Article(id=1240648784514969839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715097600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723320368, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727712000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723320368, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723320368, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723320368, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240648781595725960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723319672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824608750, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240648786641481994, articleId=1240648784514969839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Analysis of Spatial Configuration and Mechanical Properties for Flexible Hose of Deep-Sea Mining System, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to analyze mechanical properties of conveying hose during deep-sea mining operation, a mechanical model was established with Abaqus software for the buffer, flexible hose, and mining vehicle under different working conditions to analyze effects of buoyant ball position, buoyant force, ocean current velocity and volume fraction of conveyed mineral ores on hose configuration, as well as effect of forces that flexible hose exerts on the mining vehicle. When buoyant balls are put on the position far away from a mining vehicle, the hose is prone to be dragged on the seafloor;while being closer to a mining vehicle, the hose is prone to be entangled. It is shown that the closer to a mining vehicle, the greater the buoyant force and the greater the forces that the hose exerts on the mining vehicle. Furthermore, slower current velocity is more likely to bring greater impact to the hose configuration. The velocity of ocean current will influence the direction, magnitude and variation of the forces exerted on the mining vehicle. It is suggested that with ocean current at a velocity of 0.2 m/s, buoyant balls should be put on the position 12 m away from the buffer, with buoyant force selected at 1 500 N. In this case, the maximum horizontal and vertical tensile forces of the hose on the mining vehicle are 941 N and 1 258 N, respectively.

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为了分析深海采矿输送软管在作业过程中的力学特性,基于Abaqus软件建立了不同工况下中继仓-软管-采矿车的力学模型,以研究浮力施加位置及大小、海流流速和输送介质体积分数对软管构型和软管对采矿车作用力的影响。结果表明:浮力施加位置离采矿车较远,软管易拖地,较近时软管易缠绕;浮力施加位置离采矿车越近,浮力越大,软管对采矿车的作用力越大;海流流速越小,软管越易出现构型问题;海流流速会影响软管对采矿车作用力的方向、大小和变化趋势。建议在海流流速0.2 m/s时,选取浮力1 500 N、浮力施加位置距离中继仓12 m,此时,软管对采矿车的最大水平和垂向拉力分别为941 N和1 258 N。

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曹华德(1988—),男,湖北黄冈人,博士,讲师,主要从事海洋工程技术研究。E-mail:
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张欣宇(2000—),女,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋资源开发。E-mail:

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张欣宇(2000—),女,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋资源开发。E-mail:

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张欣宇(2000—),女,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋资源开发。E-mail:

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25(3): 1-12., articleTitle=深海矿产资源开发装备现状及发展方向, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648800012922886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784514969839, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=16, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=李满红, 程阳锐, 李小艳, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李满红, 程阳锐, 李小艳, 等. 日本深海采矿发展现状分析及启示[J]. 矿冶工程, 2023, 43(4): 16-20., articleTitle=日本深海采矿发展现状分析及启示, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648800126169106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784514969839, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=李嘉豪, 金永平, 刘德顺, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李嘉豪, 金永平, 刘德顺, 等. 履带式微型海底钻机行驶动力学建模与分析[J]. 矿冶工程, 2023, 43(5): 1-5., articleTitle=履带式微型海底钻机行驶动力学建模与分析, refAbstract=null), 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doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=黎宙, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黎宙. 深海潜浮式提升舱的结构设计及水力学计算[J]. 矿冶工程, 2021, 41(2): 1-6., articleTitle=深海潜浮式提升舱的结构设计及水力学计算, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648800788869209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784514969839, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=32, pageEnd=38, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=张浩, 陈小平, 汤明刚, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张浩, 陈小平, 汤明刚, 等. 深海多金属结核矿物输送模式特征与适应性研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2023, 43(4): 32-38., articleTitle=深海多金属结核矿物输送模式特征与适应性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648800935669858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784514969839, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=11, pageStart=1236, 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(a)采矿车行驶速度;(b)采矿车与中继仓水平距离

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(a)水平作用力;(b)垂向作用力

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(a)L1=9 m,F=1 000 N,v=0.2 m/s;(b)L1=15 m,F=1 000 N,v=0.5 m/s

