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Article(id=1240648784254922987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711641600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723320306, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727712000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723320306, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723320306, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723320306, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240648781595725960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723319672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824608750, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240648784561107185, articleId=1240648784254922987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Application of Superconducting Magnetic Separation in Pre-enrichment of Weathered Low-Grade Vanadium-Bearing Stone Coal Ore, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An experimental research was performed on pre-enrichment of a weathered low-grade vanadium-bearing stone coal ore to solve the problems of complex flow and high cost for the existing direct vanadium-extraction process. The process mineralogy study shows that the predominant vanadium minerals in the stone coal ore are vanadium-bearing limonite and vanadium-bearing mica, both being weakly magnetic, and a superconducting magnetic separation (SMS) plus sedimentation process is proposed for pre-enrichment of vanadium. With magnetic field strength of 4 T and slurry flow rate of 8.0 L/min, SMS produced a pre-enriched concentrate with V2O5 grade of 1.44% at a recovery of 55.08%. The SMS tailings were then subjected to sedimentation and classification to further recover vanadium, leading to the final concentrate with V2O5 grade of 1.03% and recovery of 79.48%, presenting that 59.02% tailings were discarded. With this pre-enrichment process, vanadium in the stone coal ore can be efficiently reclaimed, which meets the requirements for subsequent metallurgical vanadium extraction.

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针对某风化低品位石煤钒矿品位低、直接提钒工艺复杂且成本高的难题，开展选矿预富集试验研究。工艺矿物学研究结果表明，该石煤中钒主要赋存在含钒褐铁矿和含钒云母中，以上2种矿物均具有微弱磁性，可采用超导磁选-沉降工艺预富集钒。在磁场强度4 T、矿浆流速8.0 L/min条件下，获得了V2O5品位1.44%、回收率55.08%的超导磁选预富集精矿，超导磁选尾矿可通过沉降分级进一步回收钒，最终可获得V2O5品位1.03%、回收率79.48%、抛尾率高达59.02%的综合精矿，实现对该石煤中钒的高效富集，满足了后续冶金法提钒的要求。

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袁致涛（1971—），男，湖北大冶人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，主要研究方向为磁力分离技术、金属矿高效分离与利用、矿物材料与超细粉体制备。E-mail：
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张帅（1998—），男，山东聊城人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为超导磁选。E-mail：

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张帅（1998—），男，山东聊城人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为超导磁选。E-mail：

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张帅（1998—），男，山东聊城人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为超导磁选。E-mail：

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=预富集), Keyword(id=1240648795873145586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=钒)], refs=[Reference(id=1240648800281358370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=83, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=兰涛, 张晓瑜, 武征, journalName=环境科学与管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=兰涛, 张晓瑜, 武征, 等. 陕西省石煤提钒行业存在的问题及对策研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2013, 38(5): 83-87., articleTitle=陕西省石煤提钒行业存在的问题及对策研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648800382021675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=753, pageEnd=761, url=null, 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陕西某低品位粘土钒矿选矿富集工艺研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2016, 36(3): 44-46., articleTitle=陕西某低品位粘土钒矿选矿富集工艺研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648800931475553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=87, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=李美荣, 梁冬云, 何晓娟, journalName=金属矿山, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李美荣, 梁冬云, 何晓娟. 湖北某石煤型钒矿石工艺矿物学研究[J]. 金属矿山, 2015(2): 87-91., articleTitle=湖北某石煤型钒矿石工艺矿物学研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648801023750253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=24, issue=9, pageStart=115, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=朱黎宽, 卞孝东, 马驰, journalName=中国矿业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱黎宽, 卞孝东, 马驰, 等. 某石煤型钒矿工艺矿物学研究[J]. 中国矿业, 2015, 24(9): 115-119., articleTitle=某石煤型钒矿工艺矿物学研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648801124413563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=67, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=陈志友, 苏小琼, 柳玉良, journalName=非金属矿, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈志友, 苏小琼, 柳玉良, 等. 超导磁分离技术用于风化型高岭土除铁研究[J]. 非金属矿, 2020, 43(5): 67-69., articleTitle=超导磁分离技术用于风化型高岭土除铁研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240648801246048391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=56, issue=增刊1, pageStart=225, pageEnd=234, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=张新, 李春风, 刘志超, journalName=原子能科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张新, 李春风, 刘志超, 等. 某复杂稀土矿湿式电磁选与超导磁选预富集试验研究[J]. 原子能科学技术, 2022, 56(增刊1): 225-234., articleTitle=某复杂稀土矿湿式电磁选与超导磁选预富集试验研究, refAbstract=null), 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粒级/μmFd/（N·kg-1）Fm/（N·kg-1）H0gradH0/（1012 A2·m-3）
9150.505 1150.505 2479.10
1933.769 833.769 9107.50
2323.045 223.045 373.40
3013.545 513.545 543.10
388.442 58.442 526.90
456.020 26.020 319.20
742.226 22.226 37.09
1001.219 11.219 23.88
), ArticleFig(id=1240648797387289504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各粒级含钒矿粒受力及磁选条件

