Article(id=1240631873748127891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723564800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719288527, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1738339200000, pubDateStr=2025-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719288527, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719288527, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719288527, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631872800215183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='187', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719288300, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724138257, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240652215052989236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631872800215183, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=27, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631874012369045, articleId=1240631873748127891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Effect of Temperature on Strength and Energy Evolution Characteristics of Cemented Backfill Mass Under Dynamic Loading, columnId=1236276106018484431, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MINING, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to analyze the strength variation characteristics of cemented backfill mass at different temperatures under dynamic loading, a SHPB impact test was performed to study the mechanical properties of cemented backfill mass under dynamic loading during the energy evolution process. The results show that the compressive strength of the cemented backfill mass under dynamic loading increases as the curing temperature rises, and presents obvious splitting tensile failure. It is also found that the stress-strain curves of backfill mass at different curing temperatures are similar, all consisting of three stages: quasi-elastic stage, plastic deformation stage and post-peak failure stage. The backfill mass experiences a wave impedance effect. At an approximate strain rate (100 s-1), about 77% of the energy is reflected and about 2% of the energy is transmitted through the backfill mass during the impact process. As the curing time is prolonged and the curing temperature rises, the energy absorption density and transmissive energy of the backfill mass increase. The micro-analysis shows that with the rise of curing temperature, the internal hydration reaction of backfill mass occurs at a higher rate, leading to higher degree of hydration and more hydration products. Those hydration products gradually fill in the internal pores of backfill mass, resulting in denser microstructure. It further confirms that increasing curing temperature can improve the early strength of backfill mass.

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为分析不同温度条件下胶结充填体在动载作用下的强度变化特征,采用SHPB冲击试验,结合能量演化过程开展胶结充填体动态力学特性研究。结果表明:胶结充填体动态抗压强度随着养护温度提高而提高,破坏后发生明显的劈裂拉伸破坏;不同养护温度下充填体的应力应变曲线具有相似性,均可划分为似弹性阶段、塑性变形阶段、峰后破坏阶段3个阶段。充填体具有波阻抗效应,在近似应变率(100 s-1)条件下,冲击过程中77%左右能量被反射,2%左右能量透射穿充填体。随着养护龄期及养护温度提高,充填体吸能密度和透射能均上升。微观分析结果表明,随着养护温度提高,胶结充填体内部水化反应速率提升,水化程度增加且水化产物增多,充填体内部孔隙被水化产物填充,形成更加致密的微观结构,进一步证实了养护温度的提高能促进充填体早期强度的提升。

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郭进平(1970—),男,湖北当阳人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,从事复杂矿床开采理论与技术研究。E-mail:
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吴琼(1999—),男,江苏淮安人,硕士,从事矿山充填开采理论与技术研究。E-mail:

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(a)养护龄期7 d;(b)养护龄期14 d;(c)养护龄期28 d

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(a)养护温度20 ℃;(b)养护温度35 ℃;(c)养护温度50 ℃;(d)养护温度65 ℃

, figureFileSmall=jITVuDloBJJdGUeLyKXsKw==, figureFileBig=+UQv7vJcLkOeGccYa+J/+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651364003533069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chemical composition of total tailings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2Fe2O3MgOAl2O3CaO其他
67.7220.653.162.054.661.76
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364125167887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

全尾砂化学成分(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SiO2Fe2O3MgOAl2O3CaO其他
67.7220.653.162.054.661.76
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364246802711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting equation between curing time and compressive strength under dynanic loading

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护温度/℃养护龄期/d拟合方程R2P
207~28σ20=13.283-8.514×0.840x0.9970.015
357~28σ35=17.205-7.690×0.930x0.9990.022
507~28σ50=18.894-7.943×0.930x0.9990.034
657~28σ65=20.273-8.327×0.933x0.9990.021
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364368437535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

养护龄期与动态抗压强度拟合方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护温度/℃养护龄期/d拟合方程R2P
207~28σ20=13.283-8.514×0.840x0.9970.015
357~28σ35=17.205-7.690×0.930x0.9990.022
507~28σ50=18.894-7.943×0.930x0.9990.034
657~28σ65=20.273-8.327×0.933x0.9990.021
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364502655274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fitting equation between curing temperature and compressive strength under dynanic loading

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护龄期/d养护温度/℃拟合方程R2P
720~65σ7=19.122-11.651×0.984x0.9990.016
1420~65σ14=21.911-12.535×0.985x0.9990.021
2820~65σ28=20.873-14.410×0.969x0.9990.025
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364632678705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

