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Article(id=1240631879133623210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.027, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724256000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719289810, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1738339200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719289810, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719289810, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719289810, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631872800215183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='187', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719288300, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724138257, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=143, endPage=147, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631879385281464, articleId=1240631879133623210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Effect of Yb Content on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of ZL101 Alloy, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

ZL101 alloy was modified by using mechanical stir casting process with an addition of rare-earth Yb at the mass fraction of 0-0.9%, for investigating the effect of Yb content on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of ZL101 alloy. The results show that with the addition of rare-earth Yb at a mass fraction of 0.6%, ZL101 alloy has its α-Al phase changed from coarse dendritic structure without modification to spheroidal dendrite with fine size, regular shape and regular arrangement, also the eutectic Si phase changed from the coarse long strip and needle sheet to the granular and short rod. It is shown that Yb reacts with Al substrate to form Al3Yb rare-earth phase with long strip structure. With the addition of Yb at 0.6%, ZL101 alloy has its corrosion rate at 13.25 mg/(cm2·d), 37.23% lower than that before the addition of Yb. It can be seen from the corrosion surface observation that increasing Yb content leads to gradual decrease in the number of corrosion products and pits on the corrosion surface of the alloy.

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在机械搅拌铸造工艺下加入质量分数0～0.9%的稀土Yb对ZL101合金进行变质处理，研究Yb加入量对ZL101合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，Yb质量分数0.6%时，ZL101合金α-Al相由未变质处理的粗大树枝晶状结构转变成尺寸细小、形态规则的球状枝晶，且合金共晶Si相由粗大的长条状和针片状转变成颗粒状和短棒状。Yb与Al基体反应生成Al3Yb稀土相，呈现长条状结构。添加0.6%Yb的ZL101合金腐蚀速率为13.25 mg/（cm2·d），比未添加Yb的合金腐蚀速率降低了37.23%。观察腐蚀表面形貌可知，随着Yb加入量增多，合金腐蚀表面腐蚀产物及腐蚀凹坑数量逐渐减少。

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樊巧芳（1981—），女，山西运城人，硕士，副教授，研究方向为金属材料性能、表面改性及焊接技术应用。E-mail：

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樊巧芳（1981—），女，山西运城人，硕士，副教授，研究方向为金属材料性能、表面改性及焊接技术应用。E-mail：

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樊巧芳（1981—），女，山西运城人，硕士，副教授，研究方向为金属材料性能、表面改性及焊接技术应用。E-mail：

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（a）不添加；（b）0.3%Yb；（c）0.6%Yb；（d）0.9%Yb

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（a）不添加；（b）0.3%Yb；（c）0.6%Yb；（d）0.9%Yb；（e）点A的EDS能谱；（f）点B的EDS能谱

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（a）不添加；（b）0.3%Yb；（c）0.6%Yb；（d）0.9%Yb

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Chemical composition of tested alloys

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合金编号SiMgCuZnFeMnYbAl
17.20.310.20.250.700.260　余量
27.40.250.190.270.680.280.31余量
37.50.300.20.300.670.310.58余量
47.10.280.20.280.710.260.88余量
), ArticleFig(id=1240651351001190563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631879133623210, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验合金化学成分（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
合金编号SiMgCuZnFeMnYbAl
17.20.310.20.250.700.260　余量
27.40.250.190.270.680.280.31余量
37.50.300.20.300.670.310.58余量
47.10.280.20.280.710.260.88余量
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Yb含量对ZL101合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响
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樊巧芳 1 , 林浩 2
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(1): 143-147
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(1): 143-147
Yb含量对ZL101合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响
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樊巧芳1 , 林浩2
作者信息
  • 1.江苏安全技术职业学院，江苏　徐州　221011
  • 2.中国科学院金属研究所，辽宁　沈阳　110000

    • 樊巧芳（1981—），女，山西运城人，硕士，副教授，研究方向为金属材料性能、表面改性及焊接技术应用。E-mail：

Effect of Yb Content on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of ZL101 Alloy
Qiaofang FAN1 , Hao LIN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangsu College of Safety Technology, Xuzhou 221011, Jiangsu, China
  • 2.Institute of Metals Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
出版时间: 2025-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.027
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摘要
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在机械搅拌铸造工艺下加入质量分数0～0.9%的稀土Yb对ZL101合金进行变质处理，研究Yb加入量对ZL101合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，Yb质量分数0.6%时，ZL101合金α-Al相由未变质处理的粗大树枝晶状结构转变成尺寸细小、形态规则的球状枝晶，且合金共晶Si相由粗大的长条状和针片状转变成颗粒状和短棒状。Yb与Al基体反应生成Al3Yb稀土相，呈现长条状结构。添加0.6%Yb的ZL101合金腐蚀速率为13.25 mg/（cm2·d），比未添加Yb的合金腐蚀速率降低了37.23%。观察腐蚀表面形貌可知，随着Yb加入量增多，合金腐蚀表面腐蚀产物及腐蚀凹坑数量逐渐减少。

