Article(id=1240648783076315279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709827200000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723320025, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727712000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723320025, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723320025, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723320025, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240648781595725960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723319672, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773824608750, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241073618831078098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240648781595725960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=89, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240648783361527954, articleId=1240648783076315279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Binder Selection and Bonding Mechanism in Pelletization Process of Copper Slag Flotation Tailings, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Copper slag flotation tailings were taken as raw materials, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), bentonite, sodium silicate alone or the mixture were taken as binders to prepare copper slag pellet for reducing dust and flue gas generated during utilization of copper slag tailings. The effect of binder on balling was explored in terms of the drop numbers, compressive strength and cracking temperature of green ball, and microscopic morphology, adsorption characteristics and surface potential changes were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential detection. Results show that all three binders can be useful in agglomeration of copper slag tailings. When used alone, CMC, bentonite and sodium silicate are required to be added at an amount more than 0.20%, 2.0% and 2.5%, respectively. In case of CMC used in combination with bentonite or sodium silicate, bentonite or sodium silicate should be added at an amount of more than 2.0% and more than 2.5%, respectively, with the addition of CMC is at an amount of 0.1%;while with the addition of CMC at an amount of 0.15%, the addition of bentonite or sodium silicate should be more than 1.5% and more than 2.0%, respectively. With the addition of binder, the prepared pellet has more compacted structure and stronger spatial structure. It is found that copper slag tailings particles have a lower value of zeta potential, and an improved hydrophilicity, which can promote interparticle adsorption, and thus improves pellet quality.

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为减少铜渣尾矿资源化利用过程的粉尘和烟气,以铜渣尾矿为原料,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、膨润土、水玻璃单独或复配为黏结剂制备铜渣球团,通过落下强度、抗压强度和生球爆裂温度考察黏结剂的成球效果,借助扫描电镜、红外光谱和Zeta电位测试分析球团内部微观形貌、吸附特征和表面电位变化。结果表明:3种黏结剂均可实现铜渣尾矿的团粒化黏结;黏结剂单独使用时,CMC配量应大于0.20%,膨润土配量应大于2.0%,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%;CMC与膨润土或水玻璃复配,CMC配量0.1%时,膨润土配量应大于2.0%,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%;CMC配量为0.15%时,膨润土配量应大于1.5%,水玻璃配量应大于2.0%。添加黏结剂后,球团内部结构更加紧凑,空间结构更加牢固;铜渣尾矿颗粒表面Zeta电位降低,亲水性提高,促进了颗粒间的吸附作用进而提高球团质量。

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罗立群(1968—),男,湖南长沙人,高级工程师,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为矿物资源高效利用与清洁生产。E-mail:
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刘江(1997—),男,重庆梁平人,硕士,主要研究方向为矿物资源高效利用与清洁生产。E-mail:

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(a)干球落下强度;(b)干球抗压强度

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(a)生球落下强度;(b)生球抗压强度;(c)生球爆裂温度

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(a)干球落下强度;(b)干球抗压强度

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(a)生球落下强度;(b)生球抗压强度;(c)生球爆裂温度

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(a)对干球落下强度的影响;(b)对干球抗压强度的影响

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(a),(b)铜渣尾矿粉末;(c),(d)添加CMC的干球断面;(e),(f)添加膨润土的干球断面;(g),(h)添加水玻璃的干球断面

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(a)CMC;(b)膨润土

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TFeFe2O3SiO2Al2O3CaOMgOCuO
36.4236.8637.376.595.252.920.14
ZnOPbOCr2O3SK2ONa2O其他
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TFeFe2O3SiO2Al2O3CaOMgOCuO
36.4236.8637.376.595.252.920.14
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SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2O
64.3616.644.930.881.691.571.02
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9530020400
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膨润土理化性能分析结果

