Article(id=1240631874524074149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719288711, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1738339200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719288711, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719288711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719288711, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631872800215183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='187', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719288300, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724138257, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631874817675439, articleId=1240631874524074149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Mechanism for Depressing Calcite with Esterified Starch, columnId=1236276106932842717, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINERAL PROCESSING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The mechanism for calcite depression with esterified starch was investigated by performing flotation test, surface tension test, zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results show that, compared with ordinary starches, the esterified starch serves as a significantly stronger depressant for calcite. The esterified starch with bipolar functional groups can be chemisorbed onto calcite, reducing the contact angle of calcite surface and increasing its hydrophilicity. It also causes a negative shift of zeta potential of calcite, therewith, enhancing dispersion of calcite particles and effectively reducing hydrous entrainments in flotation products. In the flotation system using sodium oleate as the collector, esterified starch, possessing greater steric hindrance than sodium oleate, can prevail in their competitive adsorption and hinder the adsorption of sodium oleate.

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通过浮选试验、溶液表面张力测试、Zeta电位测试以及红外光谱分析等方法,研究了酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制机理。结果表明:酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制效果明显强于普通淀粉;酯化淀粉的双极性基团化学吸附在方解石矿物表面,使方解石表面接触角减小,亲水性增加;酯化淀粉使方解石表面Zeta电位负向移动,方解石颗粒之间分散性增加,有效减少浮选产物含水夹带;在油酸钠体系中,酯化淀粉分子空间位阻比油酸钠分子大,与油酸钠分子发生竞争吸附的同时能阻碍油酸钠分子在矿物表面的吸附。

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魏邦其(2000—),男,贵州遵义人,硕士,主要研究方向为矿产资源综合回收利用。E-mail:

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魏邦其(2000—),男,贵州遵义人,硕士,主要研究方向为矿产资源综合回收利用。E-mail:

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(a)方解石+油酸钠;(b)方解石+普通淀粉;(c)方解石+酯化淀粉;(d)总相互作用能

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酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制机理
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魏邦其 1 , 李解 2 , 曹钊 1 , 马赛赛 1 , 张雨涵 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025,45(1): 46-50
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矿冶工程杂志 | 选矿 2025, 45(1): 46-50
酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制机理
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魏邦其1 , 李解2, 曹钊1, 马赛赛1, 张雨涵3
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头 014000
  • 2.内蒙古科技大学 稀土产业学院,内蒙古 包头 014000
  • 3.内蒙古科技大学 能源科学与环境学院,内蒙古 包头 014000
  • 魏邦其(2000—),男,贵州遵义人,硕士,主要研究方向为矿产资源综合回收利用。E-mail:

Mechanism for Depressing Calcite with Esterified Starch
Bangqi WEI1 , Jie LI2, Zhao CAO1, Saisai MA1, Yuhan ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • 2.School of Rare Earth Industry, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • 3.School of Energy Science and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014000, Inner Mongolia, China
出版时间: 2025-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.008
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通过浮选试验、溶液表面张力测试、Zeta电位测试以及红外光谱分析等方法,研究了酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制机理。结果表明:酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制效果明显强于普通淀粉;酯化淀粉的双极性基团化学吸附在方解石矿物表面,使方解石表面接触角减小,亲水性增加;酯化淀粉使方解石表面Zeta电位负向移动,方解石颗粒之间分散性增加,有效减少浮选产物含水夹带;在油酸钠体系中,酯化淀粉分子空间位阻比油酸钠分子大,与油酸钠分子发生竞争吸附的同时能阻碍油酸钠分子在矿物表面的吸附。