养护温度与动态抗压强度拟合方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护龄期/d养护温度/℃拟合方程R2P
720~65σ7=19.122-11.651×0.984x0.9990.016
1420~65σ14=21.911-12.535×0.985x0.9990.021
2820~65σ28=20.873-14.410×0.969x0.9990.025
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364787867963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Energy parameters of backfill mass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号应变率/s-1入射能/J反射能/J透射能/J吸收能/J反射能比率/%透射能比率/%吸收能比率/%吸能密度/(J·cm-3
20-7101.246.61636.7530.8909.10178.841.9119.520.185 5
20-1497.544.21734.2000.8979.12577.342.0320.640.186 0
20-2899.345.19735.0360.9009.13577.521.9920.210.186 2
35-796.743.73833.7130.8979.12377.082.0420.860.186 0
35-14102.647.67137.4850.9059.14478.631.8819.180.186 4
35-2897.144.10433.6620.9109.15276.332.0420.750.186 5
50-798.244.53834.3970.9019.14077.232.0220.520.186 3
50-1499.845.23534.9520.9099.15077.272.0120.230.186 5
50-28103.848.53438.0310.9139.16078.361.8818.870.186 7
65-799.445.20434.9600.9079.14977.342.0120.240.186 5
65-14102.547.36836.9510.9149.16078.011.9319.340.186 7
65-2895.242.38231.8220.9179.16775.092.1621.630.186 9
), ArticleFig(id=1240651364905308481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

充填体能量参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号应变率/s-1入射能/J反射能/J透射能/J吸收能/J反射能比率/%透射能比率/%吸收能比率/%吸能密度/(J·cm-3
20-7101.246.61636.7530.8909.10178.841.9119.520.185 5
20-1497.544.21734.2000.8979.12577.342.0320.640.186 0
20-2899.345.19735.0360.9009.13577.521.9920.210.186 2
35-796.743.73833.7130.8979.12377.082.0420.860.186 0
35-14102.647.67137.4850.9059.14478.631.8819.180.186 4
35-2897.144.10433.6620.9109.15276.332.0420.750.186 5
50-798.244.53834.3970.9019.14077.232.0220.520.186 3
50-1499.845.23534.9520.9099.15077.272.0120.230.186 5
50-28103.848.53438.0310.9139.16078.361.8818.870.186 7
65-799.445.20434.9600.9079.14977.342.0120.240.186 5
65-14102.547.36836.9510.9149.16078.011.9319.340.186 7
65-2895.242.38231.8220.9179.16775.092.1621.630.186 9
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365005971782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Fitting equation between curing time and energy absorption density

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养护温度/℃养护龄期/d拟合方程R2P
207~28ρ20=0.186-2.000×10-3×0.886x0.9980.027
357~28ρ35=0.187-1.750×10-3×0.858x0.9980.017
507~28ρ50=0.187-8.960×10-4×0.917x0.9990.024
657~28ρ65=0.187-9.000×10-4×0.896x0.9990.022
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365073080652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

养护龄期与吸能密度拟合方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护温度/℃养护龄期/d拟合方程R2P
207~28ρ20=0.186-2.000×10-3×0.886x0.9980.027
357~28ρ35=0.187-1.750×10-3×0.858x0.9980.017
507~28ρ50=0.187-8.960×10-4×0.917x0.9990.024
657~28ρ65=0.187-9.000×10-4×0.896x0.9990.022
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365148578131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Fitting equation between curing time and transmissive energy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护温度/℃养护龄期/d拟合方程R2P
207~28E20=0.901-0.028 4×0.870x0.9980.019
357~28E35=0.912-0.030 1×0.904x0.9990.025
507~28E50=0.914-0.029 8×0.883x0.9990.028
657~28E65=0.918-0.029 1×0.871x0.9980.031
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365232464216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

养护龄期与透射能拟合方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护温度/℃养护龄期/d拟合方程R2P
207~28E20=0.901-0.028 4×0.870x0.9980.019
357~28E35=0.912-0.030 1×0.904x0.9990.025
507~28E50=0.914-0.029 8×0.883x0.9990.028
657~28E65=0.918-0.029 1×0.871x0.9980.031
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365316350302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Fitting equation between curing temperature and energy absorption density

