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Article(id=1240631741937930474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631729627648823, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703174400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719257101, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1717171200000, pubDateStr=2024-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719257101, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719257101, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719257101, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240631729627648823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='181', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719254166, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773724083554, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240651985603580488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631729627648823, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240651985603580489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, issueId=1240631729627648823, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=149, endPage=155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240631743770841392, articleId=1240631741937930474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, language=EN, title=Application Analysis of Magnesium Alloy in Commercial Aircraft Engine Bracket, columnId=1236276108207902848, journalTitle=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, columnName=MATERIALS, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the current situation and demand in the field of commercial aircraft engine bracket, analysis and review of research progress in magnesium alloy were presented in terms of formability, corrosion resistance and flame retardancy, and the prospects of applications of magnesium alloys in aircraft engine bracket were also discussed.

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基于航空发动机支架领域现状与需求，针对镁合金成形性、耐蚀性和阻燃性等方面研究进展进行了分析和综述，并对镁合金支架的未来发展进行了展望。

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苗宏卫（1992—），男，山东烟台人，博士研究生，主要从事商用航空发动机外部管路与支承结构的轻量化设计与制造工作。E-mail：

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苗宏卫（1992—），男，山东烟台人，博士研究生，主要从事商用航空发动机外部管路与支承结构的轻量化设计与制造工作。E-mail：

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苗宏卫（1992—），男，山东烟台人，博士研究生，主要从事商用航空发动机外部管路与支承结构的轻量化设计与制造工作。E-mail：

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Corrosion Science, 2015, 92: 228-236., articleTitle=Effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of an as-forged Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651365366681953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=23, issue=11, pageStart=109, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=周娜, 董杰, 靳丽, journalName=材料导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周娜, 董杰, 靳丽, 等. 镁合金化阻燃的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2009, 23(11): 109-112., articleTitle=镁合金化阻燃的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651365454762344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=21, issue=11, pageStart=2799, pageEnd=2804, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=樊建锋, journalName=中国有色金属学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=樊建锋. Mg-Y-Ce阻燃镁合金表面膜的阻燃机理[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2011, 21(11): 2799-2804., articleTitle=Mg-Y-Ce阻燃镁合金表面膜的阻燃机理, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651357162623787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, awardId=52273318, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52273318), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651351810691322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651351823274238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, companyId=1240651351810691322, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd, Shanghai 200241, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651351831662848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, companyId=1240651351810691322, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司，上海　200241)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651351957491977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651351965880589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, companyId=1240651351957491977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651351978463502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, companyId=1240651351957491977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学　材料科学与工程学院，上海　200240)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651352175595801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651352200761630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, companyId=1240651352175595801, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651352217538848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, companyId=1240651352175595801, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖南师范大学　化学化工学院，湖南　长沙　410081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651355359072900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+xnWkNN0Xd5kWQbEOUg65Q==, figureFileBig=WHeQh7Hf81fI/gty92YcYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651355489096335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, language=CN, label=图1, caption=商用航空发动机支架分类

（a）钣金支架；（b）机加工支架；（c）铸造支架

, figureFileSmall=+xnWkNN0Xd5kWQbEOUg65Q==, figureFileBig=WHeQh7Hf81fI/gty92YcYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651355677840039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Jnl9vQhV1K1xa8571zW9mQ==, figureFileBig=sYL5l8JVzOae4y6796K2DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651355803669166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, language=CN, label=图2, caption=变形Mg-Zn-Gd合金的织构与成型能力

（a）不同合金织构图；（b）埃氏杯突实验；（c）不同挤压速度下棒材织构图；（d）不同挤压速度下棒材表面形貌

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（a）油路支架；（b）进气口基座；（c）壳体铸件；（d）支架铸件；（e）某型发动机机匣盖

, figureFileSmall=jIdUpgynfOOZN9GIw/zbMw==, figureFileBig=y3CFH5ccwxYd612xOjcxDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651356478952174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EP+cwqtVIIs4rp35mJUfZw==, figureFileBig=ourpoSK52UjczOIv2vDahQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651356629947131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980550691926019, articleId=1240631741937930474, language=CN, label=图5, caption=超疏水涂层的制备与疏水性质