酯化淀粉  /  方解石  /  浮选  /  油酸钠  /  抑制剂  /  化学吸附  /  接触角

The mechanism for calcite depression with esterified starch was investigated by performing flotation test, surface tension test, zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results show that, compared with ordinary starches, the esterified starch serves as a significantly stronger depressant for calcite. The esterified starch with bipolar functional groups can be chemisorbed onto calcite, reducing the contact angle of calcite surface and increasing its hydrophilicity. It also causes a negative shift of zeta potential of calcite, therewith, enhancing dispersion of calcite particles and effectively reducing hydrous entrainments in flotation products. In the flotation system using sodium oleate as the collector, esterified starch, possessing greater steric hindrance than sodium oleate, can prevail in their competitive adsorption and hinder the adsorption of sodium oleate.

esterified starch  /  calcite  /  flotation  /  sodium oleate  /  depressant  /  chemisorption  /  contact angle
魏邦其, 李解, 曹钊, 马赛赛, 张雨涵. 酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制机理. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 46 -50 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.008
Bangqi WEI, Jie LI, Zhao CAO, Saisai MA, Yuhan ZHANG. Mechanism for Depressing Calcite with Esterified Starch[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (1) : 46 -50 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.008
方解石是脉石矿物,它的存在直接影响有用矿物的浮选品位和回收率[1-2]。研制高效、环保的方解石抑制剂迫在眉睫。淀粉类抑制剂具有原料易得多样、生产成本低廉等优点,被广泛应用于矿物浮选领域[3-4],但酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制机理鲜有报道。鉴于此,本文通过浮选试验联合机理分析,研究了油酸钠捕收剂体系下酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制机理。
试验原料为方解石纯矿物,经破碎、手选、磨矿、稀盐酸洗涤、水洗、筛分,得到0.038~0.074 mm粒级矿样,用于试验。
溶胶分散体系中颗粒相互作用行为需要用扩展的胶体稳定性(EDLVO)理论[5]来解释,颗粒间相互作用能量表达式[5-6]为:
式中:为粒子间相互作用总势能,J;VE为双电层静电作用能,J;VW为范德华相互作用能,J;VHA为界面极性相互作用能,J;RR1R2均为颗粒半径,nm;H为颗粒之间的间距,nm;A为介质中颗粒间的有效Hamaker常数,J;φ为颗粒的表面电位;k为矿物表面的双电层厚度,nm;εa为分散介质绝对介电常数,εa=6.95×10-10C2/J·m;h0为衰减长度,nm;为相互作用能量常数,mJ/m2
