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When ultra-high strength steel with tensile strength more than 1 600 MPa and BS700 high-strength steel with tensile strength more than 760 MPa are joined together by metal active gas welding, weld cracks are prone to occur in the seam of joint. To solve this problem, comparative welding tests were performed by using ER70-G or ER307Mo welding wire with diameter of 1.0 mm, respectively, with initial welding current of 160-180 A, voltage of 21-24 V, and final welding current of 190-210 A, voltage of 23-26 V. The comparison of process and weldability show that welding with ER307Mo can lead to the sample with bending property obviously better than that by welding with ER70-G. The sample after welding with ER70-G can be found to have micro-cracks not going through the whole cross section of welding seam, with cracking rate on the cross section of seam reaching 35.29%, but no cracks are found on the section of welding seam by using ER307Mo. It is concluded that the ER307Mo welding wire is more suitable for welding ultra-high strength steel and BS700 high strength steel. The study has solved the cracking problem in the joint of ultra-high strength steel and BS700 high strength steel, which can provide a solution for the welding of dissimilar high-strength steel with larger difference in tensile strength.

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采用熔化极活性气体保护焊对抗拉强度大于1 600 MPa的超高强钢与抗拉强度大于760 MPa的BS700高强钢进行焊接时,组合接头焊缝易出现焊接裂纹,为解决该问题,使用直径1.0 mm的ER70-G焊材或ER307Mo焊材,在打底焊接电流160~180 A、电压21~24 V,盖面焊接电流190~210 A、电压23~26 V条件下开展了焊接对比试验。工艺性和焊接性试验结果表明,使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样弯曲性能明显优于使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样;使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样焊缝存在未贯穿的微裂纹,焊缝断面裂纹率达到35.29%;使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样焊缝断面未发现裂纹。ER307Mo焊材更适合超高强钢与BS700高强钢的焊接。试验解决了超高强钢与BS700高强钢组合接头的开裂问题,为抗拉强度相差较大的异种高强钢的焊接提供了解决方案。

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王德军(1970—),男,山东临沂人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为焊接制造技术及工装设计制造。E-mail:

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王德军(1970—),男,山东临沂人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为焊接制造技术及工装设计制造。E-mail:

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MAG焊过程中热输入对DL510超高强钢焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 矿冶工程, 2023, 43(3): 151-155., articleTitle=MAG焊过程中热输入对DL510超高强钢焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651349843570845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651349860348064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, companyId=1240651349843570845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Technology Center of Sanhe Intelligent Special Equipment Co Ltd, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651349881319588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, companyId=1240651349843570845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山河智能特种装备有限公司 技术中心,湖南 长沙 410100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651349990371509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651350002954428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, companyId=1240651349990371509, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hunan Provincial Research Center of Geotechnical Construction Equipment and Control Engineering Technology, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651350011343032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, companyId=1240651349990371509, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖南省岩土施工装备与控制工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651350128783553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651350141366466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, companyId=1240651350128783553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Technology Department of Hunan Fuli Technology Co Ltd, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651350145560772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, companyId=1240651350128783553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖南福力科技有限公司 技术部,湖南 长沙 410100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651354004320915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qST/K7IrnIGJnCJzQaR3hw==, figureFileBig=J5+yXdoeztLrWjl62bpSsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651354130150048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=图1, caption=试板尺寸示意图(单位:mm)

(a)力学性能检测试板尺寸及取样位置;(b)Y型坡口试板尺寸图;(c)T型接头试板尺寸图;(d)巴东试验试板尺寸图

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(a)ER70-G焊材,相控阵检测;(b)ER70-G焊材,磁粉检测;(c)ER307Mo焊材,相控阵检测;(d)ER307Mo焊材,磁粉检测

, figureFileSmall=TPXwxmX5Al8KBS4eWrNy0g==, figureFileBig=+5v2KoTIXyf5afXseVMYgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651354587329224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3E61XCSA7Ai0wOncYIoZ9w==, figureFileBig=+qLbvOYBmeU9J4GuVYpHFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651354700575441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=图3, caption=组合接头焊缝金相图片