（a）超疏水涂层的制备流程；（b）超疏水涂层的接触角随SH—SiO2含量的变化；（c）超疏水涂层表面上的水滴和水流形态

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（a）合金化镁合金组织；（b）动态极化曲线与阻抗谱；（c）镁合金固溶处理后组织

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镁合金在商用航空发动机支架领域的应用分析
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苗宏卫 1 , 黄华 2 , 杨立山 3
矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024,44(3): 149-155
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矿冶工程杂志 | 材料 2024, 44(3): 149-155
镁合金在商用航空发动机支架领域的应用分析
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苗宏卫1 , 黄华2, 杨立山3
作者信息
  • 1.中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司，上海　200241
  • 2.上海交通大学　材料科学与工程学院，上海　200240
  • 3.湖南师范大学　化学化工学院，湖南　长沙　410081

    • 苗宏卫（1992—），男，山东烟台人，博士研究生，主要从事商用航空发动机外部管路与支承结构的轻量化设计与制造工作。E-mail：

Application Analysis of Magnesium Alloy in Commercial Aircraft Engine Bracket
Hongwei MIAO1 , Hua HUANG2, Lishan YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd, Shanghai 200241, China
  • 2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 3.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
出版时间: 2024-06-01 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.032
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摘要
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基于航空发动机支架领域现状与需求，针对镁合金成形性、耐蚀性和阻燃性等方面研究进展进行了分析和综述，并对镁合金支架的未来发展进行了展望。

航空发动机  /  镁合金  /  支架  /  轻量化  /  成形性  /  耐蚀性  /  阻燃性

Based on the current situation and demand in the field of commercial aircraft engine bracket, analysis and review of research progress in magnesium alloy were presented in terms of formability, corrosion resistance and flame retardancy, and the prospects of applications of magnesium alloys in aircraft engine bracket were also discussed.