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铜渣尾矿团粒过程黏结剂筛选及黏结机理
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刘江 1, 2, 3 , 罗立群 1, 2, 3 , 刘成 1, 2, 3 , 叶远林 1, 2, 3 , J. Christophe Niyonzima 1, 2, 3 , 雷严明 1, 2, 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024,44(5): 89-95
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2024, 44(5): 89-95
铜渣尾矿团粒过程黏结剂筛选及黏结机理
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刘江1, 2, 3 , 罗立群1, 2, 3 , 刘成1, 2, 3, 叶远林1, 2, 3, J. Christophe Niyonzima1, 2, 3, 雷严明1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 2.关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 3.矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 刘江(1997—),男,重庆梁平人,硕士,主要研究方向为矿物资源高效利用与清洁生产。E-mail:

通讯作者:

罗立群(1968—),男,湖南长沙人,高级工程师,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为矿物资源高效利用与清洁生产。E-mail:
Binder Selection and Bonding Mechanism in Pelletization Process of Copper Slag Flotation Tailings
Jiang LIU1, 2, 3 , Liqun LUO1, 2, 3 , Cheng LIU1, 2, 3, Yuanlin YE1, 2, 3, J. Christophe Niyonzima1, 2, 3, Yanming LEI1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • 3.Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2024-10-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.018
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为减少铜渣尾矿资源化利用过程的粉尘和烟气,以铜渣尾矿为原料,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、膨润土、水玻璃单独或复配为黏结剂制备铜渣球团,通过落下强度、抗压强度和生球爆裂温度考察黏结剂的成球效果,借助扫描电镜、红外光谱和Zeta电位测试分析球团内部微观形貌、吸附特征和表面电位变化。结果表明:3种黏结剂均可实现铜渣尾矿的团粒化黏结;黏结剂单独使用时,CMC配量应大于0.20%,膨润土配量应大于2.0%,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%;CMC与膨润土或水玻璃复配,CMC配量0.1%时,膨润土配量应大于2.0%,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%;CMC配量为0.15%时,膨润土配量应大于1.5%,水玻璃配量应大于2.0%。添加黏结剂后,球团内部结构更加紧凑,空间结构更加牢固;铜渣尾矿颗粒表面Zeta电位降低,亲水性提高,促进了颗粒间的吸附作用进而提高球团质量。

铜渣尾矿  /  球团  /  黏结剂  /  黏结机理  /  爆裂温度  /  落下强度  /  抗压强度  /  Zeta电位

Copper slag flotation tailings were taken as raw materials, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), bentonite, sodium silicate alone or the mixture were taken as binders to prepare copper slag pellet for reducing dust and flue gas generated during utilization of copper slag tailings. The effect of binder on balling was explored in terms of the drop numbers, compressive strength and cracking temperature of green ball, and microscopic morphology, adsorption characteristics and surface potential changes were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and Zeta potential detection. Results show that all three binders can be useful in agglomeration of copper slag tailings. When used alone, CMC, bentonite and sodium silicate are required to be added at an amount more than 0.20%, 2.0% and 2.5%, respectively. In case of CMC used in combination with bentonite or sodium silicate, bentonite or sodium silicate should be added at an amount of more than 2.0% and more than 2.5%, respectively, with the addition of CMC is at an amount of 0.1%;while with the addition of CMC at an amount of 0.15%, the addition of bentonite or sodium silicate should be more than 1.5% and more than 2.0%, respectively. With the addition of binder, the prepared pellet has more compacted structure and stronger spatial structure. It is found that copper slag tailings particles have a lower value of zeta potential, and an improved hydrophilicity, which can promote interparticle adsorption, and thus improves pellet quality.