浮选试验在充气式挂槽浮选机中进行,采用人工刮泡,浮选用水为去离子水。每次称取矿样2.0 g,加入30 mL去离子水,依次加入pH值调整剂、抑制剂淀粉(采取干法制备[7])、捕收剂油酸钠,每次加药后搅拌3 min;充气浮选2 min;浮选精矿、尾矿分别进行过滤烘干、称重并计算回收率。
采用KRÜSS K100型表面张力和动态接触角测量仪测试样品表面张力和接触角。测量表面张力时,每个点重复测定5次,取平均值作为试验值;测量接触角时,以正己烷毛细管常数为基准,选取平直上升时的一段数据进行自动拟合计算。采用Bruker Book Haven Zeta Plus分析仪测试矿物表面Zeta电位。采用傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(Bruker VETEX 70)检测样品吸附状况。
pH值为7,考察了油酸钠质量浓度对方解石浮选回收率和浮选泡沫产品含水率的影响,结果见图1。由图1可知,随着油酸钠质量浓度增加,方解石回收率显著提高,浮选泡沫产品含水率近似线性平稳增长。浮选泡沫产品含水率可以反映浮选试验中脉石矿物或未被捕收有用矿物的夹带行为[8]。浮选泡沫产品含水率上升,意味着油酸钠浮选方解石时会加剧未被捕收的方解石被泡沫含水层夹带而出。油酸钠质量浓度15 mg/L时,方解石回收率开始趋于稳定且夹带现象适中。在后续试验中,确定油酸钠质量浓度为15 mg/L。
pH值为7、油酸钠质量浓度15 mg/L,考察了淀粉质量浓度对方解石回收率和浮选泡沫产品含水率的影响,结果见图2。由图2可知,普通淀粉和酯化淀粉质量浓度对方解石浮选回收率的影响规律一致,且酯化淀粉对方解石的抑制效果更强。酯化淀粉质量浓度达到40 mg/L时,方解石回收率趋于稳定,为23.62%;随着两种淀粉质量浓度增加,浮选泡沫产品含水率均减小,且酯化淀粉作用后的浮选泡沫产品含水率更低。
油酸钠质量浓度15 mg/L、淀粉质量浓度40 mg/L,考察了矿浆pH值对方解石浮选性能的影响,结果见图3。方解石在酸性介质中会发生溶解,所以只在pH≥7范围内进行试验。由图3可知,pH=7~8时,与两种淀粉作用后,方解石回收率都下降。强碱性环境中,方解石回收率趋于稳定。pH=8时,酯化淀粉使方解石回收率更低且回收率提前趋于稳定。
pH=7、油酸钠质量浓度15 mg/L条件下,淀粉种类对溶液表面张力的影响见图4。由图4可知,随着淀粉质量浓度增加,溶液表面张力先减小后趋于平缓,且酯化淀粉对溶液表面张力的影响大于普通淀粉。淀粉质量浓度超过40 mg/L,溶液表面张力变化不大,两种淀粉的临界胶束浓度均为40 mg/L[9]。酯化淀粉引入了羧基,导致溶液极性增加,水分子间吸引力增强,溶液表面张力增大。溶液表面张力增大,矿物颗粒突破水的阻碍增大,气泡变得不稳定[10]。因此酯化淀粉会使方解石在气泡表面的吸附量减少,对方解石的抑制效果更好。
pH=7、油酸钠质量浓度15 mg/L时,淀粉种类对方解石接触角的影响如图5所示。由图5可知,方解石接触角随着淀粉质量浓度增加而减小。淀粉使水和方解石界面结合牢固,水分子在方解石表面的铺展驱动力变强[9],酯化淀粉作用后,方解石表面接触角更小,亲水性提高,可浮性变差,对方解石的抑制效果更好。
油酸钠质量浓度15 mg/L、淀粉质量浓度40 mg/L条件下,测试了矿浆pH值对方解石表面Zeta电位的影响,结果见图6。由图6可知,该方解石矿样零电点约7.33。中性条件下,由于离子之间水化自由能的差异,方解石矿物表面带正电[9]。方解石在油酸钠溶液中表现为负电位,表明油酸钠会电离出油酸根阴离子[11]。酯化淀粉与方解石作用后,矿物表面电位更负,且效果强于普通淀粉。浮选过程中,经酯化淀粉作用的方解石表面荷负电,会与油酸根阴离子同性相斥,不利于与油酸根阴离子结合,致使方解石矿物回收率下降。
添加抑制剂前后方解石颗粒之间的相互作用势能如图7所示。
图7(a)可知,在油酸钠溶液中,方解石颗粒在水中的范德华力为吸引力,吸引作用随着颗粒间距增大快速降低。双电层静电相互作用能表现为斥力,随着颗粒间距离增大逐渐降低。颗粒间距H<21.7 nm时,总势能表现为吸引力,方解石颗粒之间表现为一定的团聚现象;颗粒间距H>21.7 nm时,总势能表现为排斥力,方解石颗粒之间表现为不太强的分散性。所以在油酸钠溶液中,方解石颗粒间表现为一定的团聚性,导致矿物浮选夹带现象严重。
