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Article(id=1240631882166104104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726416000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719290534, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1738339200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719290534, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719290534, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719290534, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631872800215183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='187', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719288300, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724138257, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=113, endPage=117, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631883432784011, articleId=1240631882166104104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Design and Simulation of Continuous Production Process of Lithium Carbonate from Spodumene, columnId=1236276106727321817, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=METALLURGY, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A process for continuous producing lithium carbonate from spodumene was presented based on the processing technique including converting natural spodumene into β-spodumene for roasting, and sulphation roasting. Aspen Plus software was adopted to simulate the whole production process, with the parameters optimized as follows: H2SO4 and Li2O in a molar ratio of 1.1, liquid-solid ratio of 2.0, and temperature for lithium precipitation at 85 ℃. Under the above conditions, lithium carbonate product can be finally produced with purity of 99.55% (in a mass fraction), presenting lithium recovery rate at 87.7%. The energy consumption of natural gas, pure water and steam is 0.42, 6.64 and 0.72 per unit of lithium carbonate product respectively.

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研究了基于锂辉石转型焙烧和硫酸化焙烧生产碳酸锂的锂辉石连续化生产工艺。运用Aspen Plus软件对生产过程进行全流程模拟计算，优化参数为：H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比1.1、浸出液固比2.0、沉锂温度85 ℃，该参数条件下最终获得纯度（质量分数）99.55%的碳酸锂产品，锂回收率为87.7%，天然气、纯水和蒸汽等能源的消耗量分别为单位碳酸锂产品量的0.42、6.64和0.72倍。

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彭艳枚（1988—），女，湖南娄底人，硕士，工程师，主要从事化工新能源工艺开发与科技管理。E-mail：

, authorsList=彭艳枚, 杨万典, 易峦, 段晓影, 刘奕祺, 彭诗樱, 张丽芬)}, authors=[Author(id=1240651360035721286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=pengymei@minmetals.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1240651360161550413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, authorId=1240651360035721286, language=EN, stringName=Yanmei PENG, firstName=Yanmei, middleName=null, lastName=PENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co, Ltd, Changsha 410012, Hunan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1240651360295768152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, authorId=1240651360035721286, language=CN, stringName=彭艳枚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012, bio={"content":"

彭艳枚（1988—），女，湖南娄底人，硕士，工程师，主要从事化工新能源工艺开发与科技管理。E-mail：

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彭艳枚（1988—），女，湖南娄底人，硕士，工程师，主要从事化工新能源工艺开发与科技管理。E-mail：

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Composition of the spodumene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Li2OCaOAl2O3SiO2Fe2O3MgO
5.281.2825.0359.952.670.31
K2ONa2OTiO2P2O5MnORb2O
2.400.611.140.400.290.64
), ArticleFig(id=1240651367619023245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

锂辉石原料组成（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Li2OCaOAl2O3SiO2Fe2O3MgO
5.281.2825.0359.952.670.31
K2ONa2OTiO2P2O5MnORb2O
2.400.611.140.400.290.64
), ArticleFig(id=1240651367728075152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Operating parameters of main process equipment

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设备名称温度/℃压力/MPa
转型焙烧窑（M101）1 1000.01
酸化焙烧窑（M103）3000.01
水浸槽（V101）530.01
调节槽（V201）570.01
净化槽（V202）580.01
沉锂槽（V203）850.01
水洗槽（V204）950.01
真空干燥机（M205）120-0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1240651367837127060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要工艺设备操作参数

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设备名称温度/℃压力/MPa
转型焙烧窑（M101）1 1000.01
酸化焙烧窑（M103）3000.01
水浸槽（V101）530.01
调节槽（V201）570.01
净化槽（V202）580.01
沉锂槽（V203）850.01
水洗槽（V204）950.01
真空干燥机（M205）120-0.02
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Main material flow parameters