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粒级/μmFd/（N·kg-1）Fm/（N·kg-1）H0gradH0/（1012 A2·m-3）
9150.505 1150.505 2479.10
1933.769 833.769 9107.50
2323.045 223.045 373.40
3013.545 513.545 543.10
388.442 58.442 526.90
456.020 26.020 319.20
742.226 22.226 37.09
1001.219 11.219 23.88
), ArticleFig(id=1240648797492147112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
V2O5CaOAl2O3TFeMgOPSCSiO2
0.502.553.081.721.400.220.301.7080.17
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含钒石煤主要化学多元素分析结果（质量分数）

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V2O5CaOAl2O3TFeMgOPSCSiO2
0.502.553.081.721.400.220.301.7080.17
), ArticleFig(id=1240648797815108543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240648784254922987, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒级/mm产率/%V2O5品位/%分布率/%
+1.033.260.2616.11
-1.0+0.527.440.4925.75
-0.5+0.38.100.467.01
-0.3+0.157.270.506.85
-0.15+0.13.030.613.51
-0.1+0.0742.010.652.48
-0.074+0.0452.510.673.19
-0.045+0.0381.270.741.77
-0.03815.121.1633.32
合计100.000.53100.00
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含钒石煤原矿粒度筛析结果

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粒级/mm产率/%V2O5品位/%分布率/%
+1.033.260.2616.11
-1.0+0.527.440.4925.75
-0.5+0.38.100.467.01
-0.3+0.157.270.506.85
-0.15+0.13.030.613.51
-0.1+0.0742.010.652.48
-0.074+0.0452.510.673.19
-0.045+0.0381.270.741.77
-0.03815.121.1633.32
合计100.000.53100.00
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给矿方式产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
下部给矿精矿45.350.9573.67
尾矿54.650.2826.33
原矿100.000.58100.00
上部给矿精矿21.171.4455.83
尾矿78.830.3144.17
原矿100.000.55100.00
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给矿方式对分选效果的影响

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给矿方式产品名称产率/%品位/%回收率/%
下部给矿精矿45.350.9573.67
尾矿54.650.2826.33
原矿100.000.58100.00
上部给矿精矿21.171.4455.83
尾矿78.830.3144.17
原矿100.000.55100.00
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产品名称产率/%V2O5品位/%回收率/%
精矿21.171.4457.29
沉降精矿19.810.6022.19
总精矿40.981.0379.48
尾矿59.020.1920.52
原矿100.000.53100.00
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含钒石煤超导磁选-沉降试验结果

