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Article(id=1240631881696343037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722441600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719290422, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1738339200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719290422, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719290422, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719290422, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631872800215183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='187', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719288300, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724138257, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=148, endPage=152, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631881952194578, articleId=1240631881696343037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded TiOxNy Coating on TC4 Titanium Alloy Surface, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, a cladded coating of TiO2 and TiN was prepared on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding, and the microhardness, wear resistance, microstructure and element distribution of the coating were explored. Compared to the substrate, the surface hardness and wear resistance of the coating are significantly improved. It is shown that with TiO2 and TiN powder in a mass ratio of 1∶9, the hardness and specific wear rate of the coating can reach 1 936.1HV0.1 and 2.06×10-14 mm3/(N·m), respectively, which are 5.4 times and 3.26 times those of the substrate. The main components of the coating include α-Ti, TiN, and TiN0.6O0.4, which is the reason for the significant increase in hardness and wear resistance of the TiO2-TiN cladded coating. The research results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for improving the hardness and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding technology.

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为了提升Ti-6Al-4V合金表面硬度与耐磨性，采用激光熔覆在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了TiO2和TiN混合熔覆层，研究了熔覆层的微硬度、耐磨损性能、微观结构及元素分布。结果表明：与基体相比，熔覆层表面硬度和耐磨性显著提升，TiO2和TiN粉末质量比为1∶9且双层熔覆时，硬度和比磨损率可达1 936.1HV0.1和2.06×10-14 mm3/（N·m），分别为基体的5.4倍和3.26倍；熔覆层的主要成分为α-Ti、TiN、TiN0.6O0.4，这是TiO2-TiN混合熔覆层硬度和耐磨性显著提升的原因。研究结果为利用激光熔覆技术提高Ti-6Al-4V合金表面的硬度与耐磨性提供了理论和实验依据。

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汪冰峰（1978—），男，湖南岳阳人，博士，教授，主要从事材料动态行为研究工作。E-mail：
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汪子琪（1998—），女，湖南永州人，硕士研究生，研究方向为钛合金激光熔覆。E-mail：

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汪子琪（1998—），女，湖南永州人，硕士研究生，研究方向为钛合金激光熔覆。E-mail：

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汪子琪（1998—），女，湖南永州人，硕士研究生，研究方向为钛合金激光熔覆。E-mail：

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orderNo=4, keyword=微观组织), Keyword(id=1240651347536704429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=耐磨性), Keyword(id=1240651347637367741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=熔覆层)], refs=[Reference(id=1240651350925701415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=143, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=黄均毅, 杨扬, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄均毅, 杨扬. 选区电子束熔炼Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的绝热剪切各向异性[J]. 矿冶工程, 2022, 42(5): 143-147., articleTitle=选区电子束熔炼Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的绝热剪切各向异性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651351034753331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, 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Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2021, 64(19): 71-79., articleTitle=Effects of TiN content on microstructures and properties of Ti0.8CoCrFeNiAl0.5 high entropy alloy composite coating, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651350674043142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, awardId=52020105013, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(52020105013), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651344449696403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651344462279316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, companyId=1240651344449696403, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651344470667926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, companyId=1240651344449696403, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651344600691360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651344609079970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, companyId=1240651344600691360, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651344617468580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, companyId=1240651344600691360, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中南大学　粉末冶金研究院，湖南　长沙　410083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651348081964008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Vickers hardness of cladded coating surface, figureFileSmall=/6/ciNK2n20fgLJ+WUcp2A==, figureFileBig=Pb6qyZH2rZidPe8UNoVh6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651348195210235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=CN, label=图1, caption=熔覆层表面的维氏硬度, figureFileSmall=/6/ciNK2n20fgLJ+WUcp2A==, figureFileBig=Pb6qyZH2rZidPe8UNoVh6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651348404924438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Wear values of TC4 substrate and cladded coating, figureFileSmall=9Z5cHD8G45FmglVdOBBD+A==, figureFileBig=P1XMdpwBBdvFZ/siaQPoNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651348543336483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=CN, label=图2, caption=TC4基体与熔覆层的磨损数据