图7(b)可知,添加普通淀粉后,矿浆中静电相互作用能占主导地位,双电层静电相互作用能增加,表现为斥力,颗粒之间的排斥作用增强。H<5.2 nm时,总势能表现为吸引力,衰减极快;H>5.2 nm时,总势能表现为排斥力,溶液中方解石颗粒之间表现为一定的分散性。
图7(c)可知,添加酯化淀粉后,矿浆中静电相互作用能占主导地位。H<2.8 nm时,总势能表现为吸引力;H>2.8 nm时,总势能表现为排斥力,方解石颗粒之间在溶液中也表现为很好的分散性。该条件下,界面相互作用能趋于0位置处的间距在减小,这是吸引能逐步向排斥能转化所致。
势能曲线上的峰值称为位垒[12]。由图7(d)可知,酯化淀粉与方解石作用后的势能位垒最大。势能位垒越大,颗粒之间想要聚集所需的能量越高,越不易团聚。酯化淀粉吸附在矿物表面,形成亲水性界面,导致总势能为0处的位置向前推移,表明水化膜受到挤压,会诱发水化膜斥力。水化膜斥力也会增强溶液中颗粒的分散性,减少溶液中颗粒网络状空间结构的形成,改善浮选效果[8]。酯化淀粉使方解石颗粒间具备很好的分散性,在浮选中方解石作为脉石夹带现象减少,精矿品位提高。
淀粉与方解石作用前后的红外光谱如图8所示。其中711.72、875.67与1 421.52 cm-1处可观察到方解石的特征吸收峰[13];与普通淀粉作用后,方解石表面在1 051.19和2 924.06 cm-1处分别出现C—O伸缩对称吸收峰和C—H伸缩振动吸收峰,且方解石表面1 421.52 cm-1处的特征吸收峰发生偏移,证实普通淀粉在方解石表面发生了化学吸附。与酯化淀粉作用后,方解石表面在1 735.92、2 924.06和1051.19 cm-1处分别出现伸缩对称吸收峰和糖类特征峰,说明酯化淀粉在方解石表面发生了吸附;方解石表面1 421.52 cm-1处特征吸收峰发生蓝移,说明酯化淀粉在方解石表面发生了化学吸附。
对淀粉分子中的葡萄糖单元进行分析,C2和C3位置处—OH属于邻位,发生反应时空间位阻大,不利于反应的进行;C6位置上的—OH空间位阻小,容易发生取代反应[7]。普通淀粉C6位置处的—OH被柠檬酸酐基团取代成为酯化淀粉后,矿浆中O—H键容易接受电子发生裂解,普通淀粉C6位置处单极性基团O原子单配位吸附在矿物表面,而酯化淀粉双极性基团O原子双配位吸附在矿物表面[14],因此酯化淀粉比普通淀粉吸附更牢固。水溶液中,依托氢键耦合作用,酯化淀粉分子链上大量极性基团与矿物表面的O原子发生更加强烈的相互作用,使酯化淀粉在方解石表面双配位吸附形式更牢固。酯化淀粉分子空间位阻大,与油酸钠分子发生竞争吸附的同时阻碍油酸钠分子在方解石表面吸附,造成方解石回收率降低。
油酸钠体系下,普通淀粉和酯化淀粉都能抑制方解石上浮、减少浮选泡沫产品含水率,但酯化淀粉的作用效果更好。酯化淀粉能降低浮选溶液中气泡稳定性、提高方解石颗粒间分散性、增加方解石矿物表面亲水性,使方解石在浮选中被抑制且作为脉石矿物夹带减少。酯化淀粉在方解石表面发生双配位吸附形式的化学吸附,浮选过程中,酯化淀粉分子空间位阻大,与油酸钠分子发生竞争吸附的同时阻碍油酸钠分子在矿物表面的吸附,达到抑制方解石的目的。
  • 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0438)
  • 北方稀土项目(白云鄂博矿高丰度混合稀土软磁材料关键技术研发)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.008
  • 接收时间:2024-08-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-12
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内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0438)
北方稀土项目(白云鄂博矿高丰度混合稀土软磁材料关键技术研发)
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    1.内蒙古科技大学 矿业与煤炭学院,内蒙古 包头 014000
    2.内蒙古科技大学 稀土产业学院,内蒙古 包头 014000
    3.内蒙古科技大学 能源科学与环境学院,内蒙古 包头 014000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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