时间至50 min,基体组织中M几乎完全破裂形成F,dF约0.32 μm,F逐渐趋于等轴化的同时γ逐渐趋于稳定,此时奥氏体体积分数与退火时间40 min时相当。
表2为不同退火时间下中锰钢力学性能和残余奥氏体体积分数测试结果。退火时间从10 min增至50 min,中锰钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小。退火温度660 ℃时,对中锰钢进行不同时间的退火处理,中锰钢的强塑积与残余奥氏体体积分数也具有一定正相关性,这主要与拉伸变形过程中的TRIP效应有关[21]。退火时间30 min时,中锰钢组织为F+M+γ,奥氏体体积分数最大(24.12%)且dFWM较小,中锰钢取得最大的强塑积(23.33 GPa·%),中锰钢在具有较高强度的同时具有良好塑性。
1)原始冷轧态中锰钢板的组织由F相和M相组成,微观结构中可见弥散分布的尺寸20~45 nm的碳化物。
2)退火时间30 min,不同退火温度下中锰钢主要由α+γ相组成;退火温度650 ℃、660 ℃、670 ℃和680 ℃时中锰钢中奥氏体体积分数分别为5.21%、24.12%、20.73%和4.54%。退火温度从650 ℃升至680 ℃,中锰钢屈服强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小,而抗拉强度一直增大。
3)退火温度660 ℃,退火时间10 min、20 min、30 min、40 min和50 min时,中锰钢中奥氏体体积分数分别为15.23%、16.12%、24.12%、7.34%和7.01%。退火时间从10 min增至50 min,中锰钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率、强塑积和残余奥氏体体积分数均先增大后减小。
4)退火温度660 ℃、退火时间30 min时,中锰钢组织为F+M+γ,中锰钢强塑积达23.33 GPa·%,超细晶铁素体平均晶粒尺寸0.29 μm,板条马氏体平均宽度0.27 μm,奥氏体体积分数24.12%。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFB0301012-4)
  • 山西省重点研发计划项目(2017KKJH)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.032
  • 接收时间:2024-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-06
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国家重点研发计划(2020YFB0301012-4)
山西省重点研发计划项目(2017KKJH)
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    1.山西工程科技职业大学,山西 太原 030031
    2.太原理工大学,山西 太原 030024
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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