Article(id=1240648790957420983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.027, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712592000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723321903, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727712000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723321903, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723321903, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723321903, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240648781595725960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723319672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824608750, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=133, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240648791318131156, articleId=1240648790957420983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Processing Technique for Preparing Vanadium Pentoxide with Vanadium-Containing Stone Coal from Shaanxi, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Vanadium was extracted from vanadium-containing stone coal by adopting a process of sulphuric acid curing and water leaching, and the effects of sulphuric acid curing and water leaching conditions on vanadium leaching rate were investigated. It is found that the vanadium-containing stone coal is firstly subjected to a sulphuric acid curing process at 130 ℃ for 8 h, with an addition of H2SO4 at an amount of 25%;and then the obtained product is leached by water at 90 ℃ for 120 min, with liquid-solid ratio of 2∶1, resulting in the vanadium leaching rate of 90.79%. After the vanadium-containing leachate is oxidized with NaClO3, the vanadium in the oxidized solution is adsorbed with D202, and then the vanadium in the resin is desorbed. The obtained solution after desorption is subjected to calcination, and vanadium pentoxide is produced with a purity up to 99.21%. It is shown that a total recovery rate of vanadium is 85.99%.

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采用硫酸熟化-水浸工艺从石煤钒矿中提钒,考察了熟化条件及浸出条件对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明,适宜的熟化工艺条件为:熟化温度130 ℃、熟化时间8 h、H2SO4用量25%。对熟化料进行水浸,在浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间120 min、液固比2∶1条件下,钒浸出率为90.79%。对含钒浸出液用NaClO3进行氧化,采用D202吸附氧化后液中的钒,再对树脂中钒进行解吸,解吸液经沉钒煅烧后五氧化二钒产品纯度达99.21%,钒总回收率为85.99%。

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康敏(1995—),女,陕西西安人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金及资源综合利用。E-mail:
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吴天骄(1983—),男,贵州黔东南州人,高级工程师,主要从事钒矿石选冶及非金属矿产资源综合利用研究工作。E-mail:

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吴天骄(1983—),男,贵州黔东南州人,高级工程师,主要从事钒矿石选冶及非金属矿产资源综合利用研究工作。E-mail:

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吴天骄(1983—),男,贵州黔东南州人,高级工程师,主要从事钒矿石选冶及非金属矿产资源综合利用研究工作。E-mail:

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SiO2K2ONa2OAl2O3CaOMgOTiO2
79.351.130.013.752.721.490.21
SO3BaOTFeMnOP2O5V2O5烧失
0.721.913.000.010.510.904.86
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原矿主要化学成分分析结果(质量分数)

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SiO2K2ONa2OAl2O3CaOMgOTiO2
79.351.130.013.752.721.490.21
SO3BaOTFeMnOP2O5V2O5烧失
0.721.913.000.010.510.904.86
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物相钒品位/%钒分布率/%
游离氧化物0.0226.04
铝硅酸盐0.7273.85
碳质0.160.11
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石煤钒矿物相分析结果

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物相钒品位/%钒分布率/%
游离氧化物0.0226.04
铝硅酸盐0.7273.85
碳质0.160.11
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产品名称V2O5SiFePSAsNa2O+K2O
牌号V2O59999.000.1500.200.0300.0100.0101.00
牌号V2O59898.000.2500.300.0500.0300.0201.50
实验产品99.210.0890.060.0190.0030.0020.04
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五氧化二钒产品杂质分析结果(质量分数)