copper slag flotation tailings  /  pellets  /  binder  /  bonding mechanism  /  cracking temperature  /  drop number  /  compressive strength  /  Zeta potential
刘江, 罗立群, 刘成, 叶远林, J. Christophe Niyonzima, 雷严明. 铜渣尾矿团粒过程黏结剂筛选及黏结机理. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (5) : 89 -95 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.018
Jiang LIU, Liqun LUO, Cheng LIU, Yuanlin YE, J. Christophe Niyonzima, Yanming LEI. Binder Selection and Bonding Mechanism in Pelletization Process of Copper Slag Flotation Tailings[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (5) : 89 -95 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.018
铜与人类关系非常密切,在我国有色金属材料中的消费量仅次于铝,广泛应用于电气、轻工、机械制造、建筑工业、国防工业等领域。2022年我国精炼铜产量达1 106.3万吨,80%以上的精炼铜由火法冶炼生产,同时产生炼铜炉渣超过2 600万吨[1]。炼铜炉渣经缓冷-破碎-磨矿-浮选回收铜资源后的尾矿称为铜渣尾矿[2],仍富含较高的铁和少量铅锌等多种有价金属。其中铁品位为30%~42%,主要为细粒嵌布的铁橄榄石和磁铁矿;铅、锌品位为1%~3%,锌主要以类质同象形式赋存在铁橄榄石、磁铁矿、铅铁硅质玻璃体中,铅则赋存于铅铁硅质玻璃体中[3]。铜渣尾矿既具有较高的综合回收价值,也存在潜在的环境污染风险。
国内外回收炼铜炉渣与铜渣尾矿中有价金属的方法主要有:磨矿-磁选法、熔分法、碳热还原-磁选法、氧化焙烧-碱浸法、碳热还原-碱浸法[4-8]。由于铜渣尾矿粒度较细,采用回转窑等还原装置进行直接还原焙烧时会产生大量粉尘和烟气,导致回转窑等还原装置尾气处理系统和物料循环负荷较大,降低还原处理能力和综合回收效益。若预先采用团粒造球,可有效解决粉尘量大、烟尘处理难、综合能耗高等问题。针对铜渣尾矿如何选用合适的黏结剂及配量,特别是尽量不降低原料铁品位的有机黏结剂与复合黏结剂,相关研究较少。为了选用适用于铜渣尾矿的有机黏结剂和复合黏结剂,本文对比考察了不同黏结剂在团粒过程的黏结效果及黏结机理,为铜渣尾矿的综合利用提供参考依据。
实验原料为某铜业公司铜渣尾矿,其TFe品位为36.42%。铜渣尾矿中主要含有铁橄榄石(2FeO·SiO2)、磁铁矿(Fe3O4)、少量硫化物以及由脉石组成的无定形玻璃体[3],其化学多元素分析结果如表1所示。铜渣尾矿粒度对造球具有一定影响,其粒度分布结果见图1。由图1可知,铜渣尾矿的粒度主要集中在10~74 μm,-74 μm粒级占76.84%,铜渣尾矿粒度适合造球[9]
黏结剂在粉料团粒与造球中承担桥联与团聚作用,实验选用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为黏结剂,配合膨润土和水玻璃,其中CMC和水玻璃为分析纯药剂,膨润土主要化学成分和理化性能见表2表3
球团制备:称取1 000 g铜渣尾矿,按设定比例称取黏结剂,铜渣尾矿与黏结剂充分混合后加入质量分数9%的水进行润湿混匀,然后在Ф600 mm×210 mm圆盘造球机中造球,转数35 r/min,倾角45°。生球水分控制为11%,成球后选用直径5~12 mm的小球,对其进行落下强度、抗压强度及爆裂温度测试。
落下强度检测:参照GB/T 50491—2018《铁矿球团工程设计标准》,要求生球落下强度不小于4次[10]。干燥后的含碳球团从烘干机排出后直接排入回转窑中进行还原焙烧,因此对干球团落下强度要求不高,只需保证生球在烘干过程中不会碎裂,故干球落下强度只需不小于2次即可。