变质处理  /  稀土  /  镱（Yb）  /  掺杂  /  ZL101合金  /  微观组织  /  腐蚀性能

ZL101 alloy was modified by using mechanical stir casting process with an addition of rare-earth Yb at the mass fraction of 0-0.9%, for investigating the effect of Yb content on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of ZL101 alloy. The results show that with the addition of rare-earth Yb at a mass fraction of 0.6%, ZL101 alloy has its α-Al phase changed from coarse dendritic structure without modification to spheroidal dendrite with fine size, regular shape and regular arrangement, also the eutectic Si phase changed from the coarse long strip and needle sheet to the granular and short rod. It is shown that Yb reacts with Al substrate to form Al3Yb rare-earth phase with long strip structure. With the addition of Yb at 0.6%, ZL101 alloy has its corrosion rate at 13.25 mg/(cm2·d), 37.23% lower than that before the addition of Yb. It can be seen from the corrosion surface observation that increasing Yb content leads to gradual decrease in the number of corrosion products and pits on the corrosion surface of the alloy.

modification  /  rare earth  /  Yb  /  addition  /  ZL101 alloy  /  microstructure  /  corrosion performance
樊巧芳, 林浩. Yb含量对ZL101合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 143 -147 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.027
Qiaofang FAN, Hao LIN. Effect of Yb Content on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of ZL101 Alloy[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (1) : 143 -147 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.027
正文
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铝合金具有比强度高、比刚度高、质量轻、易加工、可焊性好等优点，在汽车零部件、航空航天、高铁动车等领域得到广泛应用[1-2]。ZL101铝合金属于Al-Si系列铝合金，该系列铝合金具有良好的铸造性能和较高的气密性[3]。但如果合金化学成分和铸造条件控制不当，极易导致铸件表面耐腐蚀性能降低[4]。有科研人员通过添加稀土改善铝合金的微观结构，并提高其耐腐蚀性能[5-8]。尽管国内外已有较多关于稀土变质改性处理铝合金的研究，但有关稀土Yb改性处理ZL101合金提高其耐腐蚀性能的研究缺乏详尽报道。本文制备了不同稀土Yb含量的ZL101合金，在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行浸泡腐蚀，探究Yb含量对ZL101合金耐腐蚀性能的影响，旨在扩大Al-Si合金在工业中的应用领域。
1　试验材料与方法
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1.1　试样制备
将商用ZL101合金及Al-10Yb中间合金放入180 ℃烘箱内去除表面水分；启动熔炼炉升温至780 ℃，将装有ZL101合金的坩埚放入熔炼炉保温30 min使合金充分熔化，再将Al-10Yb中间合金加入熔体中，以搅拌速率200 r/min搅拌10 min，待Al-10Yb中间合金全部加完后，将熔体降温至720 ℃并静置10 min，立即浇铸至180 ℃钢制模具内，制备得到ZL101-xYb铸态合金（x=0，0.3%，0.6%和0.9%，质量分数）。