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产品名称产率/%V2O5品位/%回收率/%
精矿21.171.4457.29
沉降精矿19.810.6022.19
总精矿40.981.0379.48
尾矿59.020.1920.52
原矿100.000.53100.00
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某风化低品位石煤钒矿超导磁选预富集试验研究
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张帅 , 袁致涛 , 林子钦 , 谢雨欣 , 卢冀伟 , 顾建涛
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024,44(5): 46-50
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2024, 44(5): 46-50
某风化低品位石煤钒矿超导磁选预富集试验研究
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张帅 , 袁致涛 , 林子钦, 谢雨欣, 卢冀伟, 顾建涛
作者信息
  • 东北大学　资源与土木工程学院，辽宁　沈阳　110819

    • 张帅（1998—），男，山东聊城人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为超导磁选。E-mail：

通讯作者:

袁致涛（1971—），男，湖北大冶人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，主要研究方向为磁力分离技术、金属矿高效分离与利用、矿物材料与超细粉体制备。E-mail：
Application of Superconducting Magnetic Separation in Pre-enrichment of Weathered Low-Grade Vanadium-Bearing Stone Coal Ore
Shuai ZHANG , Zhitao YUAN , Ziqin LIN, Yuxin XIE, Jiwei LU, Jiantao GU
Affiliations
  • School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.009
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摘要
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针对某风化低品位石煤钒矿品位低、直接提钒工艺复杂且成本高的难题，开展选矿预富集试验研究。工艺矿物学研究结果表明，该石煤中钒主要赋存在含钒褐铁矿和含钒云母中，以上2种矿物均具有微弱磁性，可采用超导磁选-沉降工艺预富集钒。在磁场强度4 T、矿浆流速8.0 L/min条件下，获得了V2O5品位1.44%、回收率55.08%的超导磁选预富集精矿，超导磁选尾矿可通过沉降分级进一步回收钒，最终可获得V2O5品位1.03%、回收率79.48%、抛尾率高达59.02%的综合精矿，实现对该石煤中钒的高效富集，满足了后续冶金法提钒的要求。

石煤钒矿  /  超导磁选  /  预富集  /  钒

An experimental research was performed on pre-enrichment of a weathered low-grade vanadium-bearing stone coal ore to solve the problems of complex flow and high cost for the existing direct vanadium-extraction process. The process mineralogy study shows that the predominant vanadium minerals in the stone coal ore are vanadium-bearing limonite and vanadium-bearing mica, both being weakly magnetic, and a superconducting magnetic separation (SMS) plus sedimentation process is proposed for pre-enrichment of vanadium. With magnetic field strength of 4 T and slurry flow rate of 8.0 L/min, SMS produced a pre-enriched concentrate with V2O5 grade of 1.44% at a recovery of 55.08%. The SMS tailings were then subjected to sedimentation and classification to further recover vanadium, leading to the final concentrate with V2O5 grade of 1.03% and recovery of 79.48%, presenting that 59.02% tailings were discarded. With this pre-enrichment process, vanadium in the stone coal ore can be efficiently reclaimed, which meets the requirements for subsequent metallurgical vanadium extraction.

