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Article(id=1240631878714192786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724169600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719289711, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1738339200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719289711, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719289711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719289711, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631872800215183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='187', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719288300, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724138257, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=138, endPage=142, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631879028765601, articleId=1240631878714192786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Effects of Solution Time on Mechanical Properties and Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of different solid solution time on the mechanical properties, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and microstructure of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy were investigated by performing tensile testing, IGC tests, and electrochemical corrosion analysis, as well as using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Results show that increasing the solution time from 5 min to 120 min leads to a gradual dissolution of residual second phase and a gradual increase in the size and quantity of Ω phase, contributing to a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the IGC resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is found to be considerably degraded as solution time is prolonged. The potential difference between the precipitation free zone (PFZ) and the matrix is the decisive factor in accelerating the IGC rate, while the PFZ width has no obvious influence on IGC resistance.

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采用拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀测试、电化学腐蚀分析、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术研究了固溶时间对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能、抗晶间腐蚀性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明，固溶时间从5 min增加到120 min，残余第二相逐渐溶解，Ω相尺寸和数量逐渐增大，合金力学性能显著提高，但抗晶间腐蚀性能显著降低。晶界无沉淀析出带（PFZ）与基体的电位差是增大晶间腐蚀速率的决定性因素，而PFZ宽度对抗晶间腐蚀性能无明显影响。

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柏松（1984—），男，江苏盐城人，副教授，主要从事铝合金组织调控与强韧化研究。E-mail：
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王吉祥（1999—），女，河南信阳人，硕士，主要从事铝合金力学和腐蚀性能研究。E-mail：

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王吉祥（1999—），女，河南信阳人，硕士，主要从事铝合金力学和腐蚀性能研究。E-mail：

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王吉祥（1999—），女，河南信阳人，硕士，主要从事铝合金力学和腐蚀性能研究。E-mail：

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Microstructure and intergranular corrosion of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy after different peak aging condition[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2020, 40(3): 116-119., articleTitle=Microstructure and intergranular corrosion of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy after different peak aging condition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651351043141941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=13, issue=24, pageStart=5631, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=CHEN M C, WEN M C, CHIU Y C, journalName=Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN M C, WEN M C, CHIU Y C, et al. Effect of natural aging on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of A201-T7 aluminum alloy[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(24): 5631., articleTitle=Effect of natural aging on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of A201-T7 aluminum alloy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651351164776773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=6, pageStart=908, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ALSHAMMARI T T, IJAZ M F, ALHARBI H F, journalName=Crystals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALSHAMMARI T T, IJAZ M F, ALHARBI H F, et al. Effect of the Cu/Mg ratio on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of wrought Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy[J]. Crystals, 2023, 13(6): 908., articleTitle=Effect of the Cu/Mg ratio on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of wrought Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651351311577432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=115, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=王鹏, 刘冠华, 刘志义, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王鹏, 刘冠华, 刘志义. 固溶温度对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金显微组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 矿冶工程, 2019, 39(6): 115-119., articleTitle=固溶温度对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金显微组织与力学性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651351403852132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=115, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=WANG Peng, LIU Guanhua, LIU Zhiyi, journalName=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Peng, LIU Guanhua, LIU Zhiyi. 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Metals and Materials International, 2023, 29: 293-302., articleTitle=Effects of aging temperature on the mechanical properties and precipitation behavior of a pre-strained Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651351827476899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=702, issue=null, pageStart=29, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=GAZIZOV M, KAIBYSHEV R, journalName=Materials Science and Engineering: A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAZIZOV M, KAIBYSHEV R. Precipitation structure and strengthening mechanisms in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2017, 702: 29-40., articleTitle=Precipitation structure and strengthening mechanisms in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651352003637687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=114, issue=null, pageStart=156, pageEnd=168, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG Z, CHEN P, LI H, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z, CHEN P, LI H, et al. The intergranular corrosion susceptibility of 2024 Al alloy during re-ageing after solution treating and cold-rolling[J]. Corrosion Science, 2017, 114: 156-168., articleTitle=The intergranular corrosion susceptibility of 2024 Al alloy during re-ageing after solution treating and cold-rolling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651352146244047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=910, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=ZHANG H, NAN Y, GUO C, journalName=Journal of Alloys and Compounds, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, NAN Y, GUO C, et al. Age hardening and intergranular corrosion behavior of new type Al-4.5Mg-0.6Zn-0.5Cu-xAg (wt%) alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 910: 164767., articleTitle=Age hardening and intergranular corrosion behavior of new type Al-4.5Mg-0.6Zn-0.5Cu-xAg (wt%) alloy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651349579329666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, awardId=52071341, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(52071341), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240651349663215759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, awardId=2020JJ5711, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2020JJ5711), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651342608396833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651342616785442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, companyId=1240651342608396833, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651342629368355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, companyId=1240651342608396833, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651345846399771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=IGC property and maximum corrosion depth of samples, figureFileSmall=Cig/AIceZCxvOBCpTE87qw==, figureFileBig=2vQStyMlFGd7KhoQJ7cNeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651346005783336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试样IGC性能和最大腐蚀深度