（a）摩擦因数；（b）平均摩擦因数；（c）磨损量；（d）比磨损率

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（a）基体；（b）1-2试样；（c）6-1试样；（d）6-2试样

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（a）1-2试样熔覆层截面；（b）1-2试样熔覆层与基体界面；（c）6-1试样熔覆层截面；（d）6-1试样熔覆层与基体界面；（e）6-2试样熔覆层截面；（f）6-2试样熔覆层与基体界面

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（a）1-2试样熔覆层；（b）点扫位置1；（c）6-2试样熔覆层；（d）点扫位置2

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Chemical composition of TC4 titanium alloy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CNFeVAlTi
0.080.050.304.506.50余量
), ArticleFig(id=1240651350053286076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

TC4钛合金化学成分（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CNFeVAlTi
0.080.050.304.506.50余量
), ArticleFig(id=1240651350153949382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Cladding times and cladding powder proportion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号熔覆次数粉末配比（mTiO2∶mTiN）
1-1110∶0
2-119∶1
3-117∶3
4-115∶5
5-113∶7
6-111∶9
7-110∶10
1-2210∶0
2-229∶1
3-227∶3
4-225∶5
5-223∶7
6-221∶9
7-220∶10
), ArticleFig(id=1240651350258806989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试样熔覆次数及粉末配比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样编号熔覆次数粉末配比（mTiO2∶mTiN）
1-1110∶0
2-119∶1
3-117∶3
4-115∶5
5-113∶7
6-111∶9
7-110∶10
1-2210∶0
2-229∶1
3-227∶3
4-225∶5
5-223∶7
6-221∶9
7-220∶10
), ArticleFig(id=1240651350351081687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Elemental analysis with electron probe for dendritic microstructure of cladded coatings of 1-2 and 6-2 samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扫描点TiONAlV
173.4920.78—0.481.12
256.3713.4429.490.180.51
), ArticleFig(id=1240651350472716521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631881696343037, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1-2和6-2试样熔覆层枝晶电子探针元素分析结果（原子分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扫描点TiONAlV
173.4920.78—0.481.12
256.3713.4429.490.180.51
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TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆TiOxNy熔覆层的微观组织与耐磨性能研究
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汪子琪 1 , 刘岚逸 2 , 汪冰峰 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(1): 148-152
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(1): 148-152
TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆TiOxNy熔覆层的微观组织与耐磨性能研究
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汪子琪1 , 刘岚逸2, 汪冰峰1
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
  • 2.中南大学　粉末冶金研究院，湖南　长沙　410083

    • 汪子琪（1998—），女，湖南永州人，硕士研究生，研究方向为钛合金激光熔覆。E-mail：

通讯作者:

汪冰峰（1978—），男，湖南岳阳人，博士，教授，主要从事材料动态行为研究工作。E-mail：
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded TiOxNy Coating on TC4 Titanium Alloy Surface
Ziqi WANG1 , Lanyi LIU2, Bingfeng WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • 2.Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.028
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摘要
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为了提升Ti-6Al-4V合金表面硬度与耐磨性，采用激光熔覆在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了TiO2和TiN混合熔覆层，研究了熔覆层的微硬度、耐磨损性能、微观结构及元素分布。结果表明：与基体相比，熔覆层表面硬度和耐磨性显著提升，TiO2和TiN粉末质量比为1∶9且双层熔覆时，硬度和比磨损率可达1 936.1HV0.1和2.06×10-14 mm3/（N·m），分别为基体的5.4倍和3.26倍；熔覆层的主要成分为α-Ti、TiN、TiN0.6O0.4，这是TiO2-TiN混合熔覆层硬度和耐磨性显著提升的原因。研究结果为利用激光熔覆技术提高Ti-6Al-4V合金表面的硬度与耐磨性提供了理论和实验依据。