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养护龄期/d养护温度/℃拟合方程R2P
720~65ρ7=0.187-0.002 47×0.969x0.9990.032
1420~65ρ14=0.187-0.001 73×0.963x0.9770.027
2820~65ρ28=0.188-0.001 89×0.985x0.9980.021
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365412819299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

养护温度与吸能密度拟合方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护龄期/d养护温度/℃拟合方程R2P
720~65ρ7=0.187-0.002 47×0.969x0.9990.032
1420~65ρ14=0.187-0.001 73×0.963x0.9770.027
2820~65ρ28=0.188-0.001 89×0.985x0.9980.021
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365526065514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Fitting equation between curing temperature and transmissive energy

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养护龄期/d养护温度/℃拟合方程R2P
720~65E7=0.937-0.056 5×0.991x0.9980.014
1420~65E14=0.927-0.042 3×0.983x0.9960.032
2820~65E28=0.920-0.043 0×0.960x0.9890.018
), ArticleFig(id=1240651365660283248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631873748127891, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

养护温度与透射能拟合方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养护龄期/d养护温度/℃拟合方程R2P
720~65E7=0.937-0.056 5×0.991x0.9980.014
1420~65E14=0.927-0.042 3×0.983x0.9960.032
2820~65E28=0.920-0.043 0×0.960x0.9890.018
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温度效应下胶结充填体动态强度及能量演化特征
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吴琼 1 , 郭进平 1 , 王小林 1 , 张超 1 , 刘非 2 , 侯展娜 1 , 李婷婷 1
矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025,45(1): 27-34
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矿冶工程杂志 | 采矿 2025, 45(1): 27-34
温度效应下胶结充填体动态强度及能量演化特征
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吴琼1 , 郭进平1 , 王小林1, 张超1, 刘非2, 侯展娜1, 李婷婷1
作者信息
  • 1.西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 2.西北有色地质矿业集团有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 吴琼(1999—),男,江苏淮安人,硕士,从事矿山充填开采理论与技术研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

郭进平(1970—),男,湖北当阳人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,从事复杂矿床开采理论与技术研究。E-mail:
Effect of Temperature on Strength and Energy Evolution Characteristics of Cemented Backfill Mass Under Dynamic Loading
Qiong WU1 , Jinping GUO1 , Xiaolin WANG1, Chao ZHANG1, Fei LIU2, Zhanna HOU1, Tingting LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
  • 2.Northwest Nonferrous Geological and Mining Group Limited, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
出版时间: 2025-02-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.005
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为分析不同温度条件下胶结充填体在动载作用下的强度变化特征,采用SHPB冲击试验,结合能量演化过程开展胶结充填体动态力学特性研究。结果表明:胶结充填体动态抗压强度随着养护温度提高而提高,破坏后发生明显的劈裂拉伸破坏;不同养护温度下充填体的应力应变曲线具有相似性,均可划分为似弹性阶段、塑性变形阶段、峰后破坏阶段3个阶段。充填体具有波阻抗效应,在近似应变率(100 s-1)条件下,冲击过程中77%左右能量被反射,2%左右能量透射穿充填体。随着养护龄期及养护温度提高,充填体吸能密度和透射能均上升。微观分析结果表明,随着养护温度提高,胶结充填体内部水化反应速率提升,水化程度增加且水化产物增多,充填体内部孔隙被水化产物填充,形成更加致密的微观结构,进一步证实了养护温度的提高能促进充填体早期强度的提升。

深部开采  /  胶结充填  /  冲击动载  /  养护温度  /  养护龄期  /  动态抗压强度  /  能量演化  /  温度效应

In order to analyze the strength variation characteristics of cemented backfill mass at different temperatures under dynamic loading, a SHPB impact test was performed to study the mechanical properties of cemented backfill mass under dynamic loading during the energy evolution process. The results show that the compressive strength of the cemented backfill mass under dynamic loading increases as the curing temperature rises, and presents obvious splitting tensile failure. It is also found that the stress-strain curves of backfill mass at different curing temperatures are similar, all consisting of three stages: quasi-elastic stage, plastic deformation stage and post-peak failure stage. The backfill mass experiences a wave impedance effect. At an approximate strain rate (100 s-1), about 77% of the energy is reflected and about 2% of the energy is transmitted through the backfill mass during the impact process. As the curing time is prolonged and the curing temperature rises, the energy absorption density and transmissive energy of the backfill mass increase. The micro-analysis shows that with the rise of curing temperature, the internal hydration reaction of backfill mass occurs at a higher rate, leading to higher degree of hydration and more hydration products. Those hydration products gradually fill in the internal pores of backfill mass, resulting in denser microstructure. It further confirms that increasing curing temperature can improve the early strength of backfill mass.