（a）D1；（b）D2；（c）D3；（d）D4

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（a）D1；（b）D2；（c）D3；（d）D4

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（a）D1；（b）D2；（c）D3；（d）D4

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（a）D1；（b）D2；（c）D3；（d）D4

, figureFileSmall=0yZHzMbYH3APqUk53Es0ew==, figureFileBig=4ZUNQDtvyn99HVvhL/G3qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651347503149993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=TEM morphologies of grain boundaries of samples, figureFileSmall=E3yilq9w5rl0ZZLuhVS44Q==, figureFileBig=HFEPYVm489p0ptukrCd0JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651347628979132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同试样的晶界TEM形貌

（a）D1；（b）D2；（c）D3；（d）D4

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Chemical composition of tested alloy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CuMgAgMnTiZrFeSiAl
5.740.440.880.300.030.090.100.06余量
), ArticleFig(id=1240651347981300700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验合金化学成分（质量分数）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CuMgAgMnTiZrFeSiAl
5.740.440.880.300.030.090.100.06余量
), ArticleFig(id=1240651348119712752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Influence of solid solution time on tensile properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy at room temperature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称抗拉强度/MPa屈服强度/MPa延伸率/%
D1344.7±11.3239.5±18.618.4±1.1
D2436.2±6.6402.7±17.910.4±1.4
D3469.8±3.9434.3±15.68.9±0.2
D4474.6±8.3435.3±4.77.2±0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240651348228763648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

固溶时间对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金室温拉伸性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称抗拉强度/MPa屈服强度/MPa延伸率/%
D1344.7±11.3239.5±18.618.4±1.1
D2436.2±6.6402.7±17.910.4±1.4
D3469.8±3.9434.3±15.68.9±0.2
D4474.6±8.3435.3±4.77.2±0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240651348350398479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Tafel fitting results of samples in corrosive solution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称腐蚀电位/（V vs. SCE）电流密度/（mA·cm-2）极化电阻/（Ω·cm2）
D1-0.512 350.4441.22
D2-0.514 670.5135.00
D3-0.564 730.5632.39
D4-0.648 510.6527.66
), ArticleFig(id=1240651348497199135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试样在晶间腐蚀液中的Tafel拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称腐蚀电位/（V vs. SCE）电流密度/（mA·cm-2）极化电阻/（Ω·cm2）
D1-0.512 350.4441.22
D2-0.514 670.5135.00
D3-0.564 730.5632.39
D4-0.648 510.6527.66
), ArticleFig(id=1240651348677554223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

EDS analysis results of each marked point in Figure 3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点元素含量（原子分数）/%
AlCuMgAgMnTiFeSi
166.8030.960.880.230.310.180.410.23
269.2728.201.350.260.150.140.160.46
377.0321.180.830.200.170.230.210.15
474.7923.100.840.330.120.230.280.31
), ArticleFig(id=1240651348987932744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

图3中各标记点EDS分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点元素含量（原子分数）/%
AlCuMgAgMnTiFeSi
166.8030.960.880.230.310.180.410.23
269.2728.201.350.260.150.140.160.46
377.0321.180.830.200.170.230.210.15
474.7923.100.840.330.120.230.280.31
), ArticleFig(id=1240651349185065048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