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物流温度/℃压力/MPa质量流量/（kg·h-1）H2OA-SPB-SPLi2ONa2SO4CaOCaCO3Al2O3SiO2Li2CO3H2SO4CH4O2N2
A-SP400.2128560.150.85000000000000
AIR400.059030.170000000000000.23290.7671
B-SP11600.011092800100000000000
B-SP21600.01109280000.052800.012800.25030.599500000
CaCO3400.02190000000.020.980000000
CaO400.029.700000100000000
CH4400.05521.03000000000000.965600.0344
H2O-1400.01812010000000000000
H2O-2950.220510000000000000
H2SO4400.221160.020000000000.98000
Li2CO3120-0.0212540.00010000.003900000.99550000
Li2SO4560.220759.390.392000.000600.006700.13160.315600.0074000
Na2CO3400.0262880.70000000000000
物流Fe2O3MgOK2ONa2OTiO2P2O5MnORb2OLi2SO4MgSO4K2SO4Na+Li+Al3+Fe3+SO42-CO32-
A-SP00000000000000000
AIR00000000000000000
B-SP100000000000000000
B-SP20.02670.00310.0240.00610.01140.0040.00290.0064000000000
CaCO300000000000000000
CaO00000000000000000
CH400000000000000000
H2O-100000000000000000
H2O-200000000000000000
H2SO400000000000000000
Li2CO3000000000.000300000000
Li2SO40.0140.00160.0120.00310.0060.00210.00150.003400.00010.00120.00010.01276.96×10-59.83×10-60.08820
Na2CO3000000000000.130100000.1699
), ArticleFig(id=1240651368055230881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主要物料流股参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物流温度/℃压力/MPa质量流量/（kg·h-1）H2OA-SPB-SPLi2ONa2SO4CaOCaCO3Al2O3SiO2Li2CO3H2SO4CH4O2N2
A-SP400.2128560.150.85000000000000
AIR400.059030.170000000000000.23290.7671
B-SP11600.011092800100000000000
B-SP21600.01109280000.052800.012800.25030.599500000
CaCO3400.02190000000.020.980000000
CaO400.029.700000100000000
CH4400.05521.03000000000000.965600.0344
H2O-1400.01812010000000000000
H2O-2950.220510000000000000
H2SO4400.221160.020000000000.98000
Li2CO3120-0.0212540.00010000.003900000.99550000
Li2SO4560.220759.390.392000.000600.006700.13160.315600.0074000
Na2CO3400.0262880.70000000000000
物流Fe2O3MgOK2ONa2OTiO2P2O5MnORb2OLi2SO4MgSO4K2SO4Na+Li+Al3+Fe3+SO42-CO32-
A-SP00000000000000000
AIR00000000000000000
B-SP100000000000000000
B-SP20.02670.00310.0240.00610.01140.0040.00290.0064000000000
CaCO300000000000000000
CaO00000000000000000
CH400000000000000000
H2O-100000000000000000
H2O-200000000000000000
H2SO400000000000000000
Li2CO3000000000.000300000000
Li2SO40.0140.00160.0120.00310.0060.00210.00150.003400.00010.00120.00010.01276.96×10-59.83×10-60.08820
Na2CO3000000000000.130100000.1699
), ArticleFig(id=1240651368155894182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Energy consumption

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能源消耗量/（kg·h-1）年消耗量/（万Nm3·a-1）或（万t·a-1）单位产品用量比
天然气521.03583.550.42
纯水8 325.006.666.64
蒸汽902.680.720.72
), ArticleFig(id=1240651368264946094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631882166104104, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

能源消耗量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
能源消耗量/（kg·h-1）年消耗量/（万Nm3·a-1）或（万t·a-1）单位产品用量比
天然气521.03583.550.42
纯水8 325.006.666.64
蒸汽902.680.720.72
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锂辉石连续生产碳酸锂工艺的设计与模拟
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彭艳枚 , 杨万典 , 易峦 , 段晓影 , 刘奕祺 , 彭诗樱 , 张丽芬
矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025,45(1): 113-117
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矿冶工程杂志 | 冶金 2025, 45(1): 113-117
锂辉石连续生产碳酸锂工艺的设计与模拟
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彭艳枚 , 杨万典, 易峦, 段晓影, 刘奕祺, 彭诗樱, 张丽芬
作者信息
  • 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012