deep mining  /  cemented backfill  /  dynamic impact load  /  curing temperature  /  curing time  /  compressive strength under dynamic load  /  energy evolution  /  temperature effect
吴琼, 郭进平, 王小林, 张超, 刘非, 侯展娜, 李婷婷. 温度效应下胶结充填体动态强度及能量演化特征. 矿冶工程杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 27 -34 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.005
Qiong WU, Jinping GUO, Xiaolin WANG, Chao ZHANG, Fei LIU, Zhanna HOU, Tingting LI. Effect of Temperature on Strength and Energy Evolution Characteristics of Cemented Backfill Mass Under Dynamic Loading[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2025 , 45 (1) : 27 -34 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.005
随着浅部矿产资源渐趋枯竭,深部开采已成为矿业发展的必然趋势。在深部开采中,充填采矿法不仅能实现矿山无废开采,而且能够有效回收矿柱资源、控制地表沉降与管理地压,是绿色开采的发展方向和必然选择[1-3]。但充填体在深部采场中,会受到周围爆破等动载扰动,以及高岩温环境的影响[4-5]。因此,非常有必要对充填体在温度效应下的力学特性进行研究。
目前,众多学者对充填体的动态力学特性开展了大量研究,并获得了卓有成效的研究成果[6-17]。这些研究对充填体在动载荷作用下破坏损伤机理进行了较好地解释,但主要是基于常温条件下进行的充填体特性分析,养护温度与井下实际温度有较大差别,不同温度下充填体水化反应会出现较大差异。鉴于此,本文控制充填体养护温度分别为20、35、50、65 ℃,养护龄期分别为7、14、28 d,采用分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验系统对充填体进行单轴冲击试验,探究不同养护温度与养护龄期条件下充填体的动态抗压强度及能量演化变化规律。
充填体由某铁矿的全尾砂、P.O 42.5普通硅酸盐水泥和实验室自来水制备而成。全尾砂化学成分见表1,粒径分布曲线如图1所示,中值粒径d50为219.45 μm,不均匀系数Cu与曲率系数Cc分别为12.57和2.08,级配良好。
利用SHPB试验系统进行充填体试件动态单轴冲击试验,配合测速仪与超动态应变仪完成数据采集,试验装置如图2所示。该SHPB试验系统入射杆长3 m,透射杆长2.5 m,杆直径50 mm,杆件材料为合金钢,撞击杆(子弹)长0.4 m,杆件弹性模量206 GPa,密度7.74 g/cm3,在冲击充填体试件前需确保子弹头与压杆同轴,充填体试件端面进行打磨和抛光后保证端面平整,以便能与入射杆及透射杆紧密贴合,且试件与压杆的轴心在同一直线上。
在试验中,需对试件两端是否达到应力平衡进行检验[18]。根据一维应力波理论和应力平衡假设,试件的应力、应变、平均应变率与时间的关系[19]分别为:
式中:σs为试件的动态应力,MPa;A0为入射杆的横截面积,mm2As为试件的横截面积,mm2E0为杆件的弹性模量,GPa;ls为试件的厚度,mm;C0为弹性应力波波速,m/s;εs为试件的动态应变;为试件的动态应变率;εTεR分别为透射应变、反射应变。
采用自制的亚克力圆柱体模具(Φ50×H25 mm)制备充填体试件,过程如下:制备灰砂比(质量比)1∶4、质量分数78%的充填料浆;将充填料浆浇筑于模具中,振荡搅拌均匀后放入HWS-150高温高湿养护箱中养护,养护箱可控制温度范围0~75 ℃,误差±0.5 ℃;24 h后脱模,养护箱温度分别设定为20、35、50、65 ℃,湿度设定为95%,养护龄期7、14、28 d;达到养护龄期后,采用端面打磨机对试件上下表面进行打磨,确保试件平整度小于0.02 mm;对打磨平整后的试件进行冲击试验:采用0.1 MPa的冲击气压,撞击杆(子弹)进入发射管1.2 m且保持每次试验的深度固定不变,控制冲击速度4.5 m/s左右,应变率约100 s-1,并借助数据处理软件对结果进行分析处理;试验结束后选取1 cm3充填体制备扫描电镜样品,使用导电胶将试件粘接到可导电铁片上,再对试件喷碳镀膜确保其导电性良好,观察充填体微观形貌特征。