抗压强度检测:随机选取10个球团测试抗压强度,结果取平均值。对于链箅机-回转窑工艺来说,生球抗压强度主要来自干燥时小球间的相互挤压,故生球抗压强度不小于8.81 N/个、干球抗压强度不小于22.1 N/个即可。
生球爆裂温度:热风流量10 m3/h,温度梯度20 ℃,随机取30个合格生球装入风杯,生球放入爆裂炉管内持续5 min。若生球发生爆裂个数小于2个,则提高温度,重复进行测试,直到刚好出现2个生球爆裂,此时的温度作为此次实验的爆裂温度。对于链箅机-回转窑工艺来说,生球的爆裂温度一般不低于350 ℃。
为探究有机黏结剂CMC对铜渣尾矿球团性能的影响,选择黏结剂配量分别为0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%进行造球,考察CMC配量对生球性能的影响,结果如图2所示;CMC配量对干球性能的影响如图3所示。
图2可知,随着CMC配量增加,生球落下强度和抗压强度均逐渐增加。CMC配量从0.05%增加至0.25%时,生球落下强度从3.3次/(0.5 m)上升至9.8次/(0.5 m),抗压强度从2.0 N/个上升至9.3 N/个;CMC配量达到0.20%时,生球落下强度和抗压强度分别为7.6次/(0.5 m)和7.8 N/个,均满足铜渣球团生产工艺要求。
图2还可以看到,生球爆裂温度随CMC配量增加呈现先增加后下降趋势。CMC配量由0.05%增加至0.15%时,生球爆裂温度从320 ℃上升至410 ℃,说明有机黏结剂CMC可以有效提高铜渣尾矿生球的爆裂温度;黏结剂配量超过0.15%后,生球爆裂温度呈下降趋势。CMC中有机组分可以增强铜渣尾矿表面的亲水性,使得铜渣尾矿颗粒间的黏结性增强,球团内部结构更加紧密,当温度上升至某一阈值时,CMC中的有机组分会因高温而分解,产生的气体在球团内部形成少量孔道,利于高温下球团内部水分蒸发及时排出,进而提高爆裂温度[11]。若有机黏结剂配量过多,在高温环境下有机黏结剂的分解和球团水分的蒸发导致生成的气体过多,球团内部气体无法及时向外扩散,球团内部压力增大,生球爆裂温度降低[12]
图3可知,干球强度与CMC配量呈正相关。CMC配量由0.05%增加至0.25%时,干球落下强度从0上升至4.3次/(0.5 m),抗压强度从4.2 N/个上升至36.8 N/个;CMC配量达到0.20%时,干球落下强度和抗压强度分别为3.4次/(0.5 m)和28.3 N/个,均满足铜渣球团生产要求。
采用膨润土和水玻璃分别作为铜渣尾矿球团黏结剂,黏结剂配量对生球性能的影响如图4所示。
图4(a)、(b)可知,随着黏结剂配量增加,生球落下强度和抗压强度都有明显提升。黏结剂配量相同时,水玻璃生球落下强度略高于膨润土生球,而抗压强度相对较低。黏结剂配量2.5%时,膨润土生球落下强度和抗压强度分别为4.7次/(0.5 m)和12.2 N/个,水玻璃生球落下强度和抗压强度分别为6.5次/(0.5 m)和8.5 N/个,均满足球团工艺要求。
图4(c)可知,膨润土和水玻璃生球爆裂温度随黏结剂配量增加而升高。黏结剂配量1.0%时,膨润土和水玻璃生球爆裂温度为319 ℃和303 ℃,黏结剂配量提升至3.0%时,膨润土和水玻璃生球爆裂温度分别达到522 ℃和479 ℃,提升幅度较大。
水玻璃与铜渣尾矿混合后,通过附着在颗粒表面一层薄薄的水玻璃膜与相邻颗粒产生黏结作用,增强球团内部结构稳定性,提高球团强度,从而提升生球爆裂温度[13]。膨润土加入混合料后,生球产生少量孔隙,干燥时球团水分汽化易于排出,从而提升生球爆裂温度。
不同无机黏结剂对干球性能的影响如图5所示。由图5可知,随着黏结剂配量增加,干球强度均增大。黏结剂配量由1.0%增加至3.0%时,膨润土干球落下强度和抗压强度分别从0、10.5 N/个增加至3.4次/(0.5 m)、29.4 N/个;水玻璃干球落下强度和抗压强度分别从0.8次/(0.5 m)、8.7 N/个增加到5.0次/(0.5 m)、30.1 N/个。黏结剂配量相同时,水玻璃干球落下强度略高于膨润土干球,而2种黏结剂的干球抗压强度差别不大。膨润土作黏结剂时,配量大于2.0%才可满足生产工艺要求,而水玻璃配量应超过2.5%。