利用Plasma 2000型电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测试实验合金化学成分，结果如表1所示。由表1可知，实际测定成分与设计成分基本一致。
1.2　试样腐蚀性能测试
采用线切割法从铸件上截取15 mm×15 mm×2 mm的长方体试样，将试样放入烧杯并加入质量分数3.5%的NaCl溶液，将烧杯置于20 ℃恒温水浴锅内，浸泡测试15 d。利用精度0.1 mg的分析天平称量浸泡测试前、后试样的质量，通过质量差值计算试样的腐蚀速率[9]：
式中：V为试样腐蚀速率；m1、m0分别为浸泡腐蚀前、后试样的质量，mg；S为试样与3.5%NaCl腐蚀溶液的接触面积，cm2；t为浸泡腐蚀时间，d。
利用PARSTAT 4000电化学工作站对试样进行电化学分析，介质为3.5%NaCl溶液，溶液温度20 ℃，扫描速率0.5 mV/s，扫描范围-0.25～0.25 V。
1.3　试样的组织及性能测试
对合金试样进行镶嵌、打磨和抛光，用0.5%HF刻蚀合金试样表面8～10 s。采用Nikon Eclipse MA200型光学显微镜（OM）拍摄合金金相组织、FEI Quanta 200F型扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及JSM-6701F型能谱分析仪（EDS）分析合金微观组织及腐蚀表面形貌。采用多功能X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析ZL101铝合金物相组成。通过Image-Pro Plus图像模拟软件定量分析试样金相组织中初生α-Al相二次枝晶臂间距、共晶Si相平均面积和长径比。
2　实验结果与分析
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2.1　合金物相分析
图1为不同Yb加入量ZL101合金的XRD图谱。由图1可知，ZL101合金主要由α-Al基体及共晶Si相组成。添加0.3%Yb时，合金组织内仍然由α-Al基体及共晶Si相组成，未出现其他第二相组织的衍射峰；添加0.6%Yb及0.9%Yb后，ZL101合金中除了α-Al基体及共晶Si相，还出现了Al3Yb第二相衍射峰，这应该是Yb与Al发生共晶反应，在合金组织内生成了富含Yb的稀土相。
2.2　合金显微组织分析
图2为不同Yb加入量ZL101合金显微组织。由图2可知：ZL101合金组织主要由大面积白色区域的α-Al相、深灰色的共晶Si相及浅灰色的Fe相构成，其中α-Al相晶粒轮廓不清晰且分布不规则，共晶Si相分布不均匀，呈现长条状或针片状，尖端锋利的共晶Si相会割裂合金基体并降低合金强度及塑性，Fe相呈现粗大板块状或长条状，且分布杂乱无章；添加0.3%Yb后，ZL101合金组织形貌得到一定改善，大量共晶Si相及Fe相沿着粗大的α-Al相枝晶边界聚集分布，并且Si相和Fe相得到了一定程度细化，形状尺寸明显减小；添加0.6%Yb时，ZL101合金组织形貌发生很大变化，α-Al相轮廓清晰，晶界明显，呈现圆球形且圆整度较高，分布较均匀，共晶Si相转变为细颗粒状或短棒状，表面光滑且分布较为均匀，Fe相形貌也有所细化，呈现条状结构，合金变质效果较好；添加0.9% Yb时，ZL101合金微观组织开始出现粗化，α-Al相开始向尺寸粗大且分布无规则的树枝晶形态转变，Si相微观形貌没有太大变化，Fe相尺寸形态逐渐变大，Yb对合金的细化效果正在减弱。
图3为不同Yb加入量ZL101合金初生α-Al相二次枝晶臂间距。随着Yb加入量增加，ZL101合金初生α-Al相二次枝晶臂间距呈现先逐渐减小再增大的变化趋势。不添加Yb的ZL101合金α-Al相二次枝晶臂间距为38.17 μm；添加0.6%Yb后ZL101合金α-Al相二次枝晶臂间距缩小至24.77 μm，比不添加Yb的合金降低了35.11%；Yb加入量增加至0.9%时，ZL101合金初生α-Al相二次枝晶臂间距有所增大，为30.11 μm。
图4为Yb加入量对ZL101合金共晶Si相平均面积及长径比的影响。随着Yb加入量逐渐增大，合金中共晶Si相平均面积及长径比均逐渐减小然后再增大。不含Yb的ZL101合金中共晶Si相平均面积及长径比分别为121 μm和6.7；添加0.6%Yb的ZL101合金Si相平均面积及长径比分别缩小至61 μm和3.8，比不含Yb的合金分别降低了49.59%和43.28%。经过Yb变质处理后，合金组织内Si相发生熔断和纤维化，Si相粒径大幅度降低，圆整度大幅度提高，组织形貌得到了极大改善。进一步提高Yb加入量，合金内Si相平均面积及长径比有所增大，组织开始长大、粗化，这是过度变质处理带来的负面影响。
图5为不同Yb加入量时ZL101合金的SEM图及EDS能谱。未加入Yb的ZL101合金基体主要是粗大的板块状Fe相及长条状Si相。添加了0.3%Yb及0.6%Yb后，合金组织内生成了新的第二相组织（一种长条状的亮色相），由点A的EDS分析结果可知，点A主要富含Al及Yb元素，原子分数分别为78.23%及21.77%，结合图1与相关研究[10]可知，点A为Al3Yb稀土相。点B主要成分为Al、Si及Fe等元素，为组织内的Si及Fe相。添加了0.3%Yb后，在合金组织内生成了稀土相，可能因为稀土相含量偏低，XRD图谱中未显示。添加0.9%Yb后，在合金组织内生成了较多的稀土相，数量和尺寸均有所增加。
2.3　腐蚀性能