试件养护龄期分别达到7、14、28 d时,对不同养护温度条件下的充填体进行近似应变率单轴冲击试验,得到充填体的应力-应变曲线如图3所示。由图3可知,不同养护温度条件下充填体应力-应变曲线具有相似性,均可划分为3个阶段。
1)似弹性阶段:该阶段应力-应变曲线近似于一条直线。子弹撞击入射杆后,应力波与试件的交界面发生透射和反射,试件从外界吸收的能量大部分转化为弹性应变能积聚在试件内部,其原始微裂隙周边产生应力集中,小部分能量转化为耗散能用于微裂隙缓慢发育,试件整体处于弹性变形,直至试件内部应力达到均匀。
2)塑性变形阶段:应力-应变曲线走势放缓,表现为上凸形曲线。试件内部积聚的应变能逐渐释放,吸收的能量全部转化为耗散能,在二者共同作用下,其内部原始裂纹和新生裂纹开始迅速扩展,原始损伤不断累积,逐渐达到应力峰值。其中,养护龄期达到7 d时,20、35、50、65 ℃条件下养护的充填体动态峰值强度分别为10.78、12.57、14.10、15.15 MPa。
3)峰后破坏阶段:随着加载过程的持续,试件内部微裂隙逐渐发育成贯穿裂纹,在此阶段试件表面产生一条或多条与荷载方向平行的宏观裂纹,试件沿着这些裂纹发生劈裂拉伸破坏。但不同养护温度条件下充填体呈现的峰后破坏阶段曲线特征有所不同,在35、50、65 ℃条件下养护14、28 d时,充填体试件的应力应变曲线出现“骤降”现象。其原因主要是在高应变率加载条件下,试件迅速产生大量裂纹并形成宏观破裂面,继而产生整体破坏,曲线迅速跌落至残余强度,后续不再继续产生应变。
图4为不同养护龄期充填体动态抗压强度变化图,采用Asymptotic模型进行拟合,拟合效果良好。养护温度20 ℃时,充填体14 d抗压强度较7 d抗压强度增长了1.85 MPa,28 d抗压强度较14 d抗压强度增长了0.59 MPa。养护温度65 ℃时,充填体14 d抗压强度较7 d抗压强度增长了2.00 MPa,28 d抗压强度较14 d抗压强度增长了1.93 MPa。不同龄期的充填体,养护温度越高,动态抗压强度增量也越大,但养护龄期14~28 d的抗压强度增量不及7~14 d的抗压强度增量。相同养护温度条件下,充填体动态抗压强度随着养护龄期增加先快速增长后趋于平缓。养护龄期与动态抗压强度拟合方程如表2所示。
图5为不同养护温度胶结充填体的动态抗压强度变化图,采用Asymptotic模型进行拟合,拟合效果良好。不同养护龄期充填体动态抗压强度均随着养护温度提高而提高,说明提高养护温度有助于提升充填体动态抗压强度。养护温度与动态抗压强度拟合方程如表3所示。
充填体变形破坏过程伴随着能量转移和转化。在冲击荷载作用下,充填体内部裂纹孔隙的扩展演化及破坏实质是能量耗散的结果[20]。在动态加载过程中,当子弹头撞击入射杆时,会产生入射能EI,然后在试件与杆的界面处反射一部分能量,为反射能ER,其余的能量传递到试件,一部分被试件吸收,对试件造成破坏,为吸收能EA,一部分能量穿透试件,为透射能ET。根据试验得到的入射应力σI、反射应力σR和投射应力σT,可以计算出撞击时的能量,公式[21]为:
式中:ρ为杆密度,g/cm3τ为应力波的持续时间,μs;EIERET分别为试件入射能、反射能、透射能,J。根据能量守恒定律,可以得到试件的吸收能为:
反射能、透射能与吸收能的能量比率计算公式为:
吸能密度可以反映试件吸收能量的能力,计算公式为:
式中:ρE为吸能密度,J/cm3V为充填体体积,cm3
根据以上公式可计算得到充填体受动载作用下的各能量参数,结果如表4所示。
入射能来源于子弹撞击杆,试验为控制近似的应变率而采用相近的子弹冲击速度,所以不同养护龄期与养护温度条件下的充填体入射能比较接近。由表4可观察到,在动态加载过程中,绝大部分能量都被反射回去,充填体试件的反射能比率在77%左右,仅有微小的能量穿透试件,透射能比率在2%左右,这是因为充填体内部存在较密集的裂隙及孔隙,波阻抗较低,应力波较难透过试件。试件的吸收能比率均在20%左右,试件吸收能量主要用于试件原生孔隙的压密、裂隙的衍生及扩展。