aircraft engine  /  magnesium alloy  /  bracket  /  lightweight  /  formability  /  corrosion resistance  /  flame retardancy
苗宏卫, 黄华, 杨立山. 镁合金在商用航空发动机支架领域的应用分析. 矿冶工程杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 149 -155 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.032
Hongwei MIAO, Hua HUANG, Lishan YANG. Application Analysis of Magnesium Alloy in Commercial Aircraft Engine Bracket[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024 , 44 (3) : 149 -155 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.032
正文
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商用航空发动机包含大量支架类零部件，用于支承和安装发动机各类附件、管路、电缆等，是保证航空发动机正常运转的必要结构。目前，商用航空发动机支架主要使用不锈钢、镍基高温合金、钛合金和铝合金等金属材料，通过机加工、铸造、钣金成形等方式制备而成。近年来，为满足大涵道比商用航空发动机在高推重比、低耗油率等方面的需求，急需对发动机结构件进行减重设计。作为最轻的金属结构材料之一，镁合金在商用航空发动机支架领域展现出良好的应用前景[1]。
镁合金密度约为1.74 g/cm3，仅为铝合金的2/3、钛合金的1/3、钢的1/4[2]；此外，镁合金具有比强度和比刚度高、资源丰富、电磁屏蔽性和阻尼减振性优异、切削加工性能良好以及易于回收和循环利用等优势，被誉为“21世纪绿色工程材料”[3-4]。目前，镁合金已逐步在航空航天、汽车、轨道交通、电子产品、医用材料等领域得到广泛应用[2,5-8]。在军机领域，国外的苏-27战斗机在蒙皮、长桁等部件使用镁合金材料，单机使用镁合金超过50 kg，减重效果明显；UH60“黑鹰”直升机、AH64“阿帕奇”直升机等机型的变速箱、罗-罗公司AE-3007发动机的中介机匣等均采用ZE41镁合金铸件[9]。在国内，先进高强耐热稀土镁合金材料已应用于新型号直升机的传动系统机匣、附件机匣外壳等结构件[10]。在商用飞机和发动机领域，Electron系列镁合金座椅框架于2012年通过了航空航天规范委员会和联邦航空管理局（FAA）的安全性测试，打破了之前飞机机舱中不得使用镁合金材料的禁令[11]。
航空发动机支架在服役过程中，不仅要承受载荷（振动载荷、冲击载荷等），还要满足各种服役环境的考验，例如含有大量水气的腐蚀环境、发动机自身的高温环境等。此外，由于适航安全的要求，一些特殊附件、管路的支撑支架还需要具备一定的阻燃性能。然而，传统镁合金存在一些显著缺点[2-3,11-14]：①镁合金为密排六方（HCP）结构，室温下只在基面拥有（0001）和（0001）2个独立滑移系，不能满足Von Mises屈服准则中要求的5个独立滑移系，这导致镁合金的室温变形能力与加工成形能力差；②镁合金抗腐蚀能力差，极易发生腐蚀失效行为；③镁合金化学性质活泼，在400 ℃以上的高温环境下易发生严重的氧化甚至燃烧，且燃烧后不能自行熄灭。以上因素限制了镁合金在航空发动机领域的大规模工程应用。本文就近年来国内外学者在镁合金加工成形性、耐蚀性、阻燃性方面的研究展开综述，并对镁合金在商用航空发动机支架领域的应用前景进行分析与展望。
1　加工成形性
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商用航空发动机支架分类如图1所示。按照成形工艺，商用航空发动机支架可分为两大类：一是固定发动机管路、电缆等结构的构型较为简单的钣金支架和机加工支架；二是固定发动机附件的构型较为复杂、尺寸较大的铸造支架。
对于钣金支架与机加工支架，需要通过塑性变形的方式将金属原材料加工成棒材、板材，然后采用机加工或钣金工艺进行成形。镁合金为密排六方结构，室温成形能力差，通常采用多道次热变形工艺制备棒材、板材[15-18]，能源消耗大，加工工序繁琐。大量研究表明，合金化[2,19-22]、微观组织调控[15,18,23-26]等手段可有效提升镁合金成形能力。