vanadium-bearing stone coal ore  /  superconducting magnetic separation  /  pre-enrichment  /  vanadium
张帅, 袁致涛, 林子钦, 谢雨欣, 卢冀伟, 顾建涛. 某风化低品位石煤钒矿超导磁选预富集试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 46 -50 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.009
Shuai ZHANG, Zhitao YUAN, Ziqin LIN, Yuxin XIE, Jiwei LU, Jiantao GU. Application of Superconducting Magnetic Separation in Pre-enrichment of Weathered Low-Grade Vanadium-Bearing Stone Coal Ore[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 46 -50 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.009
正文
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石煤是一种低品位钒矿，是目前除钒钛磁铁矿外最重要的一类钒矿资源，也是中国特有的一种矿产资源[1]。石煤提钒主要处理工艺为直接浸出和焙烧浸出[2]。未经预富集直接浸出石煤，矿石钒品位低，浸出过程酸（碱）消耗量大；浸出前先焙烧有利于减少药剂消耗，但焙烧过程也对环境造成严重污染[3]。浸出前对石煤钒矿进行预富集，能大幅降低生产成本。预富集方法主要有重选、浮选及联合工艺等[4-6]。通过含钒石煤工艺矿物学分析可知，钒在石煤中无独立矿物，其赋存形式复杂，载体矿物多样，主要含钒载体矿物有褐铁矿、石榴石和云母等，它们易泥化，可选性差，采用常规选矿方法均较难回收。研究表明，这些含钒矿物具有不同程度的微弱磁性[7-8]，尽管采用常规强磁选方法很难有效回收，但超导磁选机的成功研制为弱磁性含钒矿物选矿富集提供了可能性。超导磁选技术是一种新型磁分离技术，具有磁场强度大、生产能力大、占地面积小、能耗成本低、无污染等优点，目前在非金属和稀土选矿领域已有较多应用[9-10]。本文依据含钒矿物特性，针对风化低品位石煤钒矿提出了超导磁选-沉降预富集的新工艺，首先通过超导磁选对微弱磁性矿物（褐铁矿、云母等）进行分选富集，然后通过沉降分级技术回收磁选无法富集的微细粒含钒矿物，提高含钒矿物回收率，实现对该石煤钒矿中钒的高效富集，减少后续提钒中的废石量，降低成本，为该石煤钒矿的高效提钒提供技术支持。
1　颗粒在磁场中的受力分析
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磁选在超导磁选机分选空间的非均匀磁场中进行，被分选颗粒进入磁选的分离空间后，会受到磁力和机械阻力的作用[11]。
该石煤钒矿中钒的载体矿物为褐铁矿和云母，二者都具有微弱磁性，需要很高的磁场强度才能被磁场回收。采用超导磁选，微弱磁性的含钒矿物颗粒在超导磁选磁场中受到磁力作用而被捕获的过程如图1所示。含钒矿物颗粒在分选区域内需克服机械阻力，而在很大的磁力作用下最终吸附到聚磁介质上。
磁场中微弱磁性的含钒矿物颗粒所受磁力F磁为：
式中：μ0为真空磁导率，μ0=4π×10-7 H/m；χ0为含钒矿粒比磁化率；H0gradH0为磁场力。
含钒矿粒在磁场中除受到磁力外，其向聚磁介质运动过程中还会受到重力、浮力、流体阻力以及压力梯度力、附加质量力等多种形式的机械阻力，相较于矿浆流动引起的矿粒运动，由重力、浮力引起的矿粒运动可忽略不计。因此，含钒矿物颗粒在磁场中需克服的机械阻力主要有沿磁力方向运动受到的阻力Fd和水平方向的加速度力Fm。
含钒矿物颗粒沿磁力方向运动所受到的阻力Fd为：
式中：δ为矿粒密度，δ=2 200 kg/m3；d为矿粒直径；v为矿粒运动速度；μ为流体动力黏度。
设定含钒矿粒为恒定加速度运动，此时：
因此：
式中：v1为矿粒靠近聚磁介质时水平方向最大速度，m/s；a为矿物水平方向加速度，m/s2；v2为矿粒进入分选区时的速度，m/s。
故：