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产品名称V2O5SiFePSAsNa2O+K2O
牌号V2O59999.000.1500.200.0300.0100.0101.00
牌号V2O59898.000.2500.300.0500.0300.0201.50
实验产品99.210.0890.060.0190.0030.0020.04
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陕西某地石煤钒矿制备五氧化二钒产品工艺研究
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吴天骄 1, 2 , 康敏 1, 2 , 梁效 1, 2 , 程倩 1, 2 , 李英 1, 2 , 宁新霞 1, 2 , 张圆明 1, 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(5): 133-136
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(5): 133-136
陕西某地石煤钒矿制备五氧化二钒产品工艺研究
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吴天骄1, 2 , 康敏1, 2 , 梁效1, 2, 程倩1, 2, 李英1, 2, 宁新霞1, 2, 张圆明1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710055
  • 2.陕西省矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心,陕西 西安 710055
  • 吴天骄(1983—),男,贵州黔东南州人,高级工程师,主要从事钒矿石选冶及非金属矿产资源综合利用研究工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

康敏(1995—),女,陕西西安人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金及资源综合利用。E-mail:
Processing Technique for Preparing Vanadium Pentoxide with Vanadium-Containing Stone Coal from Shaanxi
Tianjiao WU1, 2 , Min KANG1, 2 , Xiao LIANG1, 2, Qian CHENG1, 2, Ying LI1, 2, Xinxia NING1, 2, Yuanming ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Xi'an Northwest Institute of Nonferrous Geology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
  • 2.Shaanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.027
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采用硫酸熟化-水浸工艺从石煤钒矿中提钒,考察了熟化条件及浸出条件对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明,适宜的熟化工艺条件为:熟化温度130 ℃、熟化时间8 h、H2SO4用量25%。对熟化料进行水浸,在浸出温度90 ℃、浸出时间120 min、液固比2∶1条件下,钒浸出率为90.79%。对含钒浸出液用NaClO3进行氧化,采用D202吸附氧化后液中的钒,再对树脂中钒进行解吸,解吸液经沉钒煅烧后五氧化二钒产品纯度达99.21%,钒总回收率为85.99%。

硫酸熟化  /  浸出  /  离子交换  /  五氧化二钒  /  石煤钒矿  /  提钒  /  水浸

Vanadium was extracted from vanadium-containing stone coal by adopting a process of sulphuric acid curing and water leaching, and the effects of sulphuric acid curing and water leaching conditions on vanadium leaching rate were investigated. It is found that the vanadium-containing stone coal is firstly subjected to a sulphuric acid curing process at 130 ℃ for 8 h, with an addition of H2SO4 at an amount of 25%;and then the obtained product is leached by water at 90 ℃ for 120 min, with liquid-solid ratio of 2∶1, resulting in the vanadium leaching rate of 90.79%. After the vanadium-containing leachate is oxidized with NaClO3, the vanadium in the oxidized solution is adsorbed with D202, and then the vanadium in the resin is desorbed. The obtained solution after desorption is subjected to calcination, and vanadium pentoxide is produced with a purity up to 99.21%. It is shown that a total recovery rate of vanadium is 85.99%.