TEM quantitative analysis results of Ω phase in samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称平均直径/nm数量密度/（103 μm-3）
D128.6±18.78.23±0.80
D230.3±20.610.09±3.01
D334.9±23.610.84±2.00
D439.5±22.011.47±0.97
), ArticleFig(id=1240651349327671403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631878714192786, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同试样Ω相TEM定量分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称平均直径/nm数量密度/（103 μm-3）
D128.6±18.78.23±0.80
D230.3±20.610.09±3.01
D334.9±23.610.84±2.00
D439.5±22.011.47±0.97
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固溶时间对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能和晶间腐蚀性能的影响
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王吉祥 , 毛盼 , 柏松 , 刘志义
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025,45(1): 138-142
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2025, 45(1): 138-142
固溶时间对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能和晶间腐蚀性能的影响
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王吉祥 , 毛盼, 柏松 , 刘志义
作者信息
  • 中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083

    • 王吉祥（1999—），女，河南信阳人，硕士，主要从事铝合金力学和腐蚀性能研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

柏松（1984—），男，江苏盐城人，副教授，主要从事铝合金组织调控与强韧化研究。E-mail：
Effects of Solution Time on Mechanical Properties and Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy
Jixiang WANG , Pan MAO, Song BAI , Zhiyi LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2025-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.026
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摘要
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采用拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀测试、电化学腐蚀分析、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术研究了固溶时间对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能、抗晶间腐蚀性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明，固溶时间从5 min增加到120 min，残余第二相逐渐溶解，Ω相尺寸和数量逐渐增大，合金力学性能显著提高，但抗晶间腐蚀性能显著降低。晶界无沉淀析出带（PFZ）与基体的电位差是增大晶间腐蚀速率的决定性因素，而PFZ宽度对抗晶间腐蚀性能无明显影响。

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金  /  固溶处理  /  Ω相  /  无沉淀析出带  /  晶间腐蚀  /  残余第二相

The effects of different solid solution time on the mechanical properties, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and microstructure of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy were investigated by performing tensile testing, IGC tests, and electrochemical corrosion analysis, as well as using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Results show that increasing the solution time from 5 min to 120 min leads to a gradual dissolution of residual second phase and a gradual increase in the size and quantity of Ω phase, contributing to a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the IGC resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is found to be considerably degraded as solution time is prolonged. The potential difference between the precipitation free zone (PFZ) and the matrix is the decisive factor in accelerating the IGC rate, while the PFZ width has no obvious influence on IGC resistance.