    • 彭艳枚（1988—），女，湖南娄底人，硕士，工程师，主要从事化工新能源工艺开发与科技管理。E-mail：

Design and Simulation of Continuous Production Process of Lithium Carbonate from Spodumene
Yanmei PENG , Wandian YANG, Luan YI, Xiaoying DUAN, Yiqi LIU, Shiying PENG, Lifen ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co, Ltd, Changsha 410012, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.021
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摘要
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研究了基于锂辉石转型焙烧和硫酸化焙烧生产碳酸锂的锂辉石连续化生产工艺。运用Aspen Plus软件对生产过程进行全流程模拟计算，优化参数为：H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比1.1、浸出液固比2.0、沉锂温度85 ℃，该参数条件下最终获得纯度（质量分数）99.55%的碳酸锂产品，锂回收率为87.7%，天然气、纯水和蒸汽等能源的消耗量分别为单位碳酸锂产品量的0.42、6.64和0.72倍。

锂辉石  /  碳酸锂  /  Aspen模拟  /  硫酸化焙烧  /  连续化生产

A process for continuous producing lithium carbonate from spodumene was presented based on the processing technique including converting natural spodumene into β-spodumene for roasting, and sulphation roasting. Aspen Plus software was adopted to simulate the whole production process, with the parameters optimized as follows: H2SO4 and Li2O in a molar ratio of 1.1, liquid-solid ratio of 2.0, and temperature for lithium precipitation at 85 ℃. Under the above conditions, lithium carbonate product can be finally produced with purity of 99.55% (in a mass fraction), presenting lithium recovery rate at 87.7%. The energy consumption of natural gas, pure water and steam is 0.42, 6.64 and 0.72 per unit of lithium carbonate product respectively.