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(a)水平作用力;(b)垂向作用力

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(a)水平作用力;(b)垂向作用力

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(a)水平作用力;(b)垂向作用力

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(a)水平作用力;(b)垂向作用力

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301001402.830.41 020
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柔性输送软管模型参数

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深海采矿输送软管空间构型及力学性能分析
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张欣宇 1, 2 , 曹华德 1, 2 , 夏建新 1, 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024,44(5): 22-27
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2024, 44(5): 22-27
深海采矿输送软管空间构型及力学性能分析
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张欣宇1, 2 , 曹华德1, 2 , 夏建新1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国地质大学(北京) 极地地质与海洋矿产教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 2.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083
  • 张欣宇(2000—),女,河北唐山人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为海洋资源开发。E-mail:

通讯作者:

曹华德(1988—),男,湖北黄冈人,博士,讲师,主要从事海洋工程技术研究。E-mail:
Analysis of Spatial Configuration and Mechanical Properties for Flexible Hose of Deep-Sea Mining System
Xinyu ZHANG1, 2 , Huade CAO1, 2 , Jianxin XIA1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Polar Geology and Marine Mineral Resources (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2.School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.005
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为了分析深海采矿输送软管在作业过程中的力学特性,基于Abaqus软件建立了不同工况下中继仓-软管-采矿车的力学模型,以研究浮力施加位置及大小、海流流速和输送介质体积分数对软管构型和软管对采矿车作用力的影响。结果表明:浮力施加位置离采矿车较远,软管易拖地,较近时软管易缠绕;浮力施加位置离采矿车越近,浮力越大,软管对采矿车的作用力越大;海流流速越小,软管越易出现构型问题;海流流速会影响软管对采矿车作用力的方向、大小和变化趋势。建议在海流流速0.2 m/s时,选取浮力1 500 N、浮力施加位置距离中继仓12 m,此时,软管对采矿车的最大水平和垂向拉力分别为941 N和1 258 N。

深海采矿  /  管道输送  /  软管  /  中继仓  /  采矿车  /  浮力球  /  空间构型  /  力学性能

In order to analyze mechanical properties of conveying hose during deep-sea mining operation, a mechanical model was established with Abaqus software for the buffer, flexible hose, and mining vehicle under different working conditions to analyze effects of buoyant ball position, buoyant force, ocean current velocity and volume fraction of conveyed mineral ores on hose configuration, as well as effect of forces that flexible hose exerts on the mining vehicle. When buoyant balls are put on the position far away from a mining vehicle, the hose is prone to be dragged on the seafloor;while being closer to a mining vehicle, the hose is prone to be entangled. It is shown that the closer to a mining vehicle, the greater the buoyant force and the greater the forces that the hose exerts on the mining vehicle. Furthermore, slower current velocity is more likely to bring greater impact to the hose configuration. The velocity of ocean current will influence the direction, magnitude and variation of the forces exerted on the mining vehicle. It is suggested that with ocean current at a velocity of 0.2 m/s, buoyant balls should be put on the position 12 m away from the buffer, with buoyant force selected at 1 500 N. In this case, the maximum horizontal and vertical tensile forces of the hose on the mining vehicle are 941 N and 1 258 N, respectively.