从上述结果分析可得,在满足铜渣球团生产工艺要求下,单独添加黏结剂时,CMC配量应大于0.2%,膨润土配量应大于2.0%,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%,相比于膨润土和水玻璃,CMC配量更低,对球团品位影响较小,且对生球落下强度和干球强度的提升幅度更大。无机黏结剂膨润土和水玻璃配量远大于有机黏结剂CMC配量,影响球团的铁品位,且无机黏结剂中主要为难以挥发的无机物,在球团焙烧过后会残留在球团中。有机黏结剂CMC配量小,且在高温下易分解挥发,只有极少的残渣遗留在球团中,对球团铁品位影响很小。
将铜渣尾矿、有机黏结剂CMC及膨润土按不同配量混合均匀后制备球团,测试其球团性能。每次称取1.50 kg铜渣尾矿,参照前述球团制备条件,制备后测试球团性能,结果如图6所示。
图6(a)、(b)可知:固定膨润土配量为1.5%,不加CMC生球落下强度仅3.6次/(0.5 m),抗压强度为7.2 N/个;CMC配量为0.10%、0.15%时,生球落下强度上升至5.3次/(0.5 m)、7.8次/(0.5 m),生球抗压强度上升至8.5 N/个、9.0 N/个。由此可知,随着CMC配量增加,生球落下强度明显提升,生球抗压强度提升较小。
图6(c)可知,生球爆裂温度随着CMC配量增加有明显提升。膨润土配量为1.0%时,未添加CMC黏结剂生球爆裂温度不足250 ℃,CMC配量增加至0.15%时,生球爆裂温度升高至380 ℃,满足生球爆裂温度不低于350 ℃的工艺要求。未添加CMC时,膨润土配量达到2.0%生球爆裂温度方才满足生产要求;添加0.10%CMC时,膨润土配量仅需1.5%即可达到370 ℃的爆裂温度。
CMC配加膨润土对干球性能的影响如图7所示。由图7可知:随着CMC配量增大,干球强度均增大;干球抗压强度提升较显著,而干球落下强度提升幅度较小,与单一黏结剂膨润土球团强度较为接近。为满足生产工艺要求,CMC配量0.10%时,膨润土配量应大于2.0%;CMC配量0.15%时,膨润土配量应大于1.5%。
参照CMC与膨润土复合造球条件,CMC与水玻璃复合黏结剂生球性能测试结果如图8所示。
图8(a)、(b)可知,CMC配加水玻璃对生球强度有一定提升。随着CMC配量增加,生球落下强度和抗压强度皆有小幅度上升。相比于膨润土,CMC配加水玻璃对生球强度的影响较低。
图8(c)可知,CMC配加水玻璃可以提高生球爆裂温度。CMC配量0.15%、水玻璃配量2.0%时,生球爆裂温度即可满足工艺要求;而添加0.10%CMC时,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%。
CMC配加水玻璃对干球强度影响如图9所示。由图9可知,随着CMC配量增加,干球强度均增大。
综合可得,有机黏结剂的复合对提升生球落下强度和干球抗压强度的效果较佳,而对生球抗压强度及干球落下强度影响较小。为满足球团工艺要求,CMC配量0.10%时,膨润土配量应大于2.0%,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%;CMC配量0.15%时,膨润土配量应大于1.5%,水玻璃配量应大于2.0%。
有机黏结剂与无机黏结剂在结构上存在差异,在造球过程中与铜渣尾矿颗粒间的作用方式不同,故对球团内部结构产生不同作用效果。为查明黏结剂在球团内部的黏结行为,采用扫描电镜观察铜渣尾矿及添加CMC、水玻璃和膨润土球团的内部形貌结构,如图10所示。
图10可知,黏结剂为CMC和水玻璃时,球团内部结构更加紧凑,空间结构更加牢固,因此CMC和水玻璃干球强度比膨润土干球强度高。黏结剂为膨润土时,球团内部有少量孔隙,铜渣尾矿颗粒间相对作用力有所降低,导致球团空间结构不如CMC和水玻璃球团牢固,干球强度相比于CMC和水玻璃干球较低。水玻璃通过附着在铜渣尾矿球团表面形成一层水玻璃薄膜,球团干燥后水玻璃薄膜因脱水固结可增强颗粒间的作用力,致使球团结构较为致密、紧凑,干球强度较高。
球团中存在的少量孔隙,有助于铜渣尾矿的焙烧还原,而CMC为有机物,在高温下易分解成水和二氧化碳,无尾渣残留,对球团铁品位影响很小。
为探究有机黏结剂CMC与铜渣尾矿的作用方式,对吸附CMC前后的铜渣尾矿进行红外光谱分析,结果如图11所示。