不同养护龄期下充填体吸能密度、透射能的变化如图67所示。相同养护温度下,充填体吸能密度随着养护龄期增加而增加,且增长速度逐渐减缓,养护龄期达到28 d时趋于平稳。主要原因是随着养护龄期增加,充填体内部微观结构会变得越来越紧凑致密[22],试件内部微观裂隙的扩展贯通演化到试件最终破坏需要吸收更多的能量。但随着养护龄期增加,充填体动态抗压强度趋于稳定,所以充填体吸能密度也会随着养护龄期增加而趋于稳定。充填体透射能亦随着养护龄期增加而增长,增长趋势与吸能密度增长趋势较为相近。吸能密度、透射能与养护龄期拟合方程如表56所示,拟合效果良好。
不同养护温度下充填体吸能密度、透射能的变化如图89所示。相同养护龄期下,充填体吸能密度与透射能皆随着养护温度升高而增长,但充填体透射能增幅较小。其原因在于,虽然提高养护温度有助于充填体的水化反应形成致密的微观结构,但其内部仍存在孔隙与裂隙,这与钢制入射杆的材质存在较大差异,导致二者的波阻抗也存在较大差异。当应力波传播至试件的端面后,由于波阻抗效应,应力波很难透射过试件[23]。吸能密度、透射能与养护温度拟合方程如表78所示,拟合效果良好。
充填体内部裂隙衍生、扩展是能量演化的过程,充填体受动态冲击后最终破坏程度是自身强度的体现,也是能量演化的结果。胶结充填体属于水泥基材料,水泥水化反应程度与温度密切相关[24]图10为养护温度分别为20、35、50、65 ℃时充填体在养护龄期达到28 d时的微观形貌。由图10可观察到,胶结充填体的微观结构主要由纤维状及絮状水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)、交错针状钙矾石(AFt)以及板状氢氧化钙(C-H)组成。养护温度20 ℃时,胶结充填体内部微观结构相对疏松,多孔且多裂隙,水化产物之间的连接性较差,使得胶结充填体内部产生大量孔隙水化。养护温度65 ℃时,胶结充填体内部的连接作用加深,絮状C-S-H之间包裹着AFt和C-H,使之形成致密的复杂网状结构,且C-S-H胶凝体较好地包裹了尾砂颗粒,使得充填体内部水化产物之间形成了较为整体的连接方式,颗粒间的孔隙被水化产物填充,从而使得孔隙体积逐渐降低。
由此可知,温度升高,胶结充填体内部水化反应速率升高,水化程度增加且水化产物增多,胶结充填体内部孔隙被水化产物填充,形成更加致密的微观结构,从而增强抵抗外界动态扰动的能力。这表明养护温度的提升能促进胶结充填体整体强度的提升。
1)升高养护温度和增加养护龄期,充填体动态抗压强度均增长。
2)养护温度升高使胶结充填体内部水化反应速率升高,水化程度增加且水化产物增多,胶结充填体内部微观结构更为致密,从而抵抗外界动态扰动的能力越强,说明提高养护温度能促进胶结充填体早期强度的提升。
3)充填体的波阻抗较钢制杆差异较大,冲击过程中77%左右能量被反射,2%左右能量透射过充填体。充填体吸收的能量主要用于充填体原生孔隙的压密、裂隙的衍生扩展。充填体的吸能密度与透射能随着养护龄期与养护温度增加呈上升趋势。
  • 陕西省自然科学基金(2024JC-YBQN-0507)
  • 国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20232063)
  • 陕西省博士后科研项目(2023BSHYDZZ142)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2025.01.005
  • 接收时间:2024-08-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-14
基金
陕西省自然科学基金(2024JC-YBQN-0507)
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20232063)
陕西省博士后科研项目(2023BSHYDZZ142)
作者信息
    1.西安建筑科技大学 资源工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2.西北有色地质矿业集团有限公司,陕西 西安 710054

通讯作者:

郭进平(1970—),男,湖北当阳人,副教授,硕士研究生导师,从事复杂矿床开采理论与技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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