水平方向速度增大到v1时的加速度力Fm为：
矿粒被聚磁介质吸附需要到达聚磁介质的表面，由图1可知，矿粒在运动过程中，磁力与阻力方向相反，且合力是指向聚磁介质的，因此，磁性矿粒吸附在聚磁介质上所需的磁力满足：
即：
本试验选用分选作业区参数为：h=0.002 m，l=0.2 m。经检测含钒矿粒比磁化系数χ0=2.5×10-7 m3/kg，计算得到各粒级含钒矿粒所受磁力如表1所示。由表1可知，随着矿物粒度减小，矿粒所受阻力缓慢增大，磁场力增大。
含钒矿粒比磁化系数较低，回收含钒矿粒所需磁场力很大。超导磁选具有极高的背景磁场强度，可以在分选过程中提供极大的磁场力，因此超导磁选可对含钒矿物进行有效富集。
基于上述结果，针对该石煤钒矿开展超导磁选试验，并研究超导磁选过程的影响因素如磁场强度、矿浆流速等条件对石煤钒矿中钒矿物颗粒的富集效果，以获取超导磁选适宜的分选工艺条件。同时，由上述结果可知，微细粒含钒矿粒粒度越细，其在磁场中所受阻力越大，可能会在矿浆流的作用下来不及接触聚磁介质而损失在尾矿中，为保证含钒矿物颗粒的高效回收，需在超导磁选后增加沉降分级作业来提高钒回收率。
2　试验样品及试验方法
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2.1　试验样品
试验所用风化石煤样品取自陕西某石煤钒矿代表性样品，经颚式破碎机破碎至-2.0 mm。试验样品主要化学多元素分析结果见表2。由表2可知，此石煤中V2O5品位仅0.50%，TFe品位1.72%，主要杂质为SiO2。
试验样品中金属矿物较少，主要以褐铁矿为主，非金属矿物以石英为主，其次为方解石等。含钒矿物主要存在于褐铁矿和云母等弱磁性矿物中。但该石煤钒矿为风化型矿石，且含钒矿物褐铁矿、云母等易泥化，流体阻力较大，不利于超导磁选；脉石矿物石英等硬度较高，磨矿过程中不易磨细，与磁场中难以回收的微细粒含钒矿物在水中沉降行为差异较大，可通过沉降方式进一步富集。
2.2　原矿筛分分析
利用标准筛对破碎产品进行筛分分析，结果见表3，V2O5在各粒级中均有分布，在相对粗粒级和微细粒级中分布较多，不利于直接分级富集，-0.038 mm粒级产率15.12%，分布率高达33.32%，品位1.16%，可知对该粒级实现有效富集将直接影响最终富集效果。但由表1计算结果可知，粒级越细，颗粒在磁选过程中所要克服的阻力越大，既表明需要更大的磁场强度才能捕收，也表明该部分微细粒级颗粒相对于较粗粒级的颗粒易损失在尾矿中，造成磁选回收率偏低。
2.3　试验方法
选用JS-6.5-102L型超导磁选机（江苏旌凯中科超导高技术有限公司）对矿样进行超导磁选。磁选尾矿在体积分数5%条件下加入分散剂2 000 g/t，强力搅拌20 min，沉降5 min。超导磁选-沉降流程如图2所示。
3　试验结果及分析
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3.1　超导磁选试验
3.1.1　磨矿细度
在背景磁场强度4 T、矿浆流速2 cm/s条件下，考察了试样磨矿细度对分选效果的影响，结果见图3。随着-0.074 mm粒级占比增加，超导磁选对矿物的选择性增强，V2O5品位呈上升趋势，但细粒级矿物在磁场中所受阻力更大，导致其无法被捕获，回收率呈下降趋势。综合考虑，确定适宜的磨矿细度为-0.074 mm粒级占80%。
3.1.2　给矿速度
由式（10）可知，随着给矿速度增大，含钒矿粒在磁场中所受阻力增大。在背景磁场强度4 T、-0.074 mm粒级占80%条件下，考察了给矿速度对分选效果的影响，结果见图4。随着矿浆流速增大，矿粒与聚磁介质间的作用时间缩短，冲洗水作用力增强，预富集精矿品位升高，但产率降低导致回收率呈下降趋势。给矿速度8.0 L/min时，精矿品位0.95%，回收率73.67%。确定适宜的给矿速度为8.0 L/min。
3.1.3　背景磁场强度
在磁选过程中，磁场强度对分选效果的影响是举足轻重的，合适的磁场强度可以有效分离目的矿物和脉石矿物。在磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占80%、聚磁介质为4 mm×8 mm钢网条件下，考察了背景磁场强度对分选效果的影响，结果见图5。磁场强度4 T时分选指标较好，此时精矿品位0.94%、回收率73.67%。随着磁场强度提高，矿粒受到的磁力逐渐增强，聚磁介质表面吸附量增加，吸附量达到饱和时，精矿开始出现机械夹杂，导致回收率下降。适宜的背景磁场强度为4 T。