对比图11中铜渣尾矿的光谱曲线和CMC+铜渣尾矿的光谱曲线可知,569 cm-1处为Fe—O伸缩振动峰,474 cm-1处为Si—O伸缩振动峰。当铜渣尾矿吸附黏结剂后,红外光谱在873 cm-1和825 cm-1出现了新的特征峰,且在1 636 cm-1处的振动峰移动到1 642 cm-1处,1 050 cm-1处的特征峰移动到1 037 cm-1处。由此可知,CMC结构中含有亲水基团的羧基在铜渣尾矿颗粒表面产生了吸附作用。此外,3 424 cm-1处的羟基移动到3 429 cm-1处也表明CMC分子结构中的极性基团以氢键形式与铜渣尾矿颗粒表面发生作用。
黏结剂吸附在矿物材料表面,会改变矿物材料表面的电位,显示黏结剂与矿物材料间的相互作用关系。铜渣尾矿吸附黏结剂后悬浮液pH值的变化对试样Zeta电位的影响如图12所示。
图12(a)可知,CMC的Zeta电位在零电点以下,说明CMC中含有大量羧基能使CMC在水中电离,铜渣尾矿吸附CMC后,含有大量羧基的CMC吸附在铜渣尾矿表面,使铜渣尾矿表面电负性增大。在测定的pH值范围内,吸附了大量CMC的铜渣尾矿表面呈现与黏结剂相近的电性。
铜渣尾矿球团加入CMC后,CMC表面含有大量的极性基团可与铜渣尾矿颗粒之间产生化学吸附,而CMC表面的亲水基团可以提高铜渣尾矿表面的亲水性,以促进颗粒间的相互作用,进而提高球团质量。
图12(b)可知,与膨润土作用后铜渣尾矿的Zeta电位值均向下移动,表明膨润土中存有的极性基团会吸附在铜渣尾矿颗粒表面带正电荷阳离子上,使得铜渣尾矿表面的Zeta电位降低。
1)某铜业公司铜渣尾矿TFe品位达36.42%,含有少量铅锌有价成分,-0.074 mm粒级占76.84%,CMC、膨润土或水玻璃3种黏结剂均可实现铜渣尾矿的团粒化黏结制备球团。
2)黏结剂单独加入铜渣尾矿时,CMC、膨润土和水玻璃的配量应分别大于0.20%、2.0%和2.5%,方可满足球团生产工艺要求。添加CMC的生球爆裂温度为320~410 ℃,较膨润土的略低。
3)CMC与膨润土或水玻璃复配时,CMC配量0.10%时,膨润土配量应大于2.0%,水玻璃配量应大于2.5%;CMC配量0.15%时,膨润土配量应大于1.5%,水玻璃配量应大于2.0%。
4)微观形貌结果表明,添加黏结剂后,球团内部结构更加紧凑,空间结构更加牢固。红外光谱显示CMC分子结构中的极性基团以氢键形式与铜渣尾矿表面发生作用而吸附在其表面,从而改善了表面亲水性。CMC的加入降低了铜渣尾矿表面Zeta电位,提高了铜渣尾矿表面的亲水性,促进了颗粒间的吸附作用,从而提高球团质量。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51874219)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.05.018
  • 接收时间:2024-03-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-08
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国家自然科学基金(51874219)
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    1.武汉理工大学 资源与环境工程学院,湖北 武汉 430070
    2.关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430070
    3.矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430070

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罗立群(1968—),男,湖南长沙人,高级工程师,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为矿物资源高效利用与清洁生产。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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