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy  /  solid solution treatment  /  Ω phase  /  precipitation free zone  /  intergranular corrosion  /  residual second phase
王吉祥, 毛盼, 柏松, 刘志义. 固溶时间对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能和晶间腐蚀性能的影响. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 138 -142 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.026
Jixiang WANG, Pan MAO, Song BAI, Zhiyi LIU. Effects of Solution Time on Mechanical Properties and Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (1) : 138 -142 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.026
正文
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Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金时效过程中能析出致密且热稳定性高的Ω相，大幅提高合金的高温力学性能，可以满足航空材料的使用要求[1]。但该系合金的耐腐蚀性能较差，有待进一步改善[2]。有研究表明，采用调整元素含量、时效工艺和参数等方法可以提高Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的耐腐蚀性能[3-8]。但这些研究大多集中在该合金在海水中的剥落腐蚀、应力腐蚀和循环极化行为[5-8]，很少关注该合金的微观结构与抗晶间腐蚀性能之间的联系。有关固溶处理参数对抗腐蚀性能，尤其是抗晶间腐蚀性能影响的研究非常有限[9]。本文研究固溶时间对时效态Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能、抗晶间腐蚀性能和微观组织结构演变的影响，以期获得同时具备高强度和优良耐腐蚀性能的合金。
1　实验材料与方法
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表1为实验所用Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的化学成分。合金热轧板在470 ℃下退火3 h，然后冷轧成厚1 mm的薄板。从冷轧薄板上取样，并在515 ℃下分别进行5 min、15 min、60 min和120 min的固溶处理，然后均在180 ℃下时效处理3 h，所得样品分别命名为D1、D2、D3和D4。
合金的室温拉伸试验在WDW-50E型电子拉伸机上进行，拉伸速度为2 mm/min。晶间腐蚀（IGC）试样先用NaOH溶液和HNO3溶液清洗表面，然后在晶间腐蚀液（1 000 mL去离子水中加入10 mL 30%H2O2和57 g NaCl）中浸泡6 h，腐蚀后试样经镶样和抛光后利用光学显微镜测量最大腐蚀深度。在CS310H型电化学工作站上进行电化学性能测试，试样测试面尺寸为10 mm×10 mm。使用配有EDAX Genesis 2000型能谱仪（EDS）的FEI Quanta-200扫描电镜（SEM）研究不同试样第二相粒子的分布差异。在Tescan Mira 3型SEM上通过电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术分析不同试样的晶粒特征，数据分析在Aztec Crystal 2.1软件中进行。在Tecnai G2 20型透射电镜（TEM）上观察试样组织，每个试样的Ω相定量TEM分析均统计超过1 200个Ω相，以降低误差。
2　实验结果与分析
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2.1　拉伸性能
经过不同固溶时间处理后试样的室温拉伸性能如表2所示。随着固溶时间延长，试样抗拉强度和屈服强度均逐渐增大，延伸率逐渐下降。试样抗拉强度从D1试样的344.7 MPa增加到D4试样的474.6 MPa，对应的屈服强度从239.5 MPa增加到435.3 MPa，延伸率则从18.4%下降到7.2%。
2.2　晶间腐蚀性能
不同试样垂直于轧制方向截面的IGC性能和最大腐蚀深度如图1所示。结果表明：D1试样没有明显的晶间腐蚀痕迹，但随着固溶时间增加，部分晶粒发生溶解出现腐蚀坑；4种试样的最大腐蚀深度分别为0、122、231和277 μm，可见增加固溶时间会提高合金的IGC敏感性，4种试样的抗IGC能力顺序为：D1>D2>D3>D4。
2.3　电化学分析
图2为试样在晶间腐蚀液中的动电位极化曲线，相对应的Tafel拟合结果如表3所示。从图2可知，试样腐蚀电位随着固溶时间增加逐渐降低，呈现出更负的趋势。由表3可知，自腐蚀电流密度从0.44 mA/cm2逐渐增加到0.65 mA/cm2，相应的极化电阻从41.22 Ω·cm2逐渐降低到27.66 Ω·cm2。腐蚀电流密度越高，电阻越小，试样耐腐蚀性能越差。表3结果与图1结果一致，试样抗IGC能力同样符合D1>D2>D3>D4的规律。
2.4　SEM分析
图3和表4分别给出了不同固溶时间下合金中残余第二相的形貌及相应能谱分析结果。由表4可以看出，图中大多数残余第二相富含Cu元素（原子分数20%～30%），其Al/Cu原子比接近2∶1，即为Al2Cu相。图3中不同样品的残余第二相衬度一致，均呈灰色，均为Al2Cu。定量测量结果表明，随着固溶时间延长，残余第二相面积分数从D1试样中的（6.6±0.8）%逐渐减少到D4试样中的（2.2±0.2）%。
2.5　EBSD分析