3.1.4　给矿方式
前述试验中给矿均为下部给矿。给矿方式不同，矿浆在腔体内流速不同，含钒矿粒所受流体拖拽力不同。上部给矿是将矿浆从腔体上方给入，尾矿从腔体下部流出，不易堵塞和堆积；下部给矿是矿浆从下方进入，当腔体内部聚磁介质吸附量增多后对下方进入的矿浆阻力增大，影响分选效果。在背景磁场强度4 T、磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占80%条件下，考察了上部给矿和下部给矿对预富集产品选矿指标的影响，结果见表4。从表4可以看出，上部给矿方式相较于下部给矿，精矿品位提升了0.49个百分点，产率下降了24.18个百分点。造成这种现象的原因可能是下部给矿时矿浆经磁场分选后造成堆积，影响分选过程。后续试验选择上部给矿方式。
3.2　沉降
经超导磁选后精矿产品品位由0.50%提升到1.44%，但回收率仅55.83%。由表3可知，石煤中V2O5在各粒级分布较均匀，在-0.038 mm粒级相对集中，但这部分矿物在磁场中所受阻力较大，难以利用超导磁选对其进行有效富集。为了获得更高的回收率，由相关研究可知，可通过沉降试验来提高矿石中V2O5的回收率。
按图2所示流程，对超导磁选尾矿进行了沉降试验。超导磁选尾矿品位0.31%，经一段沉降，可得到产率19.81%、品位0.60%的沉降精矿，有效回收了磁选无法回收的微细粒含钒矿物。
3.3　超导磁选-沉降试验
按图2所示流程进行了超导磁选-沉降试验，沉降精矿与超导磁选精矿合并得到总精矿，试验结果如表5所示。风化石煤经超导磁选-沉降处理，最终精矿产品V2O5品位1.03%、回收率79.48%、富集比1.94，有较好的富集效果，证明超导磁选-沉降工艺可以有效富集磁选难以回收的细粒级含钒矿物，最终抛尾可达59.02%。
4　结语
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针对某风化低品位石煤钒矿中钒的富集开展了超导磁选-沉降技术研究，研究了超导磁选过程主要影响因素，获得了适宜的试验条件和工艺流程，相对于传统提钒工艺具有流程更短、废渣废液少的优势，实现了对该石煤钒矿的有效回收，为后续冶金提钒奠定了良好基础。获得主要结论如下：
1）对风化石煤进行超导磁选的适宜条件为：试样磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占80%，背景磁场强度4 T，给矿流速8.0 L/min。在此条件下获得了V2O5品位1.44%、回收率57.29%的超导磁选精矿。对磁选尾矿进行一段沉降，可有效富集原矿中超导磁选难以富集的微细粒级含钒矿粒，最终可以得到V2O5品位1.03%、回收率79.48%的混合精矿。
2）国内石煤钒矿V2O5品位0.5%属于边界品位，一般不予开采。利用超导磁选-沉降工艺可使这种石煤钒矿得到有效富集，抛除59.02%的尾矿，获得高品位精矿产品。经此工艺富集后的含钒产品在后续湿法冶金过程中可大量降低酸碱用量、减少废渣废液产生，实现该类型石煤钒矿的绿色开发。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(51704057)
  • 中央高校基本业务科研项目(N2201010)
文献
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.009
  • 接收时间：2024-03-29
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-03-29
基金
国家自然科学基金(51704057)
中央高校基本业务科研项目(N2201010)
作者信息
    东北大学　资源与土木工程学院，辽宁　沈阳　110819

通讯作者:

袁致涛（1971—），男，湖北大冶人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，主要研究方向为磁力分离技术、金属矿高效分离与利用、矿物材料与超细粉体制备。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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