spodumene  /  lithium carbonate  /  Aspen simulation  /  sulphation roasting  /  continuous production
彭艳枚, 杨万典, 易峦, 段晓影, 刘奕祺, 彭诗樱, 张丽芬. 锂辉石连续生产碳酸锂工艺的设计与模拟. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 113 -117 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.021
Yanmei PENG, Wandian YANG, Luan YI, Xiaoying DUAN, Yiqi LIU, Shiying PENG, Lifen ZHANG. Design and Simulation of Continuous Production Process of Lithium Carbonate from Spodumene[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (1) : 113 -117 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.021
正文
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碳酸锂是锂化合物和金属锂的基础材料，广泛应用于能源、化工、玻璃、陶瓷、医药和食品等行业[1-3]。锂辉石硫酸法生产碳酸锂是目前提锂的主要方法[4-5]。国内外研究主要集中在锂辉石间歇法生产碳酸锂工艺[6-10]，未见碳酸锂连续化生产工艺报道。本文对锂辉石连续化生产碳酸锂产品进行研究，利用Aspen Plus软件对全流程进行模拟计算，对H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比、浸出液固比和沉锂温度等参数进行优化。全流程仿真模拟优化可为锂辉石连续生产碳酸锂的工业化设计和实际操作提供技术支撑。
1　原料性质
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锂辉石有α型、β型和γ型3种晶型，自然界中锂辉石原料以α型存在，但浸出提锂需要将化学惰性α型锂辉石在1 100 ℃高温下焙烧成β型锂辉石[11-12]。β型锂辉石与硫酸混合进行酸化焙烧，然后浸出获得硫酸锂溶液，净化后进行碳化沉锂，生产碳酸锂产品。本文模拟锂辉石原料含水15%（质量分数），其他干物料组成如表1所示。
2　工艺模拟与优化
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2.1　流程设计
以锂辉石为原料连续生产碳酸锂涉及转型焙烧、酸化焙烧和碳化沉锂过程。
转型焙烧：
酸化焙烧：
碳化沉锂：
根据锂辉石原料分析，设计碳酸锂连续生产工艺流程见图1。
α型锂辉石（A-SP）进入转型焙烧窑（M101，其中原料烟气换热段M101-1、转型段M101-2），转型为β型锂辉石（B-SP）后，进入焙烧冷却窑（M102，其中空气换热冷却段M102-1、自然冷却段M102-2）；冷却后的β型锂辉石混合硫酸（H2SO4）进入酸化焙烧窑（M103，其中原料烟气换热段M103-1、酸化段M103-2），酸化后物料经冷却窑（M104）冷却后送入水浸槽（V101）；天然气（CH4）与烟气换热后空气（AIR）分别通入转型焙烧窑（M101）和酸化焙烧窑（M103），燃烧后烟气经换热后分别排出转型焙烧尾气（WG-1）和酸化焙烧尾气（WG-2）；水浸槽（V101）加入纯水（H2O-1）浸出硫酸锂，通过水浸槽泵（P101）加压将硫酸锂溶液（Li2SO4）送至净化沉锂工段。
调节槽（V201）中加入碳酸钙（CaCO3）调节pH值并进行净化，经调节槽泵（P201）送至调节压滤机（M201）过滤得到滤渣1（WS-1），溶液则用调节压滤机泵（P202）送至净化槽（V202）；净化槽（V202）中加入氧化钙（CaO）进行深度净化，经净化槽泵（P203）送至净化压滤机（M202）过滤得到滤渣2（WS-2），溶液则用净化压滤机泵（P204）送至沉锂槽（V203）；沉锂槽（V203）中加入碳酸钠（Na2CO3）进行碳化沉锂，经沉锂槽泵（P205）送至沉锂离心机（M203）过滤得到碳酸锂溶液，汽相经过沉锂冷凝器（E201）回收冷凝水（WW-1）和排出尾气（WG-4）；将碳酸锂和纯水（H2O-2）送进水洗槽（V204），沉锂液（WW-2）则送去蒸发浓缩系统回收锂，碳酸锂溶液送至水洗离心机（M204），水洗槽（V204）汽相以尾气（WG-5）排出；水洗离心机（M204）过滤得到碳酸锂产品，卸料至真空干燥机（M205），水洗液（WW-3）同样送去蒸发浓缩系统回收锂，真空干燥机（M205）排出水汽（WG-6）后得到碳酸锂产品（Li2CO3）。
2.2　流程模拟
生产工艺中涉及固体、水溶液和盐的溶解及沉淀，选用ELECNRTL方法模拟计算物料和热量平衡。转型焙烧窑和酸化焙烧窑为高温操作，其余设备操作温度不高，操作压力均低于微正压。
2.2.1　模拟计算
为了优化工艺参数，运用Aspen Plus软件模拟仿真碳酸锂连续化生产工艺。转型焙烧窑和酸化焙烧窑运用HeatX和RStoic组合建模，调节槽、净化槽和沉锂槽利用RStoic建模计算，除流程设计所述流股外，其他物料流股按顺序编号。以1万t/a碳酸锂产品计，选取连续化生产工艺中的主要参数H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比、浸出液固比和沉锂温度进行优化。
2.2.2　H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比的影响
硫酸化焙烧是提锂的重要环节，关系到锂的浸出率和后续净化沉锂工艺设计。适宜的硫酸用量在保证锂转化为Li2SO4的同时，也能保证Li2SO4溶液中Li+浓度。在硫酸化焙烧温度300 ℃、焙烧物料处理量10 928 kg/h条件下，考察了H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比对Li2SO4溶液中Li+、Na+、Fe3+和Al3+质量浓度的影响，结果如图2所示。