sulphuric acid curing  /  leaching  /  ion exchange  /  vanadium pentoxide  /  vanadium-containing stone coal  /  vanadium extraction  /  water leaching
吴天骄, 康敏, 梁效, 程倩, 李英, 宁新霞, 张圆明. 陕西某地石煤钒矿制备五氧化二钒产品工艺研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 133 -136 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.027
Tianjiao WU, Min KANG, Xiao LIANG, Qian CHENG, Ying LI, Xinxia NING, Yuanming ZHANG. Processing Technique for Preparing Vanadium Pentoxide with Vanadium-Containing Stone Coal from Shaanxi[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 133 -136 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.027
钒用途广泛,在工业生产中有至关重要的作用,加入钢铁中可增加钢的强度、韧性和耐热性[1-2],在有色金属中可用作合金[3],也可用作催化剂与着色剂[4],在新能源方面可合成钒液流电池[5]。我国石煤钒矿储量较大,但大多数钒矿品位低,多在0.8%以下,钒大多以三、四价为主,五价很少见[6],三价钒为主要的存在形式,以类质同象形式存在于含钒云母、高岭土等铁铝矿物的硅氧四面体结构中,很难直接酸浸,提取较为困难[7]
石煤提钒多采用钠化焙烧-水浸工艺,钠化焙烧会产生有害气体,对环境污染较大,较难处理,此工艺也已被禁用[8]。钙化焙烧对环境友好,但对矿石选择性较强,无法实现工业化生产[9]。空白焙烧较为清洁,但需大量酸进行浸出,酸浸液中杂质较多[10]。直接酸浸浸出效果好,但酸耗量较大、反应时间长,在工业化生产中易腐蚀设备[11-12]。熟化技术[13-14]是一种新型的提钒技术,已取得可观的成果。本文在前期研究基础上,采用熟化-水浸工艺从陕西某地石煤钒矿中提钒,对工艺条件进行优化,并在现场进行验证,以保证工艺的准确性。
实验原料为陕西某地的石煤钒矿,其化学成分分析结果见表1,钒化学物相分析结果见表2
石煤钒矿主要由石英、绢云母/伊利石、蒙脱石和高岭石组成,并含少量钾长石、白云石;石煤钒矿中V2O5品位0.90%,极具开采价值;碳质中钒分布率较低,钒主要赋存于铝硅酸盐中;钒在铝硅酸盐中的赋存状态较为复杂,采用常规酸浸法不易提取,因此可通过熟化-水浸进行提钒。
主要试剂硫酸、NaClO3、NaCl、NaOH、NH4Cl均为分析纯,D202树脂为工业品。试验用水为自来水(浸出)、蒸馏水(氧化-离子交换-沉钒)。
主要仪器设备包括圆盘团球机(ZL5)、pH计(PHSJ-3F)、坩埚(250 mL)、鼓风电热恒温干燥箱(PTTRX-24PT)、烧杯(500 mL)、磁力搅拌器(JJ-1)、抽滤瓶(GG-17 2 500 mL)、离子交换柱(Φ1.5 cm×30 cm)、马弗炉(SG-XL)等。
硫酸熟化是将少量浓硫酸与石煤钒矿充分混匀,矿石表面被少量液体润湿,矿物表层被少许液体润湿,在矿物表层产生覆膜水,把矿物包覆起来,通过矿物表层的孔隙渗进矿物内,从而与矿物进行化学反应。石煤中大部分V3+赋存于硅酸盐矿物晶格中被包裹起来,要使钒氧化,必须破坏硅酸盐矿物结构,使钒裸露出来。熟化过程中,硫酸与石煤钒矿发生如下反应:
其中M表示Ca、Mg、K、Na等。
石煤钒矿与酸反应后,硅酸盐矿物结构被破坏,裸露出来的三价钒极易被氧化成可溶性的四价钒,硅酸盐与硅酸分别转化为可溶性水合硫酸盐与难溶二氧化硅:
其中X为包裹钒的各种硅酸盐矿物。
熟化实验:称取100 g原矿样品,配制一定量硫酸,采用团球机边加酸边团球,制得8~10 mm球体;将团好的球体置于坩埚中,坩埚放入鼓风电热恒温干燥箱进行熟化;熟化结束,将样品取出,称重,取样用于检测,剩余样品用于浸出实验。
浸出实验:取熟化后的样品50 g,加水进行水浸。水浸通过水浴加热并搅拌。浸出结束后过滤,并对浆料洗涤三次,得到含钒溶液和渣。渣烘干后制样,采用化学滴定法检测渣中钒含量,计算钒浸出率。
五氧化二钒产品制备:以NaClO3氧化浸出液,然后采用离子交换法分离钒;含钒解析液经NH4Cl沉钒再经煅烧后制备得到五氧化二钒产品。