(a)ER70-G焊材,低倍金相;(b)ER70-G焊材,高倍金相;(c)ER307Mo焊材,低倍金相;(d)ER307Mo焊材,高倍金相

, figureFileSmall=3E61XCSA7Ai0wOncYIoZ9w==, figureFileBig=+qLbvOYBmeU9J4GuVYpHFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651354822210271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qOJ4m63j6FVsynTywLv2Fw==, figureFileBig=g1fa2nSOJ116i2UrGgasBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651354931262191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Y型坡口焊接裂纹宏观及断面形貌

(a)ER70-G焊材,斜Y型坡口焊接;(b)ER70-G焊材,断面;(c)ER307Mo,斜Y型坡口焊接;(d)ER307Mo,断面

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(a)试制产品骨架焊接;(b)试制骨架蒙皮焊接

, figureFileSmall=vamXDQr8mBJ0TZZm6ypG5w==, figureFileBig=CPHNGnVuiMwyBe7iW8BIkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651356910973874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jwodzPMSmuomDjrzqQJ5uQ==, figureFileBig=2dKr8UuvAarSwv1pFfy3Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651357057774536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=图12, caption=两种焊材所得焊接产品的射线检测结果

(a)ER70-G焊材,横向裂纹;(b)ER70-G焊材,纵向裂纹;(c)ER307Mo焊材,直焊缝;(d)ER307Mo焊材,圆形焊缝

, figureFileSmall=jwodzPMSmuomDjrzqQJ5uQ==, figureFileBig=2dKr8UuvAarSwv1pFfy3Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651357380735969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称CSiMnPSCrTiMoVNbNi
超高强钢(J钢)0.40~0.45≤0.301.30~1.60≤0.015≤0.0050.70~1.100.05~0.100.25~0.35///
BS700高强钢≤0.12≤0.60≤1.75≤0.025≤0.015/≤0.22≤0.50≤0.20≤0.09/
ER70-G≤0.08≤0.58≤1.58≤0.007≤0.005//≤0.38//≤0.85
ER307Mo≤0.10≤0.803.5~5.5≤0.030≤0.02516.0~19.0≤0.250.50~2.0/≤0.206.0~9.0
), ArticleFig(id=1240651357502370799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试板母材、焊材化学成分(质量分数)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称CSiMnPSCrTiMoVNbNi
超高强钢(J钢)0.40~0.45≤0.301.30~1.60≤0.015≤0.0050.70~1.100.05~0.100.25~0.35///
BS700高强钢≤0.12≤0.60≤1.75≤0.025≤0.015/≤0.22≤0.50≤0.20≤0.09/
ER70-G≤0.08≤0.58≤1.58≤0.007≤0.005//≤0.38//≤0.85
ER307Mo≤0.10≤0.803.5~5.5≤0.030≤0.02516.0~19.0≤0.250.50~2.0/≤0.206.0~9.0
), ArticleFig(id=1240651357611422717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称抗拉强度Rm/MPa屈服强度Re/MPa伸长率A/%
超高强钢≥1 600≥1 350≥8
BS700高强钢≥760≥730≥25
ER70-G≥690≥600≥14
ER307Mo≥550≥500≥25
), ArticleFig(id=1240651357766610955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试板母材和焊材的机械力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料名称抗拉强度Rm/MPa屈服强度Re/MPa伸长率A/%
超高强钢≥1 600≥1 350≥8
BS700高强钢≥760≥730≥25
ER70-G≥690≥600≥14
ER307Mo≥550≥500≥25
), ArticleFig(id=1240651357921800216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层级道次焊丝直径D/mm电流I/A电压U/V焊接速度v/(cm·min-1气体流量Q/(L·min-1热输入E/(kJ·cm-1
打底焊接11.0160~18021~2430~4020~254.7
盖面焊接21.0190~21023~2620~3020~258.1
), ArticleFig(id=1240651358068600877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主要焊接参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层级道次焊丝直径D/mm电流I/A电压U/V焊接速度v/(cm·min-1气体流量Q/(L·min-1热输入E/(kJ·cm-1
打底焊接11.0160~18021~2430~4020~254.7
盖面焊接21.0190~21023~2620~3020~258.1
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检验总项目检验分项目计量单位标准值检验结果单项判定备注
拉伸试验抗拉强度RmMPa≥550675~750合格拉伸接头
断裂位置/断焊缝断焊缝合格
冲击功(KV2,-40 ℃)/J≥410~34合格热影响区
17~18合格焊缝区
弯曲试验正弯/按标准规定(d≤8aα=90°~180°)180°完好合格a为试板厚度,α为弯曲角度
正弯180°完好合格
背弯180°完好合格
背弯180°完好合格
), ArticleFig(id=1240651358399950918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