图6为不同Yb加入量ZL101合金腐蚀表面SEM形貌。未添加Yb的ZL101合金腐蚀表面堆积了大量且厚重的腐蚀产物，还有非常明显的腐蚀坑洞及腐蚀裂纹。合金的腐蚀主要发生在α-Al晶界处，因为ZL101合金中主要为α-Al相及共晶Si相，共晶Si相作为主阴极会与周围的阳极α-Al相组成微小的原电池，导致阳极发生腐蚀溶解，溶解到一定程度后，在α-Al相周围形成明显的腐蚀坑洞及腐蚀裂纹。添加0.3%Yb后，合金表面腐蚀产物变得少且稀薄，腐蚀坑洞面积有所减小。Yb加入量进一步增加到0.6%时，合金表面腐蚀形貌变得非常平坦且光滑，只有极少的腐蚀产物，看不到明显的腐蚀凹槽，说明添加0.6%Yb有助于降低ZL101合金的晶间腐蚀敏感性，进而提高合金的耐腐蚀性能。但Yb加入量达到0.9%时，合金腐蚀表面又出现了明显的腐蚀坑洞，这是由于添加较多Yb时，Yb与Al基体发生共晶反应生成大量稀土相，稀土相发生聚集，并且这些稀土相与α-Al相存在明显的电位差，可以作为阴极相，促进了合金的腐蚀。
合金耐腐蚀性能的提高主要与第二相得到极大细化有关，许多研究人员均认为第二相的形成容易诱发局部腐蚀，降低合金的耐腐蚀性能[11]。本研究中，随着Yb加入量逐渐增加，共晶Si相及α-Al相的形貌尺寸逐渐减小，α-Al相晶粒尺寸与合金腐蚀速率的关系[12]为：
式中：lgV为腐蚀速率；A与B均为常数；d为晶粒直径。由此可知，合金晶粒尺寸越细小，合金腐蚀速率越低。
图7为Yb加入量对ZL101合金腐蚀电位及腐蚀电流密度的影响。自腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度与合金热力学和动力学倾向相关，两者共同反映合金抗腐蚀性能的优劣。自腐蚀电位的绝对值越大，腐蚀电流密度越大，合金发生腐蚀的倾向越大。从图7可以看出，随着Yb加入量逐渐增大，铝合金腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度均逐渐减小而后增大。未添加Yb的ZL101合金腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度最高，分别为-620.7 mV和58.9 μA/cm2；添加0.6%Yb合金腐蚀电位及腐蚀电流密度最小，分别为-601.1 mV和45.8 μA/cm2，与不添加稀土合金相比，腐蚀电位增加了3.16%，腐蚀电流密度降低了22.24%。
图8为Yb加入量对ZL101合金平均腐蚀速率的影响。从图8可以看出，Yb加入量对ZL101合金腐蚀速率具有较大的影响，Yb加入量由0.3%提高至0.9%，铝合金腐蚀速率呈现出先减小而后增大的变化趋势。加入0.6%Yb后，ZL101合金腐蚀速率为13.25 mg/（cm2·d），比未添加Yb合金降低了37.23%；Yb加入量增大到0.9%时，铝合金腐蚀速率为16.54 mg/（cm2·d），比0.6%Yb合金腐蚀速率有所增大，但比未添加Yb合金腐蚀速率仍然降低不少。
添加Yb可有效增强合金抗腐蚀性能，主要源于两点：一是稀土元素的化学活性高，极易进入铝合金表面的氧化膜中与Al基体生成一层复合产物膜，有效提高合金膜层的致密性和均匀性，从而阻碍溶液中Cl-对合金表面的侵蚀；二是稀土元素可细化合金晶粒尺寸，稀土相与基体之间的电位差明显减小，两者之间的电偶腐蚀倾向减弱[1]。但稀土元素加入量过高时，合金晶界处容易生成稀土结晶相，稀土相与基体之间的电负性差异较大，容易诱导铝合金发生局部腐蚀，从而降低合金抗腐蚀性能[13]。
3　结论
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1）稀土Yb可以有效细化ZL101合金的微观组织，α-Al相、共晶Si相和Fe相均得到细化。添加0.6%Yb的ZL101合金α-Al相二次枝晶臂间距为24.77 μm，比不添加Yb合金降低了35.11%；添加0.6%Yb的ZL101合金Si相平均面积及长径比分别为61 μm和3.8，与未添加Yb的ZL101合金相比分别降低了49.59%和43.28%。
2）随着稀土Yb加入量增加，合金抗腐蚀性能总体上增强。加入0.6%Yb后，ZL101合金腐蚀速率为13.25 mg/（cm2·d），比未添加Yb合金降低了37.23%；添加0.6%Yb的合金腐蚀电位及腐蚀电流密度分别为-601.1 mV和45.8 μA/cm2，与未添加Yb的合金相比，腐蚀电位增加了3.16%，腐蚀电流密度降低了22.24%。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(51975277)
  • 江苏省高职院校工程技术研究开发中心（安全应急装备）(苏教科函〔2023〕11号)
文献
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.027
  • 接收时间：2024-08-22
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-02-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-22
基金
国家自然科学基金(51975277)
江苏省高职院校工程技术研究开发中心（安全应急装备）(苏教科函〔2023〕11号)
作者信息
    1.江苏安全技术职业学院，江苏　徐州　221011
    2.中国科学院金属研究所，辽宁　沈阳　110000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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