变形Mg-Zn-Gd合金的织构与成形能力如图2所示。如图2（a）所示，相比于传统AZ31镁合金，通过添加稀土元素Gd，Mg-Zn-Gd合金（GZ21、GZ31）轧板在变形后微观组织更均匀，且添加稀土元素Gd使传统变形镁合金（AZ31）展现出的强基面织构得到了显著弱化。埃氏杯突实验结果（图2（b））表明，GZ21和GZ31的埃氏杯突值（IE值）分别为6.8和7.9，远高于轧制态AZ31镁合金IE值（约为2.6），与5000系列和6000系列的铝合金IE值相当（其IE值约为9～10），最终得到的板材展现出良好的室温成形性[27]。此外，如图2（c）～（d）所示，由于添加Gd，在变形过程中形成稀土织构，使Mg-Zn-Gd合金可以在较高的挤压速度（60 m/min）下良好成形，相比于传统AZ31镁合金棒材，挤压得到的Mg-Zn-Gd合金棒材表面不存在明显的表面缺陷，最终得到的挤压态Mg-Zn-Gd合金展现出优异的力学性能，抗拉强度保持在200 MPa左右时，其室温延伸率高达35%[28]。
对镁合金微观组织进行调控同样可以提升其变形能力，如图3所示。文献[29]研究纯镁变形时发现，大晶粒尺寸（80 μm左右）的纯镁一般在400 ℃时热变形；而当纯镁晶粒达到纳米尺寸（1 μm左右）时，纯镁在80 ℃冷变形，变形前后平均晶粒尺寸与晶粒尺寸分布变化很小（图3（b）），且晶粒内部几乎无明显取向差。此时，镁在室温变形过程中位错与孪晶等晶内传统变形方式不再占主导地位，而晶粒扭转、再结晶等晶间变形行为成为主要的协调变形方式（图3（c）），大大提高了纯镁在室温下的变形能力。因此，细晶粒尺寸的纯镁在80 ℃时即可挤压成形，并可以继续冷轧至0.12 mm，最终得到的轧板具有较好的延展性（图3（a））。
文献[30-31]研究结果表明，通过热塑性变形对镁合金中准晶相的尺寸和分布进行调控可有效提升镁合金力学性能和成形性能。这是由于热塑性变形过程中析出的纳米准晶相与镁基体在界面处存在更好的原子匹配。
铸造镁合金在航空发动机的应用如图4所示。铸造镁合金已成功应用于航空发动机部分机匣、基座、支架、壳体等零件的制造[10]，展现出良好的减重、减振效果。目前，主要应用的铸造镁合金可分为Mg-Al系、Mg-Zn系和Mg-RE系镁合金。以AZ31、AZ91等为代表的Mg-Al系镁合金具有强度高、耐腐蚀、铸造性能好、成本低等优点，是目前应用极广泛的铸造镁合金，其铸态组织主要为α-Mg基体与β-Mg17Al12第二相，Al含量越高，第二相逐渐增多且呈现出网状分布，强度提高的同时引起塑性下降。众多研究表明，添加Ca、Ti、Sb等合金元素可进一步改善Mg-Al系铸造镁合金的性能。一方面，合金化元素可有效阻碍第二相的长大从而细化晶粒，提升铸造镁合金的强度与塑性；另一方面，合金元素引入的其他第二相（Al2Ca、Mg3Sb2等）熔点更高，可有效提升镁合金的高温性能[14]。Mg-Zn系铸造镁合金强度较高，其强化机理主要为Zn的固溶强化以及在基面[0001]方向析出MgZn2相的析出强化，但其高温性能较差，目前主要通过进一步添加Zr、RE等元素提升其室温与高温力学性能[14]。
相比于Mg-Al系和Mg-Zn系铸造镁合金，近年来Mg-RE系铸造镁合金由于其更加优异的力学性能与耐热性能受到了广泛关注和研究，其室温抗拉强度可达400 MPa，并且在250 ℃环境下可以长期服役，在航空领域展现出巨大应用潜力[10,20,32]。在国外发动机型号中，F-110和F-119涡扇发动机均采用WE43稀土镁合金铸件制备变速箱壳体[1]；在国内，ZM3（Mg-3RE-0.5Zn-0.5Zr）稀土镁合金已应用于涡喷-6发动机的前舱铸件及涡喷-11发动机的离心机匣，JDM系列高强耐热稀土镁合金已应用于某型发动机的机匣盖部件，如图4（e）所示[10]。
2　耐蚀性
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由于镁合金化学性质活泼、电化学电位很低，极易在液体介质中发生腐蚀，导致镁合金通常表现出较快的腐蚀速度与明显局部腐蚀，进而导致强度下降、结构失效等。目前，主要采用表面制备涂层[33-38]、合金化[39-44]、微观组织调控[45-51]3种形式改善镁合金的耐蚀性。
镁合金表面微弧氧化是目前广泛应用、可以大幅提高镁合金耐蚀性与耐磨性的表面处理技术[35,38,52-53]。文献[52]研究了微弧氧化膜厚度及致密性对AZ91D镁合金耐蚀性的影响，通过不同处理时间，得到了不同厚度与不同致密度的膜层，处理时间30 min时，膜层达到一定厚度且致密度较好，其耐蚀性极佳；继续延长处理时间，会导致膜层致密性下降，进而其耐蚀性降低。在镁合金表面制备疏水涂层同样是广泛应用的提高镁合金耐蚀性能的方法之一[33,37,54]。文献[37]通过喷涂法（如图5（a）所示），利用环氧树脂和十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷修饰的二氧化硅纳米粒子为原材料，在镁合金表面制备了一种无氟、机械性能稳定的超疏水涂层，如图5（b）所示，当SH—SiO2含量30%时，其涂层接触角可达160.2°，且在3.5%的NaCl溶液中浸泡15 d后，其接触角仍高于150°，性能稳定，在经历5次加速老化循环后仍展现出优异的耐蚀性，可为镁合金提供良好的腐蚀防护。