不同固溶时间处理试样晶粒组织EBSD分析结果如图4所示。所有试样都由典型的等轴再结晶晶粒组成，晶粒没有明显的择优取向，但晶粒尺寸随着固溶时间延长逐渐增大。定量统计结果表明，试样平均晶粒尺寸从D1的（16.0±7.0）μm增加到D4的（29.5±13.2）μm，其中D2和D3的平均晶粒尺寸分别为（21.5±9.4）μm和（26.6±12.3）μm。
2.6　TEM分析
图5为各试样微观组织的TEM形貌和相应近<110>α晶带轴的选区电子衍射（SAED）花样。SAED花样中的衍射斑点表明试样中主要析出的是大量交叉分布的片状Ω相，θ′相数量较少。表5列举了TEM定量分析结果，可见随着固溶时间增加，Ω相平均直径和数量密度增加，而Ω相厚度（约1.3 nm）在时效后没有发生明显增加。
不同试样的晶界TEM形貌如图6所示。可见所有试样在晶界上均有粗大析出相形成，同时由于晶界析出相消耗了大量的溶质原子，在晶界附近均出现了明显的无沉淀析出带（PFZ）。另外，随着固溶时间增加，晶界附近PFZ宽度有逐渐减小的趋势。
3　分析与讨论
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根据已有研究，时效态Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的强化效应主要来源于晶界强化和析出强化[5]。由晶粒长大引起的晶界强化作用可以用Hall-Petch关系[10]描述。
式中：σgb为晶界强化引起的屈服强度增加值；σ0为无限晶粒尺寸纯铝的屈服强度，约为10 MPa；d为平均晶粒尺寸；k为Hall-Petch常数，取值0.1～0.2 MPa/m0.5[10]。根据式（1），选取k=0.1 MPa/m0.5，结合图4数据，计算可得试样D1和D4的晶界强化贡献分别为35.0 MPa和28.4 MPa，即固溶时间延长后屈服强度下降了6.6 MPa。但表1中对应试样的屈服强度随着固溶时间延长提高了195.8 MPa，这表明必然存在其他强化机制弥补这种强度的损失。同时，图3表明，随着固溶时间增加，越来越多的残余第二相溶解到基体中，扩散到基体中的溶质原子也相应增加。根据浓度条件和热力学分析原理[11]，基体中的溶质原子含量越高，时效过程中析出强化相Ω相驱动力越大，后续时效析出的Ω相数量和尺寸也相应增大，析出强化作用增强[12]。这与图5和表5结果相吻合，随着固溶时间延长，Ω相数量密度由于固溶在基体内溶质原子分数升高而显著增大，析出强化的影响显著增大，析出强化效应更显著，使得试样拉伸强度逐渐提高。
现有研究一般用晶界析出相（Al2Cu）、基体和PFZ的电位差来解释合金的耐晶间腐蚀性能，并已证实Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金中PFZ因为拥有更低的腐蚀电位而作为阳极优先被腐蚀[3]。同时，晶界附近溶质原子的数量又决定了PFZ的电位[13]。本文D1试样晶界析出相数量较少，消耗的溶质原子数量也少，PFZ附近因为存在更多的未参与析出的溶质原子而拥有较高的电位。因此，PFZ与基体之间的电位差更小，D1试样具有更好的抗晶间腐蚀能力。相反，D4试样因为有更多晶界析出相而消耗更多溶质原子，PFZ的电位随着附近溶质原子数量减少而变低，PFZ与基体间的电位差增大，从而增大了试样的晶间腐蚀敏感性。目前也发现较宽的PFZ可以提供更宽的腐蚀通道，导致合金耐腐蚀性能大幅下降[14]。但本研究中，试样抗IGC性能并没有随着PFZ宽度变窄而好转，表明PFZ宽度并不是影响Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金IGC性能的主要因素。
4　结论
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1）固溶时间从5 min延长到120 min，Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金抗拉强度和屈服强度分别从344.7 MPa和239.5 MPa提高到474.6 MPa和435.3 MPa，伸长率从18.4%下降到7.2%。
2）延长固溶时间，合金平均晶粒尺寸逐渐增大；同时，更多的残余第二相溶解导致基体中溶质原子的原子分数增大，时效后析出的Ω相数量更多，析出强化效应更高，从而提升了合金的拉伸强度。
3）延长固溶时间降低了合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能，最大IGC深度从0逐渐增加到277 μm。PFZ与基体的电位差是IGC速率加快的重要原因，而PFZ宽度对合金抗IGC性能没有明显影响。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52071341)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2020JJ5711)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.026
  • 接收时间：2024-08-21
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-02-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-21
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52071341)
湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2020JJ5711)
作者信息
    中南大学　材料科学与工程学院，湖南　长沙　410083

通讯作者:

柏松（1984—），男，江苏盐城人，副教授，主要从事铝合金组织调控与强韧化研究。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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