表面处理  /  激光熔覆  /  TC4钛合金  /  微观组织  /  耐磨性  /  熔覆层

In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, a cladded coating of TiO2 and TiN was prepared on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding, and the microhardness, wear resistance, microstructure and element distribution of the coating were explored. Compared to the substrate, the surface hardness and wear resistance of the coating are significantly improved. It is shown that with TiO2 and TiN powder in a mass ratio of 1∶9, the hardness and specific wear rate of the coating can reach 1 936.1HV0.1 and 2.06×10-14 mm3/(N·m), respectively, which are 5.4 times and 3.26 times those of the substrate. The main components of the coating include α-Ti, TiN, and TiN0.6O0.4, which is the reason for the significant increase in hardness and wear resistance of the TiO2-TiN cladded coating. The research results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for improving the hardness and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding technology.

surface treatment  /  laser cladding  /  TC4 titanium alloy  /  microstructure  /  wear resistance  /  cladded coating
汪子琪, 刘岚逸, 汪冰峰. TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆TiOxNy熔覆层的微观组织与耐磨性能研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 148 -152 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.028
Ziqi WANG, Lanyi LIU, Bingfeng WANG. Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded TiOxNy Coating on TC4 Titanium Alloy Surface[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (1) : 148 -152 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.028
正文
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Ti-6Al-4V钛合金（TC4）是一种稳定的（α+β）双相钛合金，具有密度低、比强度高、耐腐蚀性好、生物相容性独特等优点[1-2]。但是，TC4钛合金表面硬度与耐磨性较差，限制了其实际应用[3-5]。TiN和TiO2涂层因具有高硬度和优异的耐磨损性能，受到国内外诸多学者的关注[6-8]。激光熔覆技术作为一种常用的表面改性技术，具有能量高、成形和冷却速度快、熔覆层粉末选择广泛等特点，制备的熔覆层和基体具有较强的冶金结合，不易剥落[9-11]。本文采用激光熔覆同轴送粉的方式在TC4合金表面制备TiO2和TiN混合熔覆层，对TiO2-TiN混合熔覆层的显微硬度、耐磨损性能、微观结构及元素分布进行研究，探讨熔覆层微观结构形成机理，以期为TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆提供理论和实验依据。