合金化与微观组织调控同样是提高镁合金耐蚀性的有效手段。镁合金中的合金元素通常以第二相的形式析出在基体中，弥散均匀分布的细小第二相有利于形成连续的腐蚀产物膜，连续分布的网状第二相可作为屏障阻止腐蚀的扩散，但非均匀分布的粗大第二相通常会引起严重的局部腐蚀，加快腐蚀速率[55]。如图6（a）所示，文献[56]通过在Mg-Li合金中添加Zn和Y 2种元素，在Mg基体中引入了大量连续分布的准晶相（I相），通过电化学测试得到的动态极化曲线与阻抗谱（图6（b））可知，相比于Mg-Li二元合金，Mg-Li-Zn-Y合金自腐蚀电位更高、阻抗弧半径更大，表明其耐蚀性得到有效改善。连续分布的准晶相可有效抑制腐蚀界面的扩展，同时可以有效改善局部腐蚀的发生（图6（c））。文献[57]通过固溶处理，可消除锻态Mg-6.7%Zn-1.3%Y-0.6%Zr合金中非均匀分布的MgZn2相，进而有效提升其耐蚀性。
3　阻燃性
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镁合金在高温环境中极易发生氧化，长时间暴露后，氧化速率呈线性增长，最终易导致燃烧，限制了其在民用航空领域的应用。研究表明，合金化是提高镁合金抗氧化和阻燃性能的有效手段[3,11,58-59]，目前发现的镁合金阻燃元素主要有Ca、Be、Sr以及稀土元素。含CaO的氧化膜可以有效阻止O2进一步向基体扩散且可以有效阻止Mg高温下向外挥发，因此在纯镁中添加质量分数5%Ca元素后，其燃点可以提高250 ℃。但由于含Ca和Be的阻燃镁合金力学性能和耐蚀较差，且Be具有毒性，目前并未在工业上广泛使用[11]。添加Sr元素可以使镁合金在高温下形成复合氧化膜层，其最外层为MgO/SrO层，中间层为富SrO层，内层为富MgO层，可有效提高其抗氧化和阻燃性能。有研究表明，添加质量分数6%Sr时，镁合金燃点可达854 ℃，高于商用WE43镁合金的燃点（750 ℃）。近年来，稀土镁合金成为阻燃镁合金领域的研究热点[14,32]，在镁合金中添加稀土不仅可以有效提升其力学性能与成形性能，且由于稀土元素半径较大，其氧化后在镁合金表面形成的氧化膜更加致密，可有效提高镁合金的抗高温氧化和阻燃性能[58]。
4　结论与展望
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为满足大涵道比涡扇发动机在高推重比、低耗油率、低噪声以及低成本等方面的需求，需要对航空发动机进行减重设计，镁合金在航空发动机支架领域展现出良好的应用前景。但由于其自身耐蚀性较差、加工成本较高、高温环境下易发生燃烧等特点，目前仅在军机及发动机的部分附件机匣、飞机座椅等部件得到应用。基于历史使用经验，美国国防部在MIL-HDBK-1568中提出：镁合金只能在特别批准下使用；喷漆前镁合金应进行阳极氧化处理等。在F-35战斗机研制过程中，同样对镁合金提出了以下几方面要求：镁合金结构及其接触的零部件都需要施加防护涂层；需开展完整的全尺寸气候试验对其服役效果进行评估[1]。由于国内相关研究起步较晚，目前国内航空领域针对镁合金在航空发动机上的使用，近年发布了一些指导性原则，例如：应尽量减少使用镁合金；镁合金、镁合金与其他合金零件的接触表面需要用涂层加强保护等。
为进一步满足镁合金作为航空发动机支架材料的服役要求，还需在以下几方面进行系统的研究与探索：①目前尚未形成一定规模的镁合金材料牌号及体系，需通过材料基因组工程等手段，进一步发展力学性能、耐蚀性能、阻燃性能及成形性能优异的镁合金牌号，建立镁合金板材、镁合金棒材、镁合金锻件等型材的材料标准，为实际型号选材提供依据和指导；②进一步研究和发展微弧氧化、表面疏水涂层等镁合金表面防腐手段，研究其防腐机理及膜层失效机理，为镁合金在航空发动机支架领域的服役评估奠定基础；③基于国内外型号使用经验，不断完善相关行业标准，为镁合金在航空发动机支架及其他领域的进一步应用提供有效指导；④发展镁合金铸造、轧制、挤压等成形设备，不断提高镁合金成形质量、降低镁合金加工成本，提高其在航空发动机支架领域应用的竞争力。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(52273318)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2024.03.032
  • 接收时间：2023-12-22
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-06-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-22
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    1.中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司，上海　200241
    2.上海交通大学　材料科学与工程学院，上海　200240
    3.湖南师范大学　化学化工学院，湖南　长沙　410081
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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