使用ER307Mo焊丝的力学性能试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验总项目检验分项目计量单位标准值检验结果单项判定备注
拉伸试验抗拉强度RmMPa≥550675~750合格拉伸接头
断裂位置/断焊缝断焊缝合格
冲击功(KV2,-40 ℃)/J≥410~34合格热影响区
17~18合格焊缝区
弯曲试验正弯/按标准规定(d≤8aα=90°~180°)180°完好合格a为试板厚度,α为弯曲角度
正弯180°完好合格
背弯180°完好合格
背弯180°完好合格
), ArticleFig(id=1240651358525780055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验项目检验分项目计量单位标准值检验结果单项判定备注
拉伸试验抗拉强度RmMPa≥690787~828合格拉伸接头
断裂位置/断焊缝断焊缝合格
冲击功(KV2,-40 ℃)/J≥418~32合格热影响区
13~19合格焊缝区
弯曲试验正弯/按标准规定(d≤8aα=90°~180°)120°完好合格a为试板厚度,α为弯曲角度
正弯180°完好合格
背弯120°完好合格
背弯180°完好合格
), ArticleFig(id=1240651358659997798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631744169300303, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

使用ER70-G焊丝的力学性能试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验项目检验分项目计量单位标准值检验结果单项判定备注
拉伸试验抗拉强度RmMPa≥690787~828合格拉伸接头
断裂位置/断焊缝断焊缝合格
冲击功(KV2,-40 ℃)/J≥418~32合格热影响区
13~19合格焊缝区
弯曲试验正弯/按标准规定(d≤8aα=90°~180°)120°完好合格a为试板厚度,α为弯曲角度
正弯180°完好合格
背弯120°完好合格
背弯180°完好合格
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基于不同焊材的超高强钢与BS700高强钢焊接接头裂纹的试验研究
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王德军 1, 2 , 王彤 2, 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024,44(3): 176-181
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024, 44(3): 176-181
基于不同焊材的超高强钢与BS700高强钢焊接接头裂纹的试验研究
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王德军1, 2 , 王彤2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山河智能特种装备有限公司 技术中心,湖南 长沙 410100
  • 2.湖南省岩土施工装备与控制工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410100
  • 3.湖南福力科技有限公司 技术部,湖南 长沙 410100
  • 王德军(1970—),男,山东临沂人,高级工程师,主要研究方向为焊接制造技术及工装设计制造。E-mail:

Experimental Study on Cracks in Welding Joints of Ultra-high Strength Steel and BS700 High Strength Steel with Different Welding Materials
Dejun WANG1, 2 , Tong WANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Technology Center of Sanhe Intelligent Special Equipment Co Ltd, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China
  • 2.Hunan Provincial Research Center of Geotechnical Construction Equipment and Control Engineering Technology, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China
  • 3.Technology Department of Hunan Fuli Technology Co Ltd, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.037
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采用熔化极活性气体保护焊对抗拉强度大于1 600 MPa的超高强钢与抗拉强度大于760 MPa的BS700高强钢进行焊接时,组合接头焊缝易出现焊接裂纹,为解决该问题,使用直径1.0 mm的ER70-G焊材或ER307Mo焊材,在打底焊接电流160~180 A、电压21~24 V,盖面焊接电流190~210 A、电压23~26 V条件下开展了焊接对比试验。工艺性和焊接性试验结果表明,使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样弯曲性能明显优于使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样;使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样焊缝存在未贯穿的微裂纹,焊缝断面裂纹率达到35.29%;使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样焊缝断面未发现裂纹。ER307Mo焊材更适合超高强钢与BS700高强钢的焊接。试验解决了超高强钢与BS700高强钢组合接头的开裂问题,为抗拉强度相差较大的异种高强钢的焊接提供了解决方案。