1　实验材料与方法
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实验所用基体材料为TC4钛合金，其化学成分如表1所示。基体试样尺寸为50 mm×5 mm×4 mm，熔覆材料选用纯度高于99.9%的TiO2粉末及TiN粉末（平均直径均为100～130 μm），各试样的熔覆次数及粉末配比见表2。熔覆前用砂纸打磨试样表面，去除氧化层和表面油渍；熔覆用粉末置于120 ℃真空干燥箱中干燥6 h，去除水分。
使用HL-6000-QG2/2光纤激光系统在TC4钛合金基材上进行激光熔覆，工艺参数为：激光功率800 W、扫描速度10 mm/s、光斑直径3 mm、送粉速率0.5 r/min、送粉气流速度7 L/min。熔覆后试样沿横截面进行切割，对切割后的试样进行打磨、抛光，使用Kroll溶液进行腐蚀，腐蚀时间为15 s。熔覆层微观组织及元素分布使用工作电压为20 kV的TESCAN扫描电子显微镜、工作电压为10 kV的JXA-8230电子探针显微分析仪及工作电压为40 kV的X射线衍射仪进行分析。使用HMV-2T显微硬度计进行硬度测试，载荷为100g，加载时间为15 s，同一位置进行3次测量取平均值。使用圆周方式运动摩擦磨损试验机对熔覆层与基体进行耐磨性能测试，摩擦副为TC4圆盘，正向载荷为5 N，线性速度为100 cm/s，数据采集速率为1.0 Hz，磨损总距离为1 000 m。
2　实验结果及讨论
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2.1　维氏硬度
图1为各试样熔覆层表面维氏硬度。编号1-1、1-2、2-1、2-2、3-1、3-2、4-1、4-2、5-1、5-2、6-1、6-2、7-1、7-2的试样熔覆层表面维氏硬度（HV0.1）分别为1 171.6、1 212.9、1 216.7、1 291、1 484.9、1 767.5、1 514.6、1 786.8、1 546.5、1 861.3、1 655.6、1 936.1、944.1、1 181.4。TC4基体的维氏硬度为358.3HV0.1，与基体相比，熔覆层表面硬度显著提升。熔覆次数一定时，熔覆层表面维氏硬度总体随TiN组分增加而增加。熔覆次数分别为1、2次时，熔覆层表面硬度最高的试样分别为6-1、6-2。所有试样中，熔覆次数为2的试样熔覆层表面硬度均高于熔覆次数为1的试样。其中，6-2试样硬度最高，达1936.1HV0.1，是基体和TiO2熔覆层硬度的5.4倍和1.60倍。
2.2　耐磨性
在熔覆次数为1、2的混合熔覆层中分别选取硬度性能最好的试样6-1和6-2及TiO2熔覆层试样1-2与基体进行摩擦磨损试验，对磨损情况进行测量计算，得到相关磨损数据，见图2。随着摩擦距离增加，基体和1-2试样摩擦因数先急剧下降，然后逐渐增加并趋于稳定，而6-1、6-2试样的摩擦因数先急剧增加，最后趋于稳定。6-1和6-2试样的平均摩擦因数均高于基体和1-2试样。基体摩擦磨损后的质量损失最多，6-2试样的质量损失最少；熔覆次数为1的试样表面耐磨效果不如熔覆次数为2的试样。基体的比磨损率最高，6-2试样的比磨损率最低。相较于基体，熔覆层耐磨性整体有所提高，其中6-2试样表现出最佳的耐磨性，耐磨性能约为基体的3.26倍，这与其较高的硬度有关。
图3为TC4基体与1-2、6-1、6-2试样熔覆层磨损表面的二次电子形貌图像。可见，基体磨损后，平行于滑动方向的摩擦面上出现大量划痕、凹坑及磨屑，整体表现为严重的粘着磨损与磨粒磨损。1-2试样表面凹凸不平，有较多磨屑，出现了大面积的剥落坑，直径约为100 μm。6-1试样表面出现少量磨屑，剥落坑直径约为50 μm，而6-2试样的摩擦表面较光滑，与基体和1-2试样相比，划痕显著减少，有轻微的剥落坑，直径约为15 μm，远小于1-2试样，剥落坑越小，说明耐磨性越好。
综合磨损数据和磨损表面形貌，TiO2-TiN混合熔覆层的耐磨性比TiO2熔覆层和TC4基体好，且熔覆次数为2时，TiO2-TiN混合熔覆层的耐磨性更好。
2.3　熔覆层形貌
图4为1-2、6-1和6-2试样熔覆层横截面及边界处的微观结构。1-2试样熔覆层厚度约531 μm，存在较多孔隙和裂纹。6-1试样熔覆层厚度约511 μm，熔覆层中间存在较多微裂纹等缺陷。6-2试样熔覆层厚度约704 μm，总体质量良好，组织结构紧密，晶粒尺寸从几微米至几十微米不等，枝晶偏聚于一侧，因为激光熔覆时，熔体中对流流动导致形成的晶粒没有分散均匀，从而出现聚集现象。由图4（b）、（d）和（f）可以看出，熔覆层与基体冶金结合良好，无缝隙或明显的缺陷。
对比图4（c）和（e）可知，6-1试样（熔覆1次）熔覆层存在较多裂纹、孔洞等缺陷，总体质量较差，而6-2试样（熔覆2次）熔覆层中基本无裂纹、孔洞及破碎组织，总体质量较好，且枝晶更细，枝晶间隙更小，晶粒细化程度更高。因此，6-2试样耐磨性比6-1试样好。