deep-sea mining  /  pipeline transportation  /  flexible hose  /  buffer  /  mining vehicle  /  buoyant ball  /  spatial configuration  /  mechanical property
张欣宇, 曹华德, 夏建新. 深海采矿输送软管空间构型及力学性能分析. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 22 -27 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.005
Xinyu ZHANG, Huade CAO, Jianxin XIA. Analysis of Spatial Configuration and Mechanical Properties for Flexible Hose of Deep-Sea Mining System[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 22 -27 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.005
深海蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,可为人类发展所需的关键金属资源提供保障[1-3]。其中,多金属结核富含Mn、Co、Ni等金属元素,广泛分布于深海沉积物中,具有极大的开采价值[4]。自行式采矿车与管道提升相结合的深海多金属结核开采系统被认为是最具应用前景的采矿系统[5-6]。这种深海采矿系统主要由海底采矿车、输送软管、浮力球、中继仓、提升管道、提升泵和采矿船组成(见图1)。
深海采矿系统中,用输送软管连接中继仓和采矿车,输送软管具有“柔性”的特点,一方面是适应采矿车回采路线,另一方面适应海底地形起伏变化。采矿车运动时,软管空间形态也在变化,其力学特性对采矿车运动具有重要影响。为保证深海采矿作业安全高效,确保采矿车能够在稀软沉积物上拖动柔性输送软管稳定行走,进行输送软管空间构型及力学性能分析极为重要。
国内外专家学者[7-10]对输送软管空间构型和力学性能作了大量仿真分析。在软管空间构型方面,建立了有限元分析模型,分析影响软管空间形态的因素,主要包括软管的浮力配置方案、软管相对海流的速度、海水阻力等,但针对构型问题、动态构型变化过程等的研究较少。在软管力学性能方面,研究认为深海采矿软管输送系统受到重力、浮力、软管内流体作用力以及海流阻力等多种力的共同作用,仅有少数研究者在此基础上结合实际数据研究软管对采矿车受力状态的影响并进一步进行安全性分析。
深海采矿系统位于水下5 000 m左右,为保证采矿作业的安全,提前进行海试极为重要。本文利用有限元法,基于100 m海试系统的主要参数,考虑海流流速、浮力施加位置、浮力大小和输送介质体积分数,分析对比各因素对软管空间构型和采矿车受力动态变化规律的影响。根据模拟结果,为采矿车设计工作提供理论支持和数据支撑。
根据100 m海试需要,中继仓离海底高度10 m,采矿车离海底高度2 m,对软管构型和中继仓-柔性输送软管-采矿车力学性能进行分析,采用有限元分析模型建立单元,包括中继仓、柔性输送软管、采矿车,用浮力球在输送软管上施加浮力。结构模型如图2所示。
中继仓位置固定,记为(0,0),采矿车具体运动过程如下:在远离中继仓过程中,先线性加速4 s,速度达到0.5 m/s;再以0.5 m/s匀速移动34 s;再在4 s内线性减速到停止。在靠近中继仓过程中,运动方向指向中继仓,先线性加速4 s,速度达到0.5 m/s;再以0.5 m/s匀速移动34 s;再在4 s内线性减速到停止。
考虑到软管力学平衡特征和计算模型大小,模拟分析采矿车行驶2个来回的路程,如图3所示。
在深海采矿作业过程中,中继仓-柔性输送软管-采矿车系统受力复杂,以柔性输送软管为参考对象,柔性输送软管会受到自身重力G0、内部矿浆重力Gi、海水浮力F0、浮力球浮力F、轴向应力σx1σx2,海流拖曳力Fd和附加质量力Fm等多种复杂载荷的共同作用[4],选取微元段,其受力示意图如图4所示。
不考虑软管的抗弯强度,采用桁架单元,海流方向沿x轴正方向(见图4),仅考虑迎水工况。柔性输送软管模型参数见表1
管内输送介质的参数为:海水密度ρl=1 020 kg/m3,海水动力黏性系数η=0.001 2 kg/(m·s),多金属结核密度ρn=2 000 kg/m3,体积分数Cv=10%。
基于Morison方程,利用有限元分析软件中Aqua模块考虑柔性输送软管在海洋环境中运动所受水动力,其中水动力系数的选取对于结果的准确性有很大影响[11]。中国船级社(CCS)《海上移动平台入级规范》规定,圆柱构件的拖曳力系数CD和惯性力系数CM的取值范围分别为0.6~1.2和1.3~2.0。