焊接  /  超高强钢  /  高强钢  /  焊接接头  /  裂纹  /  焊材  /  刚性拘束  /  熔化极活性气体保护焊  /  异种钢焊接  /  轻量化

When ultra-high strength steel with tensile strength more than 1 600 MPa and BS700 high-strength steel with tensile strength more than 760 MPa are joined together by metal active gas welding, weld cracks are prone to occur in the seam of joint. To solve this problem, comparative welding tests were performed by using ER70-G or ER307Mo welding wire with diameter of 1.0 mm, respectively, with initial welding current of 160-180 A, voltage of 21-24 V, and final welding current of 190-210 A, voltage of 23-26 V. The comparison of process and weldability show that welding with ER307Mo can lead to the sample with bending property obviously better than that by welding with ER70-G. The sample after welding with ER70-G can be found to have micro-cracks not going through the whole cross section of welding seam, with cracking rate on the cross section of seam reaching 35.29%, but no cracks are found on the section of welding seam by using ER307Mo. It is concluded that the ER307Mo welding wire is more suitable for welding ultra-high strength steel and BS700 high strength steel. The study has solved the cracking problem in the joint of ultra-high strength steel and BS700 high strength steel, which can provide a solution for the welding of dissimilar high-strength steel with larger difference in tensile strength.