2.4　物相分析
图5为1-2和6-2试样电子探针扫描形貌，其中点扫位置对应的电子探针元素分析结果见表3。由表3可知，1-2试样熔覆层枝晶中含有大量Ti元素，O元素原子分数达20.78%，还有少量的Al和V元素，推测枝晶主要成分为TiOx；6-2试样熔覆层枝晶中N元素和O元素原子分数分别为29.49%和13.44%，同时富集大量的Ti和微量的Al和V，推测枝晶主要成分为TiOxNy（0≤x≤1，0≤y≤2）。
图6为TC4基体、1-2和6-2试样熔覆层横截面的XRD衍射分析结果。TC4基体横截面只检测到α-Ti，而1-2试样熔覆层横截面上主要相为α-Ti、Ti6O、锐钛矿型TiO2和金红石型TiO2，6-2试样熔覆层横截面上主要相为α-Ti、TiN、TiN0.6O0.4。
激光熔覆过程中，激光束照射到基体表面，基体从室温25 ℃开始升温，当温度升到1 662、1 840、2 950 ℃附近时，基体、TiO2和TiN粉末开始熔化，熔池升到最高温度后开始降温，熔池逐渐凝固。熔化过程中，温度梯度和元素浓度差以及对流流动使熔池内元素扩散，基体中的Ti、Al和V元素扩散到熔覆层中，熔池内金属流体受马兰戈尼效应驱动，在对流作用下，熔池向两侧和底部流动后再回到涂层顶部，熔池对流循环。TiN0.6O0.4的形成与在空气中进行激光表面处理有关。TiO2和TiN作为原始材料，TiO2的氮化和TiN的氧化同时发生，来自基体的Ti混入熔体并稀释TiO2形成TiOx[12]。同时，N2在熔体表面（气液界面）被吸收，然后向内转移，来自TiN的氮与少量来自大气的氮（N2）与熔体反应，导致TiOx的氮化。此外，熔体中的对流流动有效促进了TiOx的氮化，最终形成TiN0.6O0.4。
熔覆时，TC4基体内形成了N、O的固溶体，溶质原子N、O作为α相稳定元素，与位错之间相互作用，O、N元素占据了基体的空位和间隙，固溶于TC4钛合金基体中造成一定程度的晶格畸变，晶格畸变增大了位错阻力，钉扎位错，使滑移难以进行，从而提升表面硬度，而表面高硬度可有效改善耐磨性能。
由图1和图2可知，粉末配比为mTiO2∶mTiN=1∶9时，混合熔覆层的硬度及耐磨性更好。相关研究表明，纯TiO2粉末在TC4钛合金基体表面熔覆后冶金结合较差，熔覆层容易从基体剥离[13]。而纯TiN粉末熔覆后，熔覆层的硬度降低。因为TiN粉末本身硬度较高，提高其添加量能够有效增强熔覆层的硬度，但超过某一临界值时，熔覆层塑韧性降低，综合力学性能较差[14]。TiO2和TiN粉末混合熔覆时，形成的产物TiN0.6O0.4在熔覆层中起着黏合剂的作用，防止熔覆层开裂。因此，TiN0.6O0.4的形成，弥补了纯TiO2粉末和纯TiN粉末熔覆的不足，使熔覆层综合性能更好。
3　结论
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1）与基体相比，熔覆层表面硬度和耐磨性显著提升，TiO2和TiN粉末质量比为1∶9时熔覆层表面硬度和耐磨性更好，硬度可达1 936.1HV0.1，比磨损率可达2.06×10-14 mm3/（N·m），分别为TC4钛合金基体的5.4倍和3.26倍。
2）混合熔覆层组织结构紧密，与基体冶金结合较好。
3）混合熔覆层的主要成分为α-Ti、TiN、TiN0.6O0.4，TiN0.6O0.4的形成弥补了纯TiO2粉末和纯TiN粉末熔覆的不足，使熔覆层综合性能更好。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(52020105013)
文献
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.028
  • 接收时间：2024-08-01
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-02-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-01
基金
国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(52020105013)
作者信息
    1.中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083
    2.中南大学　粉末冶金研究院，湖南　长沙　410083

通讯作者:

汪冰峰（1978—），男，湖南岳阳人，博士，教授，主要从事材料动态行为研究工作。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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