实验流程见图1
硫酸用量25%(相对原料的质量分数),在不同温度下熟化8 h,所得熟化料在粒度小于0.1 mm、温度90 ℃、液固比2∶1条件下水浸2 h,熟化温度对钒浸出率的影响见图2。由图2可知,随着熟化温度升高,钒浸出率先增大后减小,在130 ℃时达到峰值,为90.79%。主要是因为温度过高,硫酸会挥发,熟化效果不佳[15]。综合考虑,熟化温度选择130 ℃。
熟化温度130 ℃下,其他条件不变,考察了熟化时间对钒浸出率的影响,结果见图3。由图3可知:熟化4 h时,钒浸出率仅78.35%;熟化时间4~8 h,钒浸出率随着熟化时间延长而增加,在熟化时间8 h时达到峰值90.79%;熟化时间超过8 h后,钒浸出率不断降低。主要是因为过长的熟化时间不断消耗浓硫酸,不利于熟化反应。熟化时间选择8 h。
熟化时间8 h,其他条件不变,考察了硫酸用量对钒浸出率的影响,结果见图4。由图4可知,增大硫酸用量,钒浸出率增加,硫酸用量25%时,钒浸出率为90.79%,达到较高值。随着硫酸用量增加,氢离子浓度增大,使钒更容易从云母中分离出来[11]。但硫酸用量过大会浸出更多的杂质到浸出液中,不利于后续净化工序。硫酸用量选择25%。
适宜的硫酸熟化条件为:原料粒度小于0.1 mm,硫酸用量25%(相对原料的质量分数),熟化温度130 ℃,熟化时间8 h。对该条件下所得熟化料进行水浸,在液固比2∶1、浸出时间120 min条件下,考察了水浸温度对钒浸出率的影响,结果见图5。由图5可知,浸出温度升高,钒浸出率增大。这是由于熟化时生成了可溶性钒酸盐,其溶解度与浸出温度呈正相关,而浸出液黏度与温度呈负相关,溶于酸的钒易于扩散到溶液中,进而提升钒浸出率。水浸温度选择90 ℃。
水浸温度90 ℃,其他条件不变,考察了水浸时间对钒浸出率的影响,结果见图6。由图6可知,随着水浸时间延长,钒浸出率先增大后减小,在120 min时达到峰值。水浸时间越长,杂质离子就越容易被浸出,造成钒分离困难等问题。水浸时间选择120 min。
水浸时间120 min,其他条件不变,考察了液固比对钒浸出率的影响,结果见图7。由图7可知,钒浸出率随着液固比增大而增大,但液固比超过2∶1后,钒浸出率增幅减小。综合考虑,液固比选择2∶1。
石煤钒矿经熟化-浸出后,收集浸出液,加入V2O5质量0.2倍的NaClO3,将四价钒氧化成五价钒,钒直收率为98%。
氧化液中加入D202树脂开展离子交换实验,钒吸附率可达99.83%,采用6%NaOH+2%NaCl解析剂进行解析试验,解析率达99.80%。解析后的含钒富集液加入V2O5质量2倍的NH4Cl进行沉钒试验,得到偏钒酸铵,直收率达97%。偏钒酸铵在400 ℃下煅烧3 h制备得到五氧化二钒产品,其杂质分析结果如表3所示。由表3可知,采用此工艺制备所得五氧化二钒产品品位达99.21%,满足牌号V2O599标准,钒总回收率达85.99%。
1)采用硫酸熟化-水浸工艺,在原矿粒度小于0.1 mm、硫酸用量25%(相对原料的质量分数)、熟化时间8 h、熟化温度130 ℃、水浸温度90 ℃、水浸时间120 min、浸出液固比2∶1条件下,钒浸出率为90.79%。
2)浸出液氧化时钒直收率为98%,采用D202树脂吸附钒,钒吸附率可达99.83%,采用6%NaOH+2% NaCl解吸树脂中的钒,解吸率达99.80%,沉钒时,钒直收率达97%。
3)硫酸熟化-水浸-氧化-离子交换-沉钒工艺制备所得五氧化二钒品位为99.21%,钒总回收率达85.99%。
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.027
  • 接收时间:2024-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09
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    1.西安西北有色地质研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710055
    2.陕西省矿产资源综合利用工程技术研究中心,陕西 西安 710055

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康敏(1995—),女,陕西西安人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为湿法冶金及资源综合利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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