welding  /  ultra-high strength steel  /  high strength steel  /  welding joint  /  crack  /  welding materials  /  rigid constraint  /  metal active gas (MAG) welding  /  dissimilar steel welding  /  lightweight
王德军, 王彤. 基于不同焊材的超高强钢与BS700高强钢焊接接头裂纹的试验研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 176 -181 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.037
Dejun WANG, Tong WANG. Experimental Study on Cracks in Welding Joints of Ultra-high Strength Steel and BS700 High Strength Steel with Different Welding Materials[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (3) : 176 -181 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.037
低合金高强钢通常指抗拉强度500~1 200 MPa并考虑焊接性而生产制造的钢材,抗拉强度在1 200 MPa以上的称超高强钢[1];低合金高强钢和超高强钢组成的焊接结构不仅具有较高的抗拉强度和屈强比,同时兼具较好的塑韧性,被广泛应用于工程机械、压力容器、海洋工程、军用装备等钢结构领域[2-4]。BS700高强钢的抗拉强度不低于760 MPa,是一种低合金高强钢。为实现轻量化,本文选取了一种抗拉强度不低于1 600 MPa、屈服强度不低于1 350 MPa、伸长率不低于8%的超高强钢(以下简称J钢),并将J钢与BS700高强钢组合成一种焊接接头,获得一种强度高、塑性好的异种钢焊接结构。J钢具有较大的淬硬倾向,焊接冷裂敏感性较大,易导致焊接接头脆化,所以热影响区容易产生冷裂纹[5-7];车用焊接结构件存在较大残余应力时,会严重影响车辆的使用性能[8-11]。为解决以上问题,基于相同焊接参数,分别使用ER70-G和ER307Mo焊材焊接J钢与BS700高强钢,寻找更适合2种异种钢焊接的焊材。
焊接试板母材为J钢板和BS700高强钢板,应用熔化极活性气体保护焊(Metal Active Gas Arc Welding,MAG)进行焊接[12],填充材料分别为直径1.0 mm的ER70-G焊材和ER307Mo焊材,以多层多道的焊接方式得到J钢与BS700高强钢组合接头(以下简称组合接头)。试板母材和焊材的化学成分、机械力学性能分别如表1表2所示。
焊接保护气体为80%Ar+20%CO2混合气体,MAG焊接主要参数如表3所示。
本文通过工艺性试验和焊接性试验确定焊接组合接头的合适焊材。
工艺性试验依据GB/T 19869.1钢、镍及镍合金的焊接工艺评定试验标准要求,进行拉伸、弯曲、冲击等试验以及金相检验等。冲击试样按照GB/T 2650—2008的规定制作;拉伸试样按照GB/T 2651—2008的规定制作;弯曲试样按照GB/T 2653—2008的规定制作。力学性能检测试样尺寸和取样位置见图1(a)
焊接性试验依据GB 4675.1—84斜Y型坡口焊接裂纹试验方法、GB 4675.3—84 T型接头焊接裂纹试验方法和GB/T 13817—92对接接头刚性拘束焊接裂纹试验方法,对Y型坡口接头、T型接头及对接接头进行射线探伤及表面裂纹检测;试样形状和尺寸见图1(b)~(d)
刚性固定对接裂纹试验又称巴东拘束对接裂纹试验,简称巴东试验,是一种用于评估焊接材料及其焊接工艺抗裂性的重要试验方法。巴东试验遵循GB/T 13817—92规定。
所有试样均采用线切割方式获得。
分别使用直径1.0 mm的ER70-G和ER307Mo焊材焊接J钢与BS700高强钢,组合接头无损探伤检测结果见图2。应用相控阵检测仪对组合接头焊缝做无损探伤检测,焊缝内部均未发现气孔、裂纹等缺陷(图2(a)、(c));对焊缝表面进行磁粉检测,未发现裂纹(图2(b)、(d))。无损探伤检测结果表明,使用2种焊材焊接的组合接头焊缝内部及外部质量均合格,且区别不明显。
图3为组合接头焊缝的金相图片。由图3可见,分别使用ER70-G和ER307Mo焊材焊接的组合接头,低倍金相图片皆显示试样熔合均匀,熔深正常;高倍金相图片显示靠近J钢一侧热影响区的金相均为马氏体加微量铁素体,且热影响区无裂纹等缺陷出现。检测结果表明,使用2种焊材焊接的焊缝,通过低倍和高倍金相检测对比,区别不明显。
按照GB/T 2653—2008焊接接头弯曲试验、GB/T 2651—2008焊接接头拉伸试验、GB/T 2650—2008焊接接头冲击功试验的要求,对2种焊材焊接的组合接头分别进行拉伸、弯曲、冲击试验,结果见表45。由表可知,拉伸试验中,使用ER70-G焊材时抗拉强度中值比使用ER307Mo焊材时高95 MPa,ER70-G焊材的焊接效果更好;弯曲试验中,使用ER307Mo焊材时试样弯曲直径最佳可达到1.8a,远远优于8a的要求,且弯曲无裂纹,优于ER70-G焊材;冲击功试验中,两者热影响区-40 ℃冲击功中值相差3 J,使用ER70-G焊材要好一些。
ER307Mo和ER70-G焊材焊接的组合接头检测数据都能达到标准值要求,但使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样抗拉强度与冲击功都优于使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样。使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样,弯曲试验结果明显优于使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样,弯曲180°无裂纹,弯曲直径最小可以达到1.8a;而使用ER70-G焊材焊接的部分试样只能弯曲到120°,否则会出现裂纹,甚至断裂。在拉伸、冲击功、弯曲等力学性能指标中,通常优先选择弯曲性能,因此对于J钢与BS700高强钢组合接头的焊接,优选ER307Mo焊材。