文献[12]研究得出海流速度0 m/s时,拖曳力系数CD取1.3;海流速度0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s和0.8 m/s时,拖曳力系数CD取1.2。文献[13]研究得出惯性力系数直接根据构型选取经验值,CM=2。
受海洋环境和天气等因素的影响,海流速度往往多变,根据重现期为1 a的海水流速,结合采矿车在作业过程中可能遇到的海况,考虑海流速度v分别为0、0.2 m/s、0.5 m/s和0.8 m/s。对于浮力配置的设定,中继仓与浮力球间软管长度L1分别取9 m、12 m和15 m,浮力F分别取500 N、1 000 N和1 500 N,输送体积分数10%。最终,对36种工况条件进行模拟分析,并对模拟作业效果优良的工况进行体积分数分析,考虑输送介质只有海水的极端条件,即Cv=0条件下,分析应力边界条件。
对软管长度L1=12 m、浮力500 N、海流流速0.5 m/s、输送体积分数10%的工况模拟结果进行详细力学特征分析。极端力学现象出现在采矿车行驶第1个往返过程中,第2个往返过程基本趋于稳定,因此,对采矿车第1个往返过程中的软管构型和力学性能进行分析。
采矿车在驶离中继仓过程中,软管空间构型随之改变,导致软管与采矿车的相互作用力方向改变,从而导致两者相互作用力随时间变化。中继仓位置为(0,0),采矿车运动平面为z=-8 m,沿x轴往返运动,图5是采矿车在驶离中继仓过程中软管形态变化。由图5可以看出,柔性输送软管在中继仓与浮力点、浮力点与采矿车间的管道弯曲半径都比较大。而浮力点处弯曲半径较小,可以通过增加限位器,控制浮力点附近柔性输送软管的弯曲半径,从而避免弯曲半径过小导致的堵管事故。浮力点处的局部结构变化对柔性输送软管与采矿车间相互作用的影响可忽略,因此,可不考虑浮力点处限位器影响。
采矿车往返行驶过程中,软管对采矿车作用力的大小和方向变化趋势如图6所示。
图6(a)可知,采矿车驶离中继仓过程中,软管对采矿车的作用力由逐渐减小的拉力变为逐渐增大的阻力,在采矿车驶离中继仓约13 m处出现了水平拉力方向的变化;采矿车靠近中继仓过程中,软管对采矿车的作用力由逐渐减小的阻力变为逐渐增大的拉力,在采矿车靠近中继仓约22 m处出现了水平拉力方向的变化。对应图5,软管对采矿车的水平拉力为0的位置,即水平作用力方向改变的位置,连接采矿车的一段软管基本上呈竖直状态。
图6(b)可知,在采集过程中,柔性输送软管对采矿车的垂向拉力随着采矿车驶离中继仓而逐渐增加。反之,在采矿车驶向中继仓时,柔性输送软管对采矿车垂直方向作用力逐渐减小。
由于加速度的变化,软管对采矿车作用力的变化并不是一条平滑曲线,在采矿车驶离中继仓6 m、靠近中继仓23 m左右的位置,采矿车加速度突变为0,导致软管对采矿车作用力出现突变的现象。软管对采矿车最大水平作用力约256 N,最大垂向作用力约255 N。
浮力施加位置及浮力大小、海流流速、介质体积分数与系统的力学分布特征密切相关,在系统作业过程中,考虑各因素对软管空间构型和软管对采矿车作用力的影响,对不同工况条件进行分析与对比。
图7(a)是浮力点位于L1=9 m、浮力1 000 N、流速0.2 m/s工况下的软管构型情况。由图7(a)可知,采矿车运动平面为z=-8 m,沿x轴运动,在作业范围内,连接采矿车部分的软管会发生拖地现象,且容易发生缠绕。
图7(b)是浮力点位于L1=15 m、浮力1 000 N、流速0.5 m/s工况下的软管构型情况。由图7(b)可知,采矿车运动平面为z=-8 m,沿x轴运动,在作业范围内,浮力施加位置周围的软管易发生缠绕现象。
综上所述,软管在浮力施加位置离采矿车较远处容易拖地,在浮力施加位置离采矿车较近时容易在施加浮力处缠绕,且海流流速越小,越容易发生构型问题。模拟结果显示缠绕现象多发生在采矿车掉转方向的一段作业过程中。因此,为避免构型问题,可考虑控制吊设浮力球位置、缩短采矿车作业范围、控制浮力大小。
图8为浮力施加位置与软管对采矿车作用力的关系示意图,选取海流流速0.5 m/s、浮力500 N、浮力施加位置L1=9 m、12 m、15 m的工况进行分析。
图8可知,L1越大,即施加浮力位置离采矿车越近,软管对采矿车的水平拉力和垂向拉力越大。
图8(b)中,在L1=9 m的工况下,前10 m作业过程的垂向拉力基本为0,连接采矿车部分的软管在这个阶段是松弛的状态,要尽量避免出现拖地问题。在L1=15 m的工况下,曲线没有呈现闭合状态,采矿车驶回到初始位置时垂向拉力要比从初始位置刚驶离的初始状态垂向拉力大。而图8(a)中的曲线基本呈闭合状态,即水平拉力能够回到初始状态,考虑是浮力球未回到初始位置,而是在初始位置靠上的位置,导致垂向拉力要比初始状态大。