由图2可知，随着H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比增加，Li+、Na+、Fe3+和Al3+质量浓度变化趋势相同。理论计算结果表明，H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比为1.0时，Li+、Na+、Fe3+和Al3+质量浓度分别为25.5、0.24、0.019 8和0.140 g/L。之后随着H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比增加，H2SO4过量后反而使金属离子质量浓度降低。实际生产中，考虑到物料对H2SO4的稀释作用，H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比选用1.1，此时H2SO4流量为2 116 kg/h。
2.2.3　浸出液固比的影响
在水浸槽加入纯水，使得硫酸化焙烧后的硫酸盐溶解在水中，得到硫酸锂溶液。浸出液固比影响硫酸锂溶液中Li+浓度和沉锂时的能耗。在硫酸化焙烧后物料量12 639 kg/h（4.06 m3/h）、无外界加热情况下进行计算，考察了不同浸出液固比（质量比）条件下硫酸锂溶液中Li+质量浓度和沉锂槽热负荷的变化，结果如图3所示。
从图3可见，浸出液固比对硫酸锂溶液中Li+质量浓度和沉锂槽热负荷影响较大，浸出液固比从1.5增加到4.0，硫酸锂溶液中Li+质量浓度从31.3 g/L下降到14.2 g/L，沉锂槽热负荷从448.13 kW增加到915.02 kW，硫酸锂溶液中Li+质量浓度与浸出液固比呈负相关，沉锂槽热负荷则与浸出液固比呈正相关。这主要是浸出液固比越大，稀释作用越强，Li+质量浓度逐渐下降。Li+质量浓度25～30 g/L更有利于碳化沉锂[8]，但实际生产中考虑到浆化和搅拌，不宜采用过低的浸出液固比。综合考虑，选取浸出液固比2.0，即添加纯水量8 120 kg/h。
2.2.4　沉锂温度的影响
随着温度从20 ℃上升至80 ℃，碳酸锂溶解度从1.33 g/100 g下降到0.85 g/100 g，硫酸钠溶解度从19.4 g/100 g增加到43.7 g/100 g[13]。在同离子和盐效应协同影响下，碳酸锂在Na2CO3-H2O体系中溶解度随着碳酸钠浓度增加先升高后降低[14]。可见，提高沉锂温度有利于碳化沉锂，但过高的温度会加剧溶液汽化，导致沉锂槽热负荷快速增加。考察了沉锂温度对碳酸锂流量和沉锂槽热负荷的影响并计算了二者的比值，结果如图4所示。
由图4可见，沉锂温度从70 ℃增加到95 ℃，沉锂槽热负荷从296.86 kW增加到723.59 kW，碳酸锂流量从1 239 kg/h增加到1 262 kg/h，二者比值从0.24 kWh/kg增加到0.57 kWh/kg。实际操作中考虑到温度不超过90 ℃时单位产品能耗不太高，确定沉锂温度为85 ℃。
2.3　流程模拟结果
依据上述分析，将优化数据H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比1.1、浸出液固比2.0和沉锂温度85 ℃代入模型计算，主要工艺设备操作参数见表2，主要物料流股参数见表3，其中压力值为压力表指示的压力，成分含量是单位为1的质量分数。
计算结果表明，锂辉石连续化生产碳酸锂的工艺可获得质量合格的碳酸锂（物流Li2CO3）产品。真空干燥机干燥后可获得流量1 254.00 kg/h、纯度99.55%的碳酸锂产品，锂单程回收率为87.7%。在此基础上计算天然气、纯水和蒸汽等能源消耗量，年操作时间按8 000 h计，结果见表4。
锂辉石连续化生产碳酸锂的工艺天然气、纯水和蒸气等能源消耗量均低于现有技术能耗指标[15]。可在此基础上进行中试工艺及装备研究。
本文利用Aspen模拟计算可以仿真模拟全流程工艺，实时调优分析工艺生产过程，节省试验成本，并为工业化设计和实际操作提供依据。
3　结论
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1）依据锂辉石物料的特性，基于锂辉石转型焙烧和硫酸化焙烧生产碳酸锂技术，研究分析了锂辉石连续化生产碳酸锂的工艺。
2）运用Aspen Plus软件对生产过程进行全流程模拟计算，优化结果为：H2SO4/Li2O物质的量比1.1，浸出液固比2.0，沉锂温度85 ℃。该条件下获得了纯度（质量分数）99.55%的碳酸锂产品，锂回收率为87.7%，天然气、纯水和蒸汽等能源的消耗量分别为单位碳酸锂产品量的0.42、6.64、0.72倍。
3）全流程模拟仿真生产过程，为锂辉石连续生产碳酸锂的工业化设计和实际操作提供参数。连续化生产工艺碳酸锂产品质量稳定、自动化水平高、投资少能耗低，是未来碳酸锂生产技术发展方向。
基金
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  • 中国五矿集团有限公司-科技专项计划“揭榜挂帅”项目（2022—2023年度）
文献
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.021
  • 接收时间：2024-09-16
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-02-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-16
基金
中国五矿集团有限公司-科技专项计划“揭榜挂帅”项目（2022—2023年度）
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    长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司，湖南　长沙　410012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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