按照GB 4675.1—84要求,对2种焊材焊接的试样进行Y型坡口焊接裂纹试验。组合接头宏观形貌如图4(a)、(c)所示;采用表面裂纹、射线探伤等检测手段,对焊缝表面和内部进行对比检测,试板均合格;使用线切割方式,按图4(a)、(c)标线位置分割试样,对断面进行渗透着色检测,未发现裂纹,断面图片如图4(b)、(d)所示。
按照GB 4675.3—84要求,采用表面裂纹、射线探伤等检测手段,对2种焊材焊接的T型接头焊缝表面和内部进行检测,结果表明2种组合接头均合格;使用线切割方式在试样横向位置四等分切开,对断面进行渗透着色检测,均未发现裂纹,断面图片如图5所示。
将断面磨削,进行宏观检查,焊接热影响区域均无裂纹;随后进行金相观察,发现使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样存在未贯穿的微裂纹,此微裂纹相当小,可以视作隐藏裂纹,一般情况下不会开裂,但在拘束力足够大的时候会存在开裂风险,如图6所示。说明在T型接头焊接裂纹试验中所提供的拘束力,不能让ER70-G焊材焊接的焊缝通过微裂纹转化为裂纹源。
按照GB/T 13817—92要求进行巴东试验。ER70-G、ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样分别见图7图8。2组试样正面进行渗透着色表面裂纹检测,无裂纹出现;然后采用冷加工方法,将6件试板从拘束底板上取下,对试样背面进行渗透着色表面裂纹检测,未出现裂纹。
按照GB-T13817—92要求,从取下的试板中各随机选取一块,沿试验焊缝长度方向6等分,使用两种焊材的试板截取试样两组,见图9。每组得到6小块试样,随机2小块组合到一起,使用胶固定做成1个样块;两组试样共计做成6个样块,对检测面磨削加工,如图10所示。使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样焊缝断面,宏观检测未发现裂纹,如图10(a)所示;使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样的焊缝都发现了裂纹,如图10(b)所示。裂纹共4处,裂纹长度分别为:h1为4 mm,h2为3 mm,h3为3 mm,h4为2 mm,焊缝厚度分别为:S1为6 mm,S2为5.5 mm,S3为5.5 mm,S4为5 mm,S5为6 mm,S6为6 mm。
断面裂纹率计算公式如下:
式中hi为裂纹深度,mm;S为焊缝总厚度,mm;Cs为断面裂纹率,%。
通过对试验焊缝断面宏观腐蚀检测及断面裂纹率计算可知:在强大的拘束力作用下,使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样焊缝断面裂纹率达到35.29%,而使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样焊缝断面未发现裂纹。因此,J钢与BS700高强钢组合接头应选用ER307Mo焊材焊接。
某产品焊接结构复杂,焊缝纵横交错;焊缝产生的收缩力使焊缝之间形成了强大的拘束力,拘束力状态等同于巴东试验刚性拘束状态;为推广应用巴东试验的研究结果,选择在此产品上对巴东试验结果进行再现。
按照图纸焊接制造了产品如图11所示。随后对试制产品进行了射线检测,发现使用ER70-G焊材的产品出现了焊接缺陷,横向裂纹及纵向裂纹如图12(a)图12(b)圈标位置所示。使用ER307Mo焊材的产品没有出现焊接缺陷,如图12(c)~(d)所示。工程应用与巴东试验结果完全一致。因此,组合接头焊接建议选用ER307Mo焊材。
1)由ER307Mo或ER70-G焊材焊接的J钢和BS700高强钢组合接头在冲击、拉伸和弯曲试验中都表现出优异的力学性能。使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的组合接头的弯曲性能明显优于使用ER70-G焊材焊接的组合接头,弯曲180°无裂纹,弯曲直径最小可以达到1.8a;而使用ER70-G焊材焊接的组合接头只能弯曲到120°,否则会出现裂纹,甚至断裂。
2)金相观察发现,使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样存在未贯穿的微裂纹,此微裂纹相当小,可以视作隐藏裂纹,一般情况下不会开裂,T型接头焊接裂纹试验中所提供的拘束力不能让ER70-G焊材焊接的焊缝通过微裂纹转化为裂纹源。
3)在强大的拘束力作用下,使用ER70-G焊材焊接的试样焊缝断面裂纹率达到35.29%,使用ER307Mo焊材焊接的试样焊缝断面未发现裂纹,J钢与BS700高强钢组合接头焊接应该选用ER307Mo焊材。
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.037
  • 接收时间:2023-11-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-23
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    1.山河智能特种装备有限公司 技术中心,湖南 长沙 410100
    2.湖南省岩土施工装备与控制工程技术研究中心,湖南 长沙 410100
    3.湖南福力科技有限公司 技术部,湖南 长沙 410100
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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