图9为海流流速0.5 m/s、浮力施加位置L1=9 m,不同浮力下软管对采矿车的作用力。整体来说,施加浮力越大,软管对采矿车的水平拉力和垂向拉力越大,在采矿车靠近中继仓的一段作业范围内,拉力一直为0,这是由于浮力施加位置L1=9 m离采矿车较远,软管在该阶段呈松弛状态。
海流流速会显著影响软管对采矿车的作用力。图10为中继仓与浮力球间柔性输送软管长度L1=12 m,浮力1 500 N,不同海流速度下软管对采矿车产生的作用力。
图10(a)可知,不同海流流速下,软管对采矿车水平拉力方向和大小均有影响,较低流速(0和0.2 m/s)时,采矿车驶离时软管对采矿车为阻力且逐渐增大,最大值分别为945 N和941 N;采矿车返回时软管对其阻力逐渐减小,并分别在距离中继仓7.5 m和12.5 m处变为逐渐增大的拉力。较高流速(0.5 m/s和0.8 m/s)时,采矿车驶离时软管对其为拉力且逐渐减小,并分别在距离中继仓7 m和12 m处变为逐渐增大的阻力,最大值分别为917 N和861 N;采矿车返回时软管对其阻力逐渐减小,并分别在距离中继仓17 m和20 m处变为逐渐增大的拉力。
图10(b)可知,不同海流流速下,软管对采矿车垂向拉力大小和变化趋势均有影响,较低流速(0和0.2 m/s)时,采矿车驶离过程中整体呈现逐渐减小的拉力,返回过程中整体呈现逐渐增大的拉力;较高流速(0.5 m/s和0.8 m/s)时相反。
管内介质体积分数对软管与采矿车间相互作用的影响显著。图11为中继仓与浮力球间柔性输送软管长度L1=12 m、浮力500 N、海流速度0.5 m/s时,输送介质体积分数分别为0(海水)和10%时,软管对采矿车产生的作用力。可以看到,管内介质为海水时,拉力的变化程度和数值都比介质体积分数10%时大。
利用有限元分析软件Abaqus,构建深海采矿系统中继仓-柔性输送软管-采矿车结构模型,利用Aqua模块考虑柔性输送软管在海洋环境中运动所受水动力。研究采矿车在作业过程中,柔性输送软管的空间构型以及对采矿车的作用力,基于各种不同的工况条件,探究海流流速、浮力施加位置、集中浮力大小和输送介质体积分数对采矿车受力的影响,为采矿作业设计提供依据。具体结论如下:
1)浮力施加位置离采矿车较远,软管容易拖地;离采矿车较近,软管易在施加浮力处产生缠绕。浮力施加位置离采矿车越近,软管对采矿车的水平拉力和垂向拉力越大。施加浮力越大,软管对采矿车水平和垂向拉力越大。
2)采矿车在行驶过程中,海流流速越小,软管越容易出现空间构型问题。海流流速会对软管与采矿车间水平拉力方向和大小产生影响,对垂直拉力大小和变化趋势产生影响。
3)经过软管受力及构型分析,建议将浮力球放置在距离中继仓12 m处。考虑到计算中海流流速(按0.2 m/s考虑)、输送体积分数(10%)和软管与实际工况差异,浮力球浮力大小建议为1 500 N。在此工况下,软管对采矿车形成的最大水平拉力为941 N,此刻采矿车离中继仓24 m,在采矿车调转方向驶向中继仓的20 s内出现最大水平拉力;软管对采矿车形成的最大垂向拉力为1 258 N,此刻采矿车离中继仓5.3 m,在采矿车驶离中继仓的20 s内出现最大垂向拉力。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801500)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52201336; 52231012)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.005
  • 接收时间:2024-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08
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国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801500)
国家自然科学基金(52201336; 52231012)
作者信息
    1.中国地质大学(北京) 极地地质与海洋矿产教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
    2.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083

通讯作者:

曹华德(1988—),男,湖北黄冈人,博士,讲师,主要